- A mild and selective Cu(II) salts-catalyzed reduction of nitro, azo, azoxy, N-aryl hydroxylamine, nitroso, acid halide, ester, and azide compounds using hydrogen surrogacy of sodium borohydride
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The first mild, in situ, single-pot, high-yielding well-screened copper (II) salt-based catalyst system utilizing the hydrogen surrogacy of sodium borohydride for selective hydrogenation of a broad range of nitro substrates into the corresponding amine under habitancy of water or methanol like green solvents have been described. Moreover, this catalytic system can also activate various functional groups for hydride reduction within prompted time, with low catalyst-loading, without any requirement of high pressure or molecular hydrogen supply. Notably, this system explores a great potential to substitute expensive traditional hydrogenation methodologies and thus offers a greener and simple hydrogenative strategy in the field of organic synthesis.
- Kalola, Anirudhdha G.,Prasad, Pratibha,Mokariya, Jaydeep A.,Patel, Manish P.
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supporting information
p. 3565 - 3589
(2021/10/12)
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- 2-((3,5-Dinitrobenzyl)thio)quinazolinones: Potent Antimycobacterial Agents Activated by Deazaflavin (F420)-Dependent Nitroreductase (Ddn)
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Swapping the substituents in positions 2 and 4 of the previously synthesized but yet undisclosed 5-cyano-4-(methylthio)-2-arylpyrimidin-6-ones 4, ring closure, and further optimization led to the identification of the potent antitubercular 2-thio-substituted quinazolinone 26. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated a crucial role for both meta-nitro substituents for antitubercular activity, while the introduction of polar substituents on the quinazolinone core allowed reduction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding (63c, 63d). While most of the tested quinazolinones exhibited no cytotoxicity against MRC-5, the most potent compound 26 was found to be mutagenic via the Ames test. This analogue exhibited moderate inhibitory potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate kinase, the target of the 3-cyanopyridones that lies at the basis of the current analogues, indicating that the whole-cell antimycobacterial activity of the present S-substituted thioquinazolinones is likely due to modulation of alternative or additional targets. Diminished antimycobacterial activity was observed against mutants affected in cofactor F420 biosynthesis (fbiC), cofactor reduction (fgd), or deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase activity (rv3547), indicating that reductive activation of the 3,5-dinitrobenzyl analogues is key to antimycobacterial activity.
- Jian, Yanlin,Forbes, He Eun,Hulpia, Fabian,Risseeuw, Martijn D. P.,Caljon, Guy,Munier-Lehmann, Hélène,Boshoff, Helena I. M.,Van Calenbergh, Serge
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p. 440 - 457
(2021/01/14)
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- Novel method for synthesizing 3, 5-dinitrobenzyl chloride
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The invention provides a novel method for synthesizing 3, 5-dinitrobenzyl chloride. The novel method comprises the following steps: a, carrying out reduction reaction on 3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride and a reducing agent in a first solvent to obtain 3, 5-dinitrobenzene methanol; and b, carrying out chlorination reaction on the 3, 5-dinitrobenzene methanol, a chlorination reagent and a catalyst in asecond solvent to obtain the 3, 5-dinitrobenzyl chloride. According to the method, the reduction process of the 3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride is remarkably improved, a simple reducing agent is used, nitro reduction is avoided under the assistance of Lewis acid and Lewis alkali, and the reaction selectivity and the product yield are improved.
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Paragraph 0020-0025
(2020/07/21)
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- Storing redox equivalent in the phenalenyl backbone towards catalytic multi-electron reduction
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Storing and transferring electrons for multi-electron reduction processes are considered to be the key steps in various important chemical and biological transformations. In this work, we accomplished multi-electron reduction of a carboxylic acid via a hydrosilylation pathway where a redox-active phenalenyl backbone in Co(PLY-O,O)2(THF)2, stores electrons and plays a preponderant role in the entire process. This reduction proceeds by single electron transfer (SET) from the mono-reduced ligand backbone leading to the cleavage of the Si-H bond. Several important intermediates along the catalytic reduction reaction have been isolated and well characterized to prove that the redox equivalent is stored in the form of a C-H bond in the PLY backbone via a ligand dearomatization process. The ligand's extensive participation in storing a hydride equivalent has been conclusively elucidated via a deuterium labelling experiment. This is a rare example where the ligand orchestrates the multielectron reduction process leaving only the metal to maintain the conformational requirements and fine tunes the electronics of the catalyst.
- Bhunia, Mrinal,Sahoo, Sumeet Ranjan,Shaw, Bikash Kumar,Vaidya, Shefali,Pariyar, Anand,Vijaykumar, Gonela,Adhikari, Debashis,Mandal, Swadhin K.
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p. 7433 - 7441
(2019/08/15)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of m-amidophenol derivatives as a new class of antitubercular agents
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A series of m-amidophenol derivatives (6a-6l, 7a-7q, 9a, 9b, 12a-12c, 14 and 15) were designed and synthesized. Their antitubercular activities were evaluated in vitro against M. tuberculosis strains H37Ra and H37Rv and clinically isolated multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Ten compounds displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against M. tuberculosis H37Ra below 2.5 μg mL?1 and 6g was the most active compound (MIC = 0.625 μg mL?1). Compounds 6g and 7a also showed potent inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC = 0.39 μg mL?1) and several clinically isolated multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains (MIC = 0.39-3.125 μg mL?1). The compounds did not show inhibitory activity against normal Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They exhibited low cytotoxicity against HepG2 and RAW264.7 cell lines. The results demonstrated m-amidophenol as an attractive scaffold for the development of new antitubercular agents.
- Zhang, Niu-niu,Liu, Zhi-yong,Liang, Jie,Tang, Yun-xiang,Qian, Lu,Gao, Ya-min,Zhang, Tian-Yu,Zhang, Tian-yu,Yan, Ming
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supporting information
p. 1293 - 1304
(2018/08/28)
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- Derivatives of 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide and Use Thereof in Preparation of Anticoccidial Drugs
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Disclosed are derivatives of 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide and use thereof in preparation of anticoccidial drugs. The derivatives have structural formulae as shown in formulae (I) to (VI). The derivatives of 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide as disclosed in the present invention have significant anticoccidial effect, especially against coccidia that show a resistance to other anticoccidial drugs, and thus they can be used in preparation of anticoccidial drug.
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Paragraph 0119-0122
(2019/01/10)
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- Amine compound and process for preparation thereof, liquid crystal aligning, liquid crystal alignment film, the liquid crystal display element (by machine translation)
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The present invention relates to an amine compound, a method for preparing same, and a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display device, having same. A liquid crystal alignment agent having polyamic acid or polyimide prepared using the amine compound of the present invention enables a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display device having excellent thermal stability even after forming the liquid crystal alignment film, and expressing high alignment and stability even after an ultraviolet ray irradiation.
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Paragraph 0247; 0248
(2016/12/01)
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- Inhibition of M. tuberculosis β-ketoacyl CoA reductase FabG4 (Rv0242c) by triazole linked polyphenol-aminobenzene hybrids: Comparison with the corresponding gallate counterparts
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Herein we report six novel triazole linked polyphenol-aminobenzene hybrids (3-8) as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis FabG4 (Rv0242c), a less explored β-ketoacyl CoA reductase that has immense potential to be the future anti-tuberculosis drug target due to its possible involvement in drug resistance and latent infection. Novel triazole linked polyphenol-aminobenzene hybrids have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against FabG4. All of them inhibit FabG4 at low micromolar concentrations. In silico docking study has been carried out to explain the experimental findings. A comparative study of these new inhibitors with previously reported gallate counterparts leads to structure-activity relations (SAR) of substituent linked to N-1 of triazole ring.
- Banerjee, Deb Ranjan,Senapati, Kalyan,Biswas, Rupam,Das, Amit K.,Basak, Amit
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p. 1343 - 1347
(2015/03/14)
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- Fluorescent markers and use thereof for labeling specific protein targets
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Novel fluorescent markers of Formula I: are disclosed herein, wherein X and Y are independently or together absent or are independently selected from R and R1 are independently selected from H and alkyl; Ar is phenyl or heteroaryl; L is absent or a spacer selected from the group consisting of —NH—; —(CH2)nNH—; —NHSO2—; —(CH2)nNHCO—; -(cycloalkyl)NHCO—; —(CH2)nNHSO2—; -(cycloalkyl)NHSO2—; —CONH(CH2)nNHCO—; —CONH(cycloalkyl)NHCO—; —NHCO(CH2)nNHCO—; —NHCO(cycloalkyl)NHCO—; —(CH2)nSO2NH—; -(cycloalkyl)SO2NH—; —(CH2)nNHCSNH—; -(cycloalkyl)NHCSNH—; —CR═CR1—; —C≡C—; —(CH2)nN═CH—; -(cycloalkyl)N═CH—; —N═CH(CH2)—; —N═CH(cycloalkyl)-; n is an integer ranging from 1 to 5; F is a fluorophore selected from the group consisting of fluorescein, rhodamine, eosin, thionine, safranin, coumarin, methoxycoumarin, dansyl, BODIPY and BODIPY derivatives; and wherein X, Y and L may be positioned in a 1,3,5; 1,2,3; 1,3,4 or in a 3,4,5 configuration respectively.
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Page/Page column 23; 24
(2014/09/29)
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- FLUORESCENT MARKERS AND USE THEREOF FOR LABELING SPECIFIC PROTEIN TARGETS
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Novel fluorescent markers of Formula I: are disclosed herein, wherein X and Y are independently or together absent or are independently selected from R and R1 are independently selected from H and alkyl; Ar is phenyl or heteroaryl; L is absent or a spacer selected from the group consisting of —NH—; —(CH2)nNH—; —NHSO2—; —(CH2)nNHCO—; -(cycloalkyl)NHCO—; —(CH2)nNHSO2—; -(cycloalkyl)NHSO2—; —CONH(CH2)nNHCO—; —CONH(cycloalkyl)NHCO—; —NHCO(CH2)nNHCO—; —NHCO(cycloalkyl)NHCO—; —(CH2)nSO2NH—; -(cycloalkyl)SO2NH—; —(CH2)nNHCSNH—; -(cycloalkyl)NHCSNH—; —CR═CR1—; —C≡C—; —(CH2)nN═CH—; -(cycloalkyl)N═CH—; —N═CH(CH2)—; —N═CH(cycloalkyl)-; n is an integer ranging from 1 to 5; F is a fluorophore selected from the group consisting of fluorescein, rhodamine, eosin, thionine, safranin, coumarin, methoxycoumarin, dansyl, BODIPY and BODIPY derivatives; and wherein X, Y and L may be positioned in a 1,3,5; 1,2,3; 1,3,4 or in a 3,4,5 configuration respectively.
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- Synthesis of polynorbornene with pendant moiety bearing azide and terminal alkyne groups
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A powerful approach to the synthesis of an unprecedented polynorbornene with pendant moiety bearing azide and terminal alkyne groups is developed. Two key intermediates, namely, 3-azido-5-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl) benzyl alcohol and 4-(4-aza-tricyclo [5.2.1.02.6]dec-8-en-4-yl) benzoic acid, were optimally synthesized for convergent synthesis of the corresponding monomer.
- Zhang, Ze,Peng, Zhi Wei,Fan, Kun Zeng
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scheme or table
p. 785 - 788
(2012/01/07)
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- Dramatic increase of quench efficiency in "spacerless" dimaleimide fluorogens
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In this post-genomic era, new techniques are needed to cope with the task of assigning functional roles to the huge number of identified putative gene products. We have developed a minimalist labelling strategy based on the use of synthetic fluorogenic probe reagents that fluoresce only after their reaction with a target peptide sequence. The probe reagents have fluorescent cores and bear two maleimide groups, such that their latent fluorescence is quenched by a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to the pendant maleimide groups, until both of these groups undergo a specific thiol addition reaction. The efficiency of the fluorescence quenching is critical to the practicality of this labelling method, and has been predicted to be related to the intramolecular distance between the fluorophore and the maleimide groups. We have conducted the first direct test of this hypothesis by preparing a series of novel fluorogens that differ only by the spacer moiety separating their coumarin fluorophore and their dimaleimide fragment. A striking correlation was observed between intramolecular distance and the fluorescence enhancement (FE) observed after reaction with two equivalents of thiol. Guided by this observation, we then designed 'spacerless' fluorogens, of which a dansyl derivative shows an FE ratio of >300, the largest recorded for dimaleimide fluorogens. The trends observed herein provide valuable lessons for subsequent fluorogen design, and the novel fluorogens developed in the course of this study are currently being applied to protein labelling applications.
- Caron, Karine,Lachapelle, Virginie,Keillor, Jeffrey W.
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experimental part
p. 185 - 197
(2011/02/23)
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- Ribosomal synthesis of dehydrobutyrine- and methyllanthionine-containing peptides
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We report here the ribosomal synthesis of methyllanthionine-containing cyclic peptides involving a site-specific incorporation of vinylglycine under the reprogrammed genetic code, followed by the isomerization of the vinylglycine to dehydrobutyrine, and t
- Goto, Yuki,Iwasaki, Kazuhiro,Torikai, Kohei,Murakami, Hiroshi,Suga, Hiroaki
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 3419 - 3421
(2009/12/26)
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- Synthesis of non-symmetrical 3,5-diamidobenzyl amines, ethers and sulfides
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A straightforward synthesis of non-symmetrical 3,5-diamidobenzyl amines, ethers and sulfides starting from 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is reported. Functionalization of the benzylic position is only achieved after formation of the two amides, otherwise benzylic hydrogenolysis occurs during nitro group reduction.
- Barker, David,Lehmann, Anna L.,Mai, Anna,Khan, Gul S.,Ng, Eric
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p. 1660 - 1664
(2008/09/18)
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- Reduction of acid chlorides using dichloro bis[(1,4-diaza bicyclo [2.2.2] octane) bis(tetrahydroborato)] zirconium (IV)
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Aliphatic and aromatic acid chlorides were efficiently reduced to give the corresponding alcohols when treated with [Zr(BH4)2Cl 2(dabco)2], (ZrBDC).
- Alinezhad, Heshmatollah,Tajbakhsh, Mahmood,Salehian, Fatemeh
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p. 814 - 815
(2007/10/03)
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- Enzymatic resolution of substituted mandelic acids
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A series of substituted mandelic acids were prepared and subjected to enzymatic resolution utilizing Lipase PS 'Amano'.
- Campbell, Robert F.,Fitzpatrick, Kevin,Inghardt, Tord,Karlsson, Olle,Nilsson, Kristina,Reilly, John E.,Yet, Larry
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p. 5477 - 5481
(2007/10/03)
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- New amidino derivatives and their use as thormbin inhibitors
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There is provided compounds of formula I, wherein Y and R1 have meanings given in the description, and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives (including prodrugs) thereof, which compounds and derivatives are useful as, or are useful as prodrugs of, competitive inhibitors of trypsin-like proteases, such as thrombin, and thus, in particular, in the treatment of conditions where inhibition of thrombin is required (e.g. thrombosis) or as anticoagulants.
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- Molecular Recognition Involving an Interplay of O-H...O, C-H...O and ?...? Interactions. The Anomalous Crystal Structure of the 1:1 Complex 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid-4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)benzoic Acid
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The crystal structure of the 1:1 donor-acceptor complex of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoic acid contains the uncommon O-H...O hydrogen-bonded carboxy homodimers rather than the heterodimers found in nine other related complexes.The formation of these homodimers contradicts the general principle that in hydrogen-bonded networks, the strongest proton donor hydrogen bonds to the strongest proton acceptor.This unusual homodimer is obtained because of difficulties in C-H...O hydrogen bond formation, the consequent importance of ?...? stacking interactions and the enhanced stability of homodimer stacks over heterodimer stacks.Additionally, it is concluded that: (i) O-H...O hydrogen bonds can act as a conduit for charge transfer and may alter the polarization of atoms; (ii) C-H...O bonds can be used for molecular recognition and C-H...O patterns are sensitive to molecular stoichiometry and substituent positioning; (iii) stacking interactions influence the nature of hydrogen bonding and vice versa.This study shows that for precise supramolecular construction, strong and weak intermolecular interactions must be considered together.
- Sharma, C. V. Krishnamohan,Panneerselvam, Kaliyamoorthy,Pilati, Tullio,Desiraju, Gautam R.
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p. 2209 - 2216
(2007/10/02)
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