- Lightening Agents and/or Dyes that Contain Aldehyde(s)
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Agents for dyeing and/or lightening keratin fibers, in particular human hair, containing, relative to the weight thereof, 0.001 to 15 wt. % of at least one aldehyde of the formula (I): wherein X represents —CH(R2)—SO2—Y—R1, —CR3R4R5, or wherein Y represents —CH(CHO)— or —CH2— or a chemical bond, and wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 independently represents —H or —CN or —F or —Cl or —Br or —I or —CHO or —NH2 or —NO2 or —CF3 or —CCl3 or —CF2CF3 or —CCl2CCl3 or an optionally substituted (C1-C6) alkyl group or a hydroxyalkyl group or a polyhydroxyalkyl group or an optionally substituted (C1-C6) alkylene group, and wherein the agent contains no oxidation dye precursors of developer and coupler type.
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- Catalytic Epoxidation of Alkenes with Oxone
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A practical, general and efficient protocol for the catalytic epoxidation of alkenes has been developed.The in situ generation of reactive dioxiranes capable of epoxidizing a variety of alkenes under biphasic conditions has been accomplished using phase transfer catalysts bearing a carbonyl group.Optimal epoxidation conditions employ 10 mol percent of 1-dodecyl-1-methyl-4-oxopiperidinium triflate (8d(+)OTf(-)) in a CH2Cl2/pH 7.5-8.0 biphase using potassium monoperoxosulfate (Oxone) as the oxidant.Optimization of the conditions identified (1) slow addition rate, (2) pH 7.5-8.0, (3) N-dodecyl chain, and (4) the triflate salt as key experimental and structural variables.A selection of nine olefins was successfully oxidized to the corresponding epoxides in 83-96percent yield.
- Denmark, Scott E.,Forbes, David C.,Hays, David S.,DePue, Jeffrey S.,Wilde, Richard G.
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p. 1391 - 1407
(2007/10/02)
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