- Hits-to-lead optimization of the natural compound 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl-acetophenone (thga) as a potent lox inhibitor: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship (sar) study, and computational assignment
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A new series of 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl-acetophenone (tHGA) analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity. Prenylated analogues 4a-g (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 35 μM to 95 μM) did not exhibit better inhibitory activity than tHGA (3a) (IC50 value: 23.6 μM) due to the reduction in hydrophobic interaction when the alkyl chain length was reduced. One geranylated analogue, 3d, with an IC50 value of 15.3 μM, exhibited better LOX inhibitory activity when compared to tHGA (3a), which was in agreement with our previous findings. Kinetics study showed that the most active analogue (3e) and tHGA (3a) acted as competitive inhibitors. The combination of in silico approaches of molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation revealed that the lipophilic nature of these analogues further enhanced the LOX inhibitory activity. Based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and toxicity prediction by komputer assisted technology (TOPKAT) analyses, all geranylated analogues (3a-g) showed no hepatotoxicity effect and were biodegradable, which indicated that they could be potentially safe drugs for treating inflammation.
- Ng, Chean Hui,Rullah, Kamal,Abas, Faridah,Lam, Kok Wai,Ismail, Intan Safinar,Jamaludin, Fadzureena,Shaari, Khozirah
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- gem-Diprenylation of Acylphloroglucinols by a Fungal Prenyltransferase of the Dimethylallyltryptophan Synthase Superfamily
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Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase (AtaPT) catalyzes predominantly C-monoprenylation of acylphloroglucinols in the presence of different prenyl diphosphates. With dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as prenyl donor, gem-diprenylated products 1D3, 2D3, and 3D3 were also detected. High conversion of 1D1 to 1D3, 2D1 to 2D3, and 3D1 to 3D3 was demonstrated by incubation with AtaPT and DMAPP. The first example of gem-diprenylation by a member of the dimethylallyltryptophan synthase superfamily is provided.
- Zhou, Kang,Wunsch, Carsten,Dai, Jungui,Li, Shu-Ming
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supporting information
p. 388 - 391
(2017/04/21)
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- Synthesis of Natural Acylphloroglucinol-Based Antifungal Compounds against Cryptococcus Species
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Thirty-three natural-product-based acylphloroglucinol derivatives were synthesized to identify antifungal compounds against Cryptococcus spp. that cause the life-threatening disseminated cryptococcosis. In vitro antifungal testing showed that 17 compounds
- Yu, Qian,Ravu, Ranga Rao,Jacob, Melissa R.,Khan, Shabana I.,Agarwal, Ameeta K.,Yu, Bo-Yang,Li, Xing-Cong
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p. 2195 - 2201
(2016/10/04)
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- Synthesis of natural-like acylphloroglucinols with anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative and tube-formation inhibitory activity
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Two series of natural and natural-like mono- and bicyclic acylphloroglucinols derived from secondary metabolites in the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) were synthesised and tested in vitro for anti-proliferative and tube-formation inhibitory activity in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). In addition, their anti-oxidative activity was determined via an ORAC-assay. The first series of compounds (4a-e) consisted of geranylated monocyclic acylphloroglucinols with varying aliphatic acyl substitution patterns, which were subsequently cyclised to the corresponding 2-methyl-2-prenylchromane derivatives (5a and 5d). The second series involved compounds containing a 2,2-dimethylchromane skeleton with differing aromatic acyl substitution (6a-d and 7a-e). Compound 7a, (5,7-dihydroxy-2,2- dimethylchroman-6-yl)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone), showed the highest in vitro anti-proliferative activity with an IC50 of 0.88 ± 0.08 μM and a remarkable anti-oxidative activity of 2.8 ± 0.1 TE from the ORAC test. Interestingly, the high anti-proliferative activity of these acylphloroglucinols was not associated with tube-formation inhibition. Compounds (E)-1-(3-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2- methylbutan-1-one (4d) and (5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-6-yl)(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl)methanone (6a) exhibited moderate to weak anti-proliferative effects (IC50 11.0 ± 1 μM and 48.0 ± 4.3 μM, respectively) and inhibited the capillary-like tube formation of HMEC-1 in vitro, whereas 7a was inactive. The most active compound in the ORAC assay was 7c, which exhibited an anti-oxidative effect of 6.6 ± 1.0 TE. However, this compound showed only weak activity during the proliferation assay (IC 50 53.8 ± 0.3) and did not inhibit tube-formation.
- Sun, Qiu,Schmidt, Sebastian,Tremmel, Martina,Heilmann, J?rg,K?nig, Burkhard
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p. 621 - 628
(2014/10/15)
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- Synthesis and docking studies of 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone analogs as potential lipoxygenase inhibitor
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The natural product molecule 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl-acetophenone (tHGA) isolated from the medicinal plant Melicope ptelefolia was shown to exhibit potent lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity. It is known that LOX plays an important role in inflammatory response as it catalyzes the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid to form hydroperoxides. The search for selective LOX inhibitors may provide new therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report the synthesis of tHGA analogs using simple Friedel-Craft acylation and alkylation reactions with the aim of obtaining a better insight into the structure-activity relationships of the compounds. All the synthesized analogs showed potent soybean 15-LOX inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 10.31-27.61 μM) where compound 3e was two-fold more active than tHGA. Molecular docking was then applied to reveal the important binding interactions of compound 3e in soybean 15-LOX binding site. The findings suggest that the presence of longer acyl bearing aliphatic chain (5Cs) and aromatic groups could significantly affect the enzymatic activity.
- Ng, Chean Hui,Rullah, Kamal,Mohd. Aluwi, Mohd. Fadhlizil Fasihi,Abas, Faridah,Lam, Kok Wai,Ismail, Intan Safinar,Narayanaswamy, Radhakrishnan,Jamaludin, Fadzureena,Shaari, Khozirah
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p. 11645 - 11659
(2014/12/10)
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- Efficient synthesis of polycycles bearing prenylated, geranylated, and farnesylated citrans: Application to 3′-prenylrubranine and petiolin D regioisomer
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Efficient synthetic routes for biologically interesting polycycles with prenylated, geranylated, and farnesylated citrans were developed from several trihydroxybenzenes with prenyl, geranyl, and farnesyl groups on the benzene rings. Ethylenediamine diacet
- Wang, Xue,Lee, Yong Rok
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experimental part
p. 9179 - 9184
(2011/12/01)
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- SYNTHESIS OF NATURALLY OCCURING PHLOROGLUCINOL DERIVATIVES
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Starting with isobutyryl phloroglucinol nine naturally occuring compounds from Helichrysmus species were synthesized.
- Kuhnke, Joachim,Bohlmann, Ferdinand
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p. 3955 - 3958
(2007/10/02)
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