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Merging Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) and Cobalt Catalysis to Override E2-Selectivity in the Elimination of Alkyl Halides: A Mild Route towardcontra-Thermodynamic Olefins
We report here a mechanistically distinct tactic to carry E2-type eliminations on alkyl halides. This strategy exploits the interplay of α-aminoalkyl radical-mediated halogen-atom transfer (XAT) with desaturative cobalt catalysis. The methodology is high-yielding, tolerates many functionalities, and was used to access industrially relevant materials. In contrast to thermal E2 eliminations where unsymmetrical substrates give regioisomeric mixtures, this approach enables, by fine-tuning of the electronic and steric properties of the cobalt catalyst, to obtain high olefin positional selectivity. This unprecedented mechanistic feature has allowed access tocontra-thermodynamic olefins, elusive by E2 eliminations.
Zhao, Huaibo,McMillan, Alastair J.,Constantin, Timothée,Mykura, Rory C.,Juliá, Fabio,Leonori, Daniele
supporting information
p. 14806 - 14813
(2021/09/18)

Preparation method of medical intermediate N-BOC-3-pyrroline
The invention discloses a preparation method of a medical intermediate N-BOC-3-pyrroline. The method comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of benzylamine, 3-bromopropylene, dichloromethane and an alkaline reagent into a reaction bottle for reaction to obtain an enamine compound; dissolving the enamine compound in dichloromethane, adding a catalyst (Grubbs first generation) for reaction, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate after adding water for layering, and performing suction filtration to obtain mother liquor; adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate and methanol into the mother liquor, debenzylating to obtain pink solid, adding petroleum ether into the pink solid, pulping, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain 3-pyrroline hydrochloride; and re-dissolving the 3-pyrroline hydrochloride with water, adding an alkaline solution of NaHCO3 and (BOC)2O, stirring and reacting, extracting after the reaction is finished, separating out an organic phase, and drying to obtain a finished product of N-BOC-3-pyrroline. The method is low in raw material cost, simple in process step, high in yield, small in pollution, high in product purity and suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0065; 0068-0069; 0072-0073; 0076

(2021/07/31)

JAK inhibitor compound and application thereof
The invention relates to a JAK inhibitor compound and application thereof. Specifically, the invention discloses a compound shown as a formula (G), or an isotope labeled compound, or an optical isomer, a geometrical isomer, a tautomer or an isomer mixture of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a prodrug of the compound, or a metabolite of the compound. The invention also relates to the medical application of the compound.
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Paragraph 0508; 0515; 0526-0527

(2020/09/12)

Synthesis of new (±)-1-(4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy)pyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives via click reaction and study of anti-cancer activity against HCT 116, MDA-MB231, Mia-PaCa2 cell lines
ASERIES of 16 new (±) -1-(4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy) pyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized from 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole. Sixteen compounds are well characterized by their 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. Anticancer activities of these compounds were tested against HCT 116, MDA-MB231, Mia-PaCa2 cancer cell lines. Among these series of compounds, 8b exhibited highest activity with IC50 of 42.5 μg/ mL against MDA-MB231 cell line. The compound 8o and 8n showed moderate activity with IC50 of 64.3 μg/ mL and 68.4 μg/ mL against HCT -116 and Mia-PaCa2 cancer cell lines respectively.
Kumar, Gollapudi Ravi,Murthy Boddapati,Meruga, Santha Kumari,Bollikolla, Hari Babu
p. 2813 - 2825
(2020/10/06)

A Scalable Membrane Pervaporation Approach for Continuous Flow Olefin Metathesis
The translation of olefin metathesis reactions from the laboratory to process scale has been challenging with traditional batch techniques. In this contribution, we describe a continuous membrane reactor design that selectively permeates the ethylene byproduct from metathetical processes, thereby overcoming the mass-transport limitations that have negatively influenced the efficiency of this transformation in batch vessels. The membrane sheet-in-frame pervaporation module yielded turnover numbers of >7500 in the case of diethyl diallylmalonate ring-closing metathesis. The preparation of more challenging, low-effective-molarity substrates, a cyclooctene and a 14-membered macrocyclic lactone, was also effective. A comparison of optimal membrane reactor conditions to a sealed tubular reactor revealed that the benefits of ethylene removal are most apparent at low reaction concentrations.
Breen, Christopher P.,Parrish, Christine,Shangguan, Ning,Majumdar, Sudip,Murnen, Hannah,Jamison, Timothy F.,Bio, Matthew M.
supporting information
p. 2298 - 2303
(2020/05/14)

Discovery of 1-pyrimidinyl-2-aryl-4,6-dihydropyrrolo [3,4-d]imidazole-5(1H)-carboxamide as a novel JNK inhibitor
We designed and synthesized 1-pyrimidinyl-2-aryl-4, 6-dihydropyrrolo [3,4-d] imidazole-5(1H)-carboxamide derivatives as selective inhibitors of c-Jun-N-terminal Kinase 3 (JNK3), a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the compounds found in previous studies, a novel scaffold was designed to improve pharmacokinetic characters and activity, and compound 18a, (R)-1-(2-((1-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,6-dihydro pyrrolo [3,4-d]imidazole-5(1H)-carboxamide, showed the highest IC50 value of 2.69 nM. Kinase profiling results also showed high selectivity for JNK3 among 38 kinases, having mild activity against JNK2, RIPK3, and GSK3β, which also known to involve in neuronal apoptosis.
Cho, Hyunwook,Hah, Jung-Mi,Im, Daseul,Jang, Miyoung,Moon, Hyungwoo,Oh, Youri,Yang, Songyi
(2020/03/13)

NOVEL HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS IRAK4 INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to novel compounds of the general formula (I) their tautomeric forms, their enantiomers, their diastereoisomers, their pharmaceutically accepted salts, or pro-drugs thereof, which are useful for the treatment or prevention of cancer and inflammatory diseases associated with Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase (IRAK), and more particularly compounds that modulate the function of IRAK4.
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Page/Page column 32

(2019/06/23)

SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES AS INHIBITORS OF DNMT1
The invention is directed to substituted pyridine derivatives. Specifically, the invention is directed to compounds according to Formula (Iar): (Iar) wherein Yar, X1ar, X2ar, R1ar, R2ar, R3ar, R4ar and R5ar are as defined herein; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. The compounds of the invention are selective inhibitors of DNMT1 and can be useful in the treatment of cancer, pre-cancerous syndromes, beta hemoglobinopathy disorders, sickle cell disease, sickle cell anemia, and beta thalassemia, and diseases associated with DNMT1 inhibition. Accordingly, the invention is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention. The invention is still further directed to methods of inhibiting DNMT1 activity and treatment of disorders associated therewith using a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention.
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Page/Page column 804

(2018/01/20)

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Of Metal Imido Alkylidenes And Metal OXO Alkylidenes, And The Use Of Same
The invention relates to an N-heterocyclic carbene complex of general formulas I to IV (I) (II) (III) (IV), according to which A1 stands for NR2 or PR2, A2 stands for CR2 R2′, NR2, PR2, 0 or S, A3 stands for N or P, and C stands for a carbene carbon atom, ring B is an unsubstituted or a mono or poly-substituted 5 to 7-membered ring, substituents R2 and R2′ stand, inter alia, for a linear or branched C1-Cw-alkyl group and, if N and N each stand for NR2 or PR2, are the same or different, M in formulas I, II, III or IV stands for Cr, Mo or W, X 1 or X2 in formulas I to IV are the same or different and represent, inter alia, C1-C1s carboxylates and C1-C1s-alkoxides, Y is inter alia oxygen or sulphur, Z is inter alia a linear or branched C1-Cw-alkylenoxy group, and R 1 and R1′ in formulas I to IV are, inter alia, an aliphatic or aromatic group. These compounds are particularly suitable for use as catalysts for olefin metathesis reactions and have the advantage, compared to known Schrock carbene complexes, of displaying clearly increased tolerance to functional groups such as, in particular, aldehydes, secondary amines, nitriles, carboxylic acids and alcohols.
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Paragraph 0154

(2017/03/21)

Synthesis and evaluation of 6-pyrazoylamido-3N-substituted azabicyclo[3,1,0]hexane derivatives as T-type calcium channel inhibitors for treatment of neuropathic pain
A new series of aryls, including benzo[d]imidazole/isoxazole/pyrazole, conjugated to 3N-substituted-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives were designed and synthesized as inhibitors of T-type calcium channels. Among the synthesized compounds, 3N-R-substituted azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carboxamide derivatives containing 5-isobutyl-1-phenyl-pyrazole ring exhibited potent and selective T-channel inhibition and good metabolic stability without CYP450 inhibition. Compounds 10d and 10e contained hydrophobic substituents at the 3N-position and exhibited potent in vitro efficacy, as well as neuropathic pain alleviation in rats.
Kim, Jung Hyun,Nam, Ghilsoo
supporting information
p. 5028 - 5035
(2016/10/24)

A short synthesis of pyridines from deprotonated α-aminonitriles by an alkylation/RCM sequence
α-Aminonitriles can serve as versatile key precursors for the synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles. After unsuccessful trials involving the [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement of nitrile-stabilized ammonium ylides, we herein report a simple three-step synthesis of substituted pyridines based on an alkylation/ring-closing metathesis/aromatization sequence.
Weber, Carina,Nebe, Marco M.,Kaluza, Lukas P. V.,Opatz, Till
p. 633 - 641
(2016/07/06)

The Discovery of Quinoxaline-Based Metathesis Catalysts from Synthesis of Grazoprevir (MK-5172)
Olefin metathesis (OM) is a reliable and practical synthetic methodology for challenging carbon-carbon bond formations. While existing catalysts can effect many of these transformations, the synthesis and development of new catalysts is essential to increase the application breadth of OM and to achieve improved catalyst activity. The unexpected initial discovery of a novel olefin metathesis catalyst derived from synthetic efforts toward the HCV therapeutic agent grazoprevir (MK-5172) is described. This initial finding has evolved into a class of tunable, shelf-stable ruthenium OM catalysts that are easily prepared and exhibit unique catalytic activity.
Williams, Michael J.,Kong, Jongrock,Chung, Cheol K.,Brunskill, Andrew,Campeau, Louis-Charles,McLaughlin, Mark
supporting information
p. 1952 - 1955
(2016/06/01)

NOVEL 6-PYRAZOLYLAMIDO-3-SUBSTITUTED AZABICYCLO[3.1.0]HEXANE COMPOUNDS AS CALCIUM CHANNEL INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to a 6-pyrazolylamido-3-substituted azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives useful as calcium channel blockers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and medical use of the calcium channel inhibiting effect of the compounds for treatment of diseases.
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Paragraph 0080; 0081; 0082

(2014/12/09)

Enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution of N-Boc-trans-3-hydroxy-4- phenylpyrrolidine
The first enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution of tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-4- phenylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate is presented. Enzyme, solvent and temperature optimization resulted in a new resolution method with E = 40 enantioselectivity. The acetate derivative of the (+)-(3S,4R) enantiomer formed while the (-)-(3R,4S) isomer remained intact. Very good enantioselectivities (E > 200) were achieved in the enzyme-catalyzed alcoholysis of the racemic acetate in i-propanol and t-butanol where the (+)-(3S,4R) enantiomer was prepared in pure form (ee > 99.7%). Absolute configuration of the (-)-(3R,4S)-enantiomer was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Faigl, Ferenc,Kovacs, Ervin,Balogh, Dora,Holczbauer, Tamas,Czugler, Matyas,Simandi, Bela
p. 25 - 32
(2014/01/06)

A broadly applicable and practical oligomeric (salen)Co catalyst for enantioselective epoxide ring-opening reactions
The (salen)Co catalyst (4a) can be prepared as a mixture of cyclic oligomers in a short, chromatography-free synthesis from inexpensive, commercially available precursors. This catalyst displays remarkable enhancements in reactivity and enantioselectivity relative to monomeric and other multimeric (salen)Co catalysts in a wide variety of enantioselective epoxide ring-opening reactions. The application of catalyst 4a is illustrated in the kinetic resolution of terminal epoxides by nucleophilic ring-opening with water, phenols, and primary alcohols; the desymmetrization of meso epoxides by addition of water and carbamates; and the desymmetrization of oxetanes by intramolecular ring opening with alcohols and phenols. The favorable solubility properties of complex 4a under the catalytic conditions facilitated mechanistic studies, allowing elucidation of the basis for the beneficial effect of oligomerization. Finally, a catalyst selection guide is provided to delineate the specific advantages of oligomeric catalyst 4a relative to (salen)Co monomer 1 for each reaction class.
White, David E.,Tadross, Pamela M.,Lu, Zhe,Jacobsen, Eric N.
supporting information
p. 4165 - 4180
(2014/06/09)

RUTHENIUM-BASED METATHESIS CATALYSTS, PRECURSORS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE
The invention is directed to ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts of the Grubbs-Hoveyda type. The new 2-aryloxy-substituted ruthenium catalysts described herein reveal rapid initiation behavior. Further, the corresponding styrene-based precursor compounds are disclosed. The catalysts are prepared in a cross-metathesis reaction starting from styrene-based precursors which can be prepared in a cost- effective manner. The new Grubbs-Hoveyda type catalysts are suitable to catalyze ring- closing metathesis (RCM), cross metathesis (CM) and ring- opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Low catalyst loadings are necessary to convert a wide range of substrates including more complex and critical substrates via metathesis reactions at low to moderate temperatures in high yields within short reaction times.
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Page/Page column 30; 31; 32

(2014/05/24)

USE OF SOLUBLE METAL SALTS IN METATHESIS REACTIONS
The present invention describes the use of soluble metal salts to reduce impurities and metathesis catalysts poisons from olefinic feedstocks to improve olefin metathesis efficiency. The soluble metal salts were added to the olefinic feedstocks to prevent peroxides and catalyst poisons from inhibiting the metathesis catalyst. The soluble metal salts remain in the olefinic feedstocks and are used without further purification in the olefin metathesis reactions. The key to this invention is the soluble metal salt compounds do not inhibit the olefin metathesis catalysts but unexpectedly increase olefin metathesis catalyst efficiency while prior art heterogeneous metal complexes sequester the olefin metathesis catalyst, preventing olefin metathesis.
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Paragraph 000202

(2014/10/04)

Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors based on the 3-mercaptopyrrolidine core
New series of pyrrolidine mercaptosulfide, 2-mercaptocyclopentane arylsulfonamide, and 3-mercapto-4-arylsulfonamidopyrrolidine matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Exhibiting unique properties over other MMPIs (e.g., hydroxamates), these newly reported compounds are capable of modulating activities of several MMPs in the low nanomolar range, including MMP-2 (～2 to 50 nM), MMP-13 (～2 to 50 nM), and MMP-14 (～4 to 60 nM). Additionally these compounds are selective to intermediate- and deep-pocket MMPs but not shallow-pocketed MMPs (e.g., MMP-1, ～850 to >50 000 nM; MMP-7, ～4000 to >25 000 nM). Our previous work with the mercaptosulfide functionality attached to both cyclopentane and pyrrolidine frameworks demonstrated that the cis-(3S,4R)-stereochemistry was optimal for all of the MMPs tested. However, in our newest compounds an interesting shift of preference to the trans form of the mercaptosulfonamides was observed with increased oxidative stability and biological compatibility. We also report several kinetic and biological characteristics showing that these compounds may be used to probe the mechanistic activities of MMPs in disease.
Jin, Yonghao,Roycik, Mark D.,Bosco, Dale B.,Cao, Qiang,Constantino, Manuel H.,Schwartz, Martin A.,Sang, Qing-Xiang Amy
p. 4357 - 4373
(2013/07/19)

SUBSTITUTED CYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
The present invention provides novel substituted cyclic compounds, pharmaceutical acceptable salts and formulations thereof useful in modulating the protein tyrosine kinase activity, and in modulating cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of hyperproliferative disorders in mammals, especially humans.
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Paragraph 0182

(2013/09/26)

Fast olefin metathesis: Synthesis of 2-aryloxy-substituted Hoveyda-type complexes and application in ring-closing metathesis
Four 1-(4-R-phenoxy)-2-ethenylbenzenes (R=NMe2, H, Cl, NO 2) 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d were reacted with the ruthenium complexes [RuCl2(NHC)(3-phenylindenylidene)(py)] in the presence of a protic resin to result in the formation of the respective Hoveyda-type complexes 5a-d {NHC=SIMes [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolin)-2-ylidene]} and 6a-d {NHC=SIPr [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimidazolin)-2-ylidene]} in 66-84% yield. The lower steric bulk and the decreased donation of the diaryl ether oxygen atoms in complexes 5 and 6 led to rapidly initiating precatalysts. The Ru(II/III) redox potentials of complexes 6 were determined (6a-d: ΔE=0.89-1.08 V). In the crystal structure of 5b two independent molecules were observed in the unit cell, displaying Ru-O distances of 226.6(4) and 230.5(3) pm. The catalytic performance of complexes 5 and 6 in various ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions was studied. Catalyst loadings of between 15-200 ppm are sufficient for the formation of >90% yield of the respective cyclic products. Complex 6b catalyzes the formation of N-protected 2,5-dihydropyrroles with up to TON 64,000 and TOF 256,000 h-1, of the N-protected 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridines with up to TON 18,200 and TOF 73,000 h-1 and of the N-protected 2,3,6,7-tetrahydroazepines with up to TON 8,100 and TOF 32,000 h-1 with yields ranging between 77 and 96%.
Kos, Pavlo,Savka, Roman,Plenio, Herbert
p. 439 - 447
(2013/05/21)

SPECIFIC NNOS INHIBITORS FOR THE THERAPY AND PREVENTION OF HUMAN MELANOMA
Methods for melanoma treatment and prevention with selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor compounds and related pharmaceutical compositions, alone or in conjunction with one or more other melanoma therapies.
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Page/Page column 12-13

(2012/07/28)

1,2-dibromotetrachloroethane: An ozone-friendly reagent for the in situ Ramberga-Baecklund rearrangement and its use in the formal synthesis of E-resveratrol
Dibromotetrachloroethane (C2Br2Cl4) is demonstrated as a halogenating reagent for the one-pot conversion of sulfones to alkenes by way of the Ramberga-Baecklund rearrangement. Dibromotetrachloroethane successfully replaces known ozone depleting agents CCl4, CBr2F2 and C2Br 2F4. A formal synthesis of E-resveratrol is demonstrated using C2Br2Cl4.
Soiderman, Stefan C.,Schwan, Adrian L.
p. 10978 - 10984
(2013/02/23)

Fast olefin metathesis at low catalyst loading
Reactions of the Grubbs 3rd generation complexes [RuCl2(NHC) (Ind)(Py)] (N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)=1,3-bis(2,4,6- trimethylphenylimidazolin)-2-ylidene (SIMes), 1,3-bis(2,6- diisopropylphenylimidazolin)-2-ylidene (SIPr), or 1,3-bis(2,6- diisopropylphenylimidazol)-2-ylidene (IPr); Ind=3-phenylindenylid-1-ene, Py=pyridine) with 2-ethenyl-N-alkylaniline (alkyl=Me, Et) result in the formation of the new N-Grubbs-Hoveyda-type complexes 5 (NHC=SIMes, alkyl=Me), 6 (SIMes, Et), 7 (IPr, Me), 8 (SIPr, Me), and 9 (SIPr, Et) with N-chelating benzylidene ligands in yields of 50-75 %. Compared to their respective, conventional, O-Grubbs-Hoveyda complexes, the new complexes are characterized by fast catalyst activation, which translates into fast and efficient ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactivity. Catalyst loadings of 15-150 ppm (0.0015-0.015 mol %) are sufficient for the conversion of a wide range of diolefinic substrates into the respective RCM products after 15 min at 50 °C in toluene; compounds 8 and 9 are the most catalytically active complexes. The use of complex 8 in RCM reactions enables the formation of N-protected 2,5-dihydropyrroles with turnover numbers (TONs) of up to 58 000 and turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 232 000 h-1; the use of the N-protected 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines proceeds with TONs of up to 37 000 and TOFs of up to 147 000 h-1; and the use of the N-protected 2,3,6,7-tetrahydroazepines proceeds with TONs of up to 19 000 and TOFs of up to 76 000 h-1, with yields for these reactions ranging from 83-92 %. The tortoise and the hare: The use of diphenylalkylamino-based instead of phenyldialkylamino-based styrenes (see figure) leads to rapidly initiating precatalysts that enable very fast ring-closing metathesis reactions with turnover numbers of up to 58 000 and turnover frequencies of up to 232 000 h-1. Copyright
Peeck, Lars H.,Savka, Roman D.,Plenio, Herbert
p. 12845 - 12853
(2012/11/06)

FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND
The present invention relates to a fused heterocyclic compound having the Formula 1, which is useful as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a method for preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation comprising the same.
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Page/Page column 67

(2011/07/29)

CARBAPENEM ANTIBACTERIALS WITH GRAM-NEGATIVE ACTIVITY
The present invention provides β-methyl carbapenem compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful in the treatment of bacterial infections and methods for treating such infections using such compounds and/or compositions. The invention includes administering an effective amount of a carbapenem compound or salt and/or prodrug thereof to a host in need of such a treatment.
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Page/Page column 116

(2012/01/06)

3-HYDROXYPYRROLIDINE INHIBITORS OF 5?-METHYLTHIOADENOSINE PHOSPHORYLASE AND NUCLEOSIDASE
The present invention relates to 3-hydroxypyrrolidine compounds of the general formula (I) which are inhibitors of 5?-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase or 5?-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment of diseases or conditions in which it is desirable to inhibit 5?-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase or 5?-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase including cancer, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds
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Page/Page column 42

(2011/02/24)

Diamine-free lithiation-trapping of N-Boc heterocycles using s-BuLi in THF
A diamine-free protocol for the s-BuLi-mediated lithiation-trapping of N-Boc heterocycles has been developed. In the optimized procedure, lithiation is accomplished using s-BuLi in THF at -30 °C for only 5 or 10 min. Subsequent electrophilic trapping or transmetalation-Negishi coupling delivered a range of functionalized pyrrolidines, imidazolidines, and piperazines in 43-83% yield.
Barker, Graeme,Obrien, Peter,Campos, Kevin R.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 4176 - 4179
(2010/11/16)

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of N-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex- 6-ylmethyl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amines derivatives as NPY Y5 antagonists
A novel class of small molecule NPY Y5 antagonists based around an azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold was identified through modification of a screening hit. Structure-activity relationships and efforts undertaken to achieve a favourable pharmacokinetic profile in rat are described.
Biagetti, Matteo,Leslie, Colin Philip,Mazzali, Angelica,Seri, Catia,Pizzi, Domenica Antonia,Bentley, Jonathan,Genski, Thorsten,Fabio, Romano Di,Zonzini, Laura,Caberlotto, Laura
scheme or table
p. 4741 - 4744
(2010/10/04)

Low catalyst loadings in olefin metathesis: Synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles by ring-closing metathesis
(Chemical Equetion Presentation) A series of ruthenium catalysts have been screened under ring-closing metathesis (RCM) conditions to produce five-, six-, and seven-membered carbamate-protected cyclic amines. Many of these catalysts demonstrated excellent RCM activity and yields with as low as 500 ppm catalyst loadings. RCM of the five-membered carbamate series could be run neat, the six-membered carbamate series could be run at 1.0 M, and the seven-membered carbamate series worked best at 0.2-0.05 M.
Kuhn, Kevin M.,Champagne, Timothy M.,Hong, Soon Hyeok,Wei, Wen-Hao,Nickel, Andrew,Lee, Choon Woo,Virgil, Scott C.,Grubbs, Robert H.,Pederson, Richard L.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 984 - 987
(2010/06/15)

COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATMENT OF CANCER
Compounds and compositions for treating, preventing or managing cancer are disclosed. The compositions provided herein comprise SNS-595 and N-desmethyl-SNS-595. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of treatment using the compounds and compositions.
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Page/Page column 16

(2010/03/02)

Synthesis of (±)-trans-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-d]oxazol-2-one and its derivatives by using N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-pyrroline as precursor
Synthetic method for the preparation of (±)-trans- hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-d]oxazol-2-one and its derivatives has been developed. By one route, an efficient preparation of these fused heterobicyclic moieties could be achieved, which are prepared by using N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-pyrroline as precursor. These fused heterobicyclic systems could be useful to develop a series of 2-oxazolidinone analogues.
Rajesh, Tammana,Rao, Sambangi Polinaini Narayana,Suresh, Kopparthi,Madhusudhan, Gutta,Mukkanti, Kagga
body text
p. 1392 - 1397
(2011/03/17)

Design and synthesis of potent "sulfur-free" transition state analogue inhibitors of 5′-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase and 5′-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase
5′-Methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) is a dual substrate bacterial enzyme involved in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) related quorum sensing pathways that regulates virulence in many bacterial species. MTANs from many bacteria are directly involved in the quorum sensing mechanism by regulating the synthesis of autoinducer molecules that are used by bacterial communities to communicate. In humans, 5′-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is involved in polyamine biosynthesis as well as in purine and SAM salvage pathways and thus has been identified as an anticancer target. Previously we have described the synthesis and biological activity of several aza-C-nucleoside mimics with a sulfur atom at the 5′ position that are potent E. coli MTAN and human MTAP inhibitors. Because of the possibility that the sulfur may affect bioavailability, we were interested in synthesizing "sulfur-free" analogues. Herein we describe the preparation of a series of "sulfur-free" transition state analogue inhibitors of E. coli MTAN and human MTAP that have low nano-to picomolar dissociation constants and are potentially novel bacterial anti-infective and anticancer drug candidates.
Longshaw, Alistair I.,Adanitsch, Florian,Gutierrez, Jemy A.,Evans, Gary B.,Tyler, Peter C.,Schramm, Vern L.
experimental part
p. 6730 - 6746
(2010/12/24)

COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING DISORDERS MEDIATED BY METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 5, AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
Provided herein are compounds and methods of synthesis thereof. The compounds provided herein are useful for the treatment, prevention, and/or management of various disorders, such as neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, neuromuscular disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, lower urinary tract disorder, and cancer. Compounds provided herein modulate the activity of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the central nervous system or the periphery. Pharmaceutical formulations containing the compounds and their methods of use are also provided herein.
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Page/Page column 152

(2010/11/03)

MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS AND METHODS OF USE
The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) in combination with a suitable carrier, diluent, or excipient; and methods for treating physiological disorders, particularly congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, or chronic kidney disease, comprising administering a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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Page/Page column 24

(2009/07/10)

Synthesis and enzymatic evaluation of 2- and 4-aminothiazole-based inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase
Highly potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) possessing a 2-aminopyridine group were recently designed and synthesized in our laboratory and were shown to have significant in vivo efficacy. In this work, analogs of our lead compound possessing 2- and 4-aminothiazole rings in place of the aminopyridine were synthesized. The less basic aminothiazole rings will be less protonated at physiological pH than the aminopyridine ring, and so the molecule will carry a lower net charge. This could lead to an increased ability to cross the blood-brain barrier thereby increasing the in vivo potency of these compounds. The 2-aminothiazole-based compound was less potent than the 2-aminopyridine-based analogue. 4-Aminothiazoles were unstable in water, undergoing tautomerization and hydrolysis to give inactive thiazolones.
Lawton, Graham R.,Ji, Haitao,Silverman, Richard B.,Martasek, Pavel,Roman, Linda J.
supporting information; experimental part

(2010/04/26)

Practical one-pot and large-scale synthesis of N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-3- pyrroline
N-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-3-pyrroline was prepared with high purity in large scale starting from cis-1,4-dichloro-2-butene via delepine reaction and subsequent cyclization in the presence of potassium carbonate followed by N-Boc protection in methanol.Judicious selection of base and solvent led to the use of a single solvent, i.e., methanol, for cyclization as well as for N-Boc protection to render the one-pot process from compound 2 more practical and greener than the stepwise version.
Rajesh, Tammana,Azeez, Shaik Abdul,Naresh, Erragunta,Madhusudhan, Gutta,Mukkanti, Kagga
scheme or table
p. 638 - 640
(2010/04/22)

A tandem approach to photoactivated olefin metathesis: Combining a photoacid generator with an acid activated catalyst
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Keitz, Benjamin K.,Grubbs, Robert H.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 2038 - 2039
(2009/07/30)

Discovery of highly potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by fragment hopping
Selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been shown to prevent brain injury and is important for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. This study shows that not only greater inhibitory potency and isozyme selectivity but more druglike properties can be achieved by fragment hopping. On the basis of the structure of lead molecule 6, fragment hopping effectively extracted the minimal pharmacophoric elements in the active site of nNOS for ligand hydrophobic and steric interactions and generated appropriate lipophilic fragments for lead optimization. More potent and selective inhibitors with better druglike properties were obtained within the design of 20 derivatives (compounds 7-26). Our structure - based inhibitor design for nNOS and SAR analysis reveal the robustness and efficiency of fragment hopping in lead discovery and structural optimization, which implicates a broad application of this approach to many other therapeutic targets for which known druglike small-molecule modulators are still limited.
Ji, Haitao,Li, Huiying,Martásek, Pavel,Roman, Linda J.,Poulos, Thomas L.,Silverman, Richard B.
scheme or table
p. 779 - 797
(2009/12/07)

Heterocyclic lithium amides as chiral ligands for an enantioselective hydroxyalkylation with n-BuLi
(Chemical Equation Presented) Chiral heterocyclic structures based on 3-aminopyrrolidines (3APs), 3-aminotetrahydrothiophens (3ATTs), and 3-aminotetrahydrofurans (3ATFs) have been synthesized. The corresponding lithium amides have been evaluated as chiral ligands in the condensation of n-BuLi on o-tolualdehyde. The returned levels of induction were in the 46-80% ee range. The cheap and easily prepared 3ATFLi's turned out to be also the best ligands, giving access to the expected R or S alcohols in a same 80% level of induction at -78°C in THF. In all cases, the sense of induction depends on the absolute configuration of C8 on the 3-amino appendage. A general concept is proposed to rationalize the process of induction in the presence of organolithium species.
Duguet, Nicolas,Petit, Sylvain M.,Marchand, Philippe,Harrison-Marchand, Anne,Maddaluno, Jacques
p. 5397 - 5409
(2008/12/21)

Minimal pharmacophoric elements and fragment hopping, an approach directed at molecular diversity and isozyme selectivity. Design of selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors
Fragment hopping, a new fragment-based approach for de novo inhibitor design focusing on ligand diversity and isozyme selectivity, is described. The core of this approach is the derivation of the minimal pharmacophoric element for each pharmacophore. Sites for both ligand binding and isozyme selectivity are considered in deriving the minimal pharmacophoric elements. Five general-purpose libraries are established: the basic fragment library, the bioisostere library, the rules for metabolic stability, the toxicophore library, and the side chain library. These libraries are employed to generate focused fragment libraries to match the minimal pharmacophoric elements for each pharmacophore and then to link the fragment to the desired molecule. This method was successfully applied to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is implicated in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Starting with the nitroarginine-containing dipeptide inhibitors we developed previously, a small organic molecule with a totally different chemical structure was designed, which showed nanomolar nNOS inhibitory potency and more than 1000-fold nNOS selectivity. The crystallographic analysis confirms that the small organic molecule with a constrained conformation can exactly mimic the mode of action of the dipeptide nNOS inhibitors. Therefore, a new peptidomimetic strategy, referred to as fragment hopping, which creates small organic molecules that mimic the biological function of peptides by a pharmacophore-driven strategy for fragment-based de novo design, has been established as a new type of fragment-based inhibitor design. As an open system, the newly established approach efficiently incorporates the concept of early "ADME/Tox" considerations and provides a basic platform for medicinal chemistry-driven efforts.
Ji, Haitao,Stanton, Benjamin Z.,Igarashi, Jotaro,Li, Huiying,Martasek, Pavel,Roman, Linda J.,Poulos, Thomas L.,Silverman, Richard B.
p. 3900 - 3914
(2008/12/20)

POTENT AND HIGHLY SELECTIVE HETEROAROMATIC INHIBITORS OF NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE
Peptidomimetic compounds as can inhibit neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) for potential treatment in neurodegenerative diseases, such as but not limited to stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease.
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Page/Page column 18; 19-20; 33; 35-36

(2008/06/13)

Olefin ring closing metathesis and hydrosilylation reaction in aqueous medium by grubbs second generation ruthenium catalyst
(Chemical Equation Presented) The Grubbs second generation ruthenium catalyst was shown to catalyze various olefin ring closing metathesis and hydrosilylation reactions in aqueous medium. Reactions proceeded in pure water without any additives or cosolvents, in a short period of time. We found that inhomogeneity of the reaction mixture does not prevent high conversion (70-95%) of the products in both reactions.
Polshettiwar, Vivek,Varma, Rajender S.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 7417 - 7419
(2009/05/07)

Convenient preparation of optically pure 3-aryloxy-pyrrolidines
Chiral 3-methanesulfonyl-1-Boc-pyrrolidine and piperidine were reacted with sodium phenolates, resulting in a mixture of displacement and elimination products. Following carbamate deprotection and pH adjustment, the 3-pyrroline and tetrahydropyridine by-products resulting from elimination were easily removed through aqueous partitioning and/or concentration. Although the pyrrolidines were formed with a high degree of optical purity, slight racemization was observed for the piperidine case because elevated temperatures were required to effect displacement. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Benard, Christophe,Mohammad, Rahim,Saraswat, Neerja,Shan, Rudong,Maiti, Samarendra N.,Wuts, Peter G. M.,Stier, Michael,Lints, Teresa,Bradow, James,Schwarz, Jacob B.
p. 517 - 524
(2008/04/12)

BRIDGED N-CYCLIC SULFONAMIDO INHIBITORS OF GAMMA SECRETASE
The invention provides N-cyclic sulfonamido compounds and salts of Formula (I): wherein A is as described in the specification and R1 and R2combine to form a [3.3.1] or a [3.2.1] ring system, where the nitrogen is attached to the two bridgehead carbons, and the [3.3.1] or [3.2.1] ring systems are optionally fused with an heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring. Compounds of Formula (I) are useful in treating or preventing cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, methods of treating cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, and the intermediates useful in preparing the compounds of Formula (I).
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Page/Page column 85

(2010/11/26)

Ruthenium-catalyzed cross-metathesis between diallylsilanes and electron-deficient olefins
Diallysilanes can be selectively coupled with electron-deficient olefins under cross-metathesis (CM) conditions using the Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst to produce mono- and/or bis-CM compounds in good yield. The formation of the mono- and the bis-CM compounds depends on the nature of the electron-deficient olefin.
Bouzbouz, Samir,Boulard, Lucie,Cossy, Janine
p. 3765 - 3768
(2008/02/12)

Substituted 3-Amino-4-hydroxy pyrrolidines compounds, their preparation and use as medicaments
The present invention relates to substituted pyrrolidine compounds of general formula (I), methods for their preparation, medicaments comprising these compounds as well as their use for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of humans and animal.
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Page/Page column 89

(2008/06/13)

COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
The present invention relates to compounds useful as Chemokine Receptor antagonists. Compounds of general formula (I) are provided or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising said compounds and methods of using the compounds and compositions for the inhibition of Chemokine Receptors and also for the treatment of various diseases, conditions, or disorders, including acute or chronic inflammatory disease, cancer, and osteolytic bone disorders.
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Page/Page column 116

(2008/06/13)

COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
The present invention relates to compounds useful as Chemokine Receptor antagonists. Compounds of general formula I are provided: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising said compounds and methods of using the compounds and compositions for the inhibition of Chemokine Receptors and also for the treatment of various diseases, conditions, or disorders, including acute or chronic inflammatory disease, cancer or osteolytic bone disorders.
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Page/Page column 77

(2008/06/13)

INHIBITORS OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-IV
The present invention relates to isoxazoline derivatives, which can be used as selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase (PDE) type IV. In particular, compounds disclosed herein can be useful in the treatment of AIDS, asthma, arthritis, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), psoriasis, allergic rhinitis, shock, atopic dermatitis, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), eosinophilic granuloma, allergic conjunctivitis, osteoarthritis, ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory diseases in a patient, particularly in humans. The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of disclosed compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their use as phosphodiesterase (PDE) type IV inhibitors.
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Page/Page column 42

(2008/06/13)

QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF VEGF RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES
The present invention relates to compounds of the Formula (I): wherein Z is -NH-, -O- or -S-; R 1 represents bromo or chloro; R 3 represents C 1-3 alkoxy or hydrogen; R 2 is selected from one of the following three groups: (i) Q 1 X 1 - wherein X 1 and Q 1 are as defined herein; (ii) Q 15 W 3 - wherein Q 15 and W 3 are as defined herein; and (iii) Q 21 W 4 C 1-5 alkylX 1 wherein X 1 , W 4 and Q 21 are as defined herein; and salts thereof; their use in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the production of an antiangiogenic and/or vascular permeability reducing effect in warm blooded animals; processes for the preparation of such compounds; pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and methods of treating disease states involving angiogenesis by administering a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds of formula (I) inhibit the effects of VEGF, a property of value in the treatment of a number of disease states including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Page/Page column 66-67

(2010/02/10)