- δ13C analysis of amino acids in human hair using trimethylsilyl derivatives and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
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RATIONALE To provide a simple one-step derivatization procedure for the analysis of a wide variety of amino acids in human hair by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatization is already widely used outside the IRMS community, is applicable to a variety of functional groups, and provides products that are common entries in mass spectral databases, thus simplifying compound identification. METHODS Method optimization and validation were performed on a mixture of ten standard amino acids found abundantly in human hair. The method was then applied to the analysis of scalp hair from six human subjects. The hair was washed, hydrolyzed with 6 M HCl, derivatized using BSTFA in acetonitrile and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) with concurrent quadrupole and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) detectors. RESULTS The reproducibility for the δ13C measurements, including the derivatization procedure and GC/C/IRMS analysis, on a day-to-day comparison was between 0.19‰ and 0.35‰ (SD, N = 12), with an average standard deviation of 0.26‰. Because trimethylsilylation adds 3N carbon atoms (where N = # reactive protons) to each amino acid, the δ13C values for amino acid derivatives were corrected using a mass balance correction and the measured kinetic isotope effect (KIE). The KIE values ranged from 0.984 to 1.020. CONCLUSIONS The procedure gave consistent δ13C values with precision similar to other derivatization methods for the range of sample sizes studied: 50-1000 μg of each amino acid. The method gave δ13C values consistent with the known literature values when applied to the analysis of amino acids in human hair. Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright
- An, Yan,Schwartz, Zeland,Jackson, Glen P.
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p. 1481 - 1489
(2013/07/27)
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- Simple and rapid synthesis of Nα-urethane protected β-amino alcohols and peptide alcohols employing HATU
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The activation of the Nα--urcihanc protected (Fmoc-/Boc-/Z-/Bsmoc) α-amino acids employing l-[bis(dimethylamino)- methylene]-lH-l,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-6]pyridinium.0hexa-flurophosphate-3-oxide (HATU) followed by reduction of the in situ generated -OAt ester with NaBH 4 results in the corresponding ss-amino alcohols in good yields. This synthesis is the first demonstration of the application of the efficient coupling agent HATU for practical synthesis of ss-amino alcohols. The protocol is general for all common N-protecting groups including the highly base sensitive Bsmoc group. The protocol has also been successfully extended for the synthesis of peptide alcohols.
- Surcshbabu, Vommina V.,Sudarshan,Chennakrishnareddy
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experimental part
p. 574 - 579
(2009/12/06)
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- Efficient synthesis of N-fmoc-aminoalkoxy pentafluorophenyl carbonates: Application for the synthesis of oligopeptidyl carbamates
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N-Fmoc-Aminoalkoxy pentafluorophenyl carbonates have been synthesized through the reaction of N-Fmoc-aminoalkoxy carbonyl chloride with pentafluorophenol. The reaction was clean and high yielding, and the products have been fully characterized using infra
- Sureshbabu, Vommina V.,Hemantha
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experimental part
p. 3555 - 3566
(2009/12/26)
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- Preparation, isolation, and characterization of Nα-Fmoc- peptide isocyanates: Solution synthesis of oligo-α-peptidyl ureas
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(Chemical Equation Presented) The Nα-Fmoc-peptide isocyanates 3a-q, 4a-c, and 5a-c were prepared by the Curtius rearrangement of Nα-Fmoc-peptide acid azides in toluene under thermal, microwave, and ultrasonic conditions. All the Nsu
- Sureshbabu, Vommina V.,Patil, Basanagoud S.,Venkataramanarao, Rao
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p. 7697 - 7705
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of Fmoc-protected β-amino alcohols and peptidyl alcohols from Fmoc-amino acid/peptide acid azides
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An efficient synthesis of Nα-9H-fluoren-9- ylmethoxycarbony(Fmoc)-β-amino alcohols by the reduction of Fmoc-α-amino acyl azides employing aqueous NaBH4 as a reducing agent has been described. The reduction is found to be simple and almost complete. All the Fmoc-β-amino alcohols prepared are fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Further, the method is extended for the reduction of seven Fmoc-dipeptidyl acids to the corresponding alcohols. Their reduction is also found to be smooth and complete.
- Babu, Vommina V. Suresh,Kantharaju,Sudarshan, Naremaddepalli S.
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p. 1880 - 1886
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of Nα-protected peptide acids by the N→ C chain extension employing O,N-bis-trimethylsilyl-amino acids using the mixed anhydride method
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Synthesis of Nα-protected peptide acids employing N→C extension strategy using in situ generated X-NH-CHR′-CO-O-CO- iBu and O,N-bis-trimethylsilyl-amino acids has been accomplished. The coupling is very rapid and efficient. The yield
- Tantry, Subramanyam J.,Babu, Vommina V. Suresh
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p. 1282 - 1287
(2007/10/03)
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- Isocyanates of Nα-[(9-fluorenylmethyl)oxy]carbonyl amino acids: Synthesis, isolation, characterization, and application to the efficient synthesis of urea peptidomimetics
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The Curtius rearrangement of Fmoc-amino acid azides 1 was carried out in toluene by refluxing the solution for 30 min. The resulting isocyanates 2 have been isolated as crystalline solids and are fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13
- Patil, Basanagoud S.,Vasanthakumar, Ganga-Ramu,Suresh Babu, Vommina V.
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p. 7274 - 7280
(2007/10/03)
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- Chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-Ras lipopeptides
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For the study of biological phenomena influenced by the plasma-membrane- bound Ras proteins and other lipidated proteins, characteristic peptides which embody the correct lipid modifications of their parent proteins (palmitoyl thioesters and farnesyl thio
- N?gele, Edgar,Schelhaas, Michael,Kuder, Norman,Waldmann, Herbert
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p. 6889 - 6902
(2007/10/03)
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- 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonylethoxycarbonyl (Nsc) Group As a Base-Labile α-Amino Protection for Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis
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Base-labile 2-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Nsc) group is proposed for a temporary α-amino protection in the solid phase peptide synthesis.Nsc-Group is cleaved by organic bases in aprotic solvents under mild conditions similar to that used for Fmoc-group.Several Nα-Nsc amino acids are prepared and used in the solid phase synthesis of the fragment 307-318 of S-protein from bovine eye retina.
- Samukov, Vladimir V.,Sabirov, Aydar N.,Pozdnyakov, Pavel I.
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p. 7821 - 7824
(2007/10/02)
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- N-bis-silylation of α-amino acids: "benzostabases" as amino protecting group
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N-Bis-trimethylsilylation of α-amino acids using the powerful trimethylsilyl triflate reagent is difficult, and is rendered impossible in the case of bulky side-chains (valine). However, favorable entropy changes resulting from a cyclization reaction allow the formation of "benzostabase" N-diprotections regardless of the side-chain bulk.
- Cavelier-Frontin, Florine,Jacquier, Robert,Paladino, Joseph,Verducci, Jean
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p. 9807 - 9822
(2007/10/02)
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