- A METHOD FOR PREPARING ALKYLATED AMINES
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The present invention pertains to a method for preparing an alkylated amine by reacting a primary or secondary amine with an alcohol in the presence of hydrogen, a metal catalyst supported by photosensitive titanium oxide, and UV irradiation. Advantageously, the reaction can be carried out under mild reaction conditions.
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Page/Page column 21-32; 33
(2021/09/11)
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- Dimethylamination of Primary Alcohols Using a Homogeneous Iridium Catalyst: A Synthetic Method for N, N-Dimethylamine Derivatives
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A new catalytic system for N,N-dimethylamination of primary alcohols using aqueous dimethylamine in the absence of additional organic solvents has been developed. The reaction proceeds via borrowing hydrogen processes, which are atom-efficient and environmentally benign. An iridium catalyst bearing an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand exhibited high performance, without showing any deactivation under aqueous conditions. In addition, valuable N,N-dimethylamine derivatives, including biologically active and pharmaceutical molecules, were synthesized. The practical application of this methodology was demonstrated by a gram-scale reaction.
- Jeong, Jaeyoung,Fujita, Ken-Ichi
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supporting information
p. 4053 - 4060
(2021/03/09)
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- Recyclable covalent triazine framework-supported iridium catalyst for the N-methylation of amines with methanol in the presence of carbonate
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An iridium complex Cp*Ir@CTF, which is synthesized by the coordinative immobilization of [Cp*IrCl2]2 on a functionalized covalent triazine framework (CTF), was found to be a general and highly efficient catalyst for the N-methylation of amines with methanol in the presence of carbonate. Under environmentally benign conditions, a variety of desirable products were obtained in high yields with complete selectivities and functional group friendliness. Furthermore, the synthesized catalyst could be recycled by simple filtration without obvious loss of catalytic activity after sixth cycle. Notably, this research exhibited the potential of covalent triazine framework-supported transition metal catalysts for hydrogen autotransfer process.
- Liu, Peng,Yang, Jiazhi,Ai, Yao,Hao, Shushu,Chen, Xiaozhong,Li, Feng
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p. 281 - 290
(2021/03/26)
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- Preparation method of N-alkylated derivative of primary amine compound
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The invention relates to a preparation method of an N-alkylated derivative of a primary amine compound. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a primary amine compound, an alcohol compound and a catalyst in a reactor, and heating to react for a period of time to generate an N-alkylated substituted tertiary amine compound; wherein the catalyst is a copper-cobalt bimetallic catalyst, and the carrier of the catalyst is Al2O3. According to the method, alcohol is adopted as an alkylating reagent and is low in price and easy to obtain, a byproduct is water, no pollution is caused to the environment, and the overall reaction atom economy is high; the catalyst is simple in preparation method, low in cost, high in reaction activity and good in structural stability; meanwhile, by using the copper-cobalt bimetallic catalyst, the use of strong base additives can be avoided, and the requirement on reaction equipment is low; and the reaction post-treatment is convenient, and the catalyst can be recycled and is environment-friendly.
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Paragraph 0021; 0051
(2021/07/09)
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- Additive-freeN-methylation of amines with methanol over supported iridium catalyst
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An efficient and versatile zinc oxide-supported iridium (Ir/ZnO) catalyst was developed to catalyze the additive-freeN-methylation of amines with methanol. Mechanistic studies suggested that the high catalytic reactivity is rooted in the small sizes (1.4 nm) of Ir nanoparticles and the high ratio (93%) of oxidized iridium species (IrOx, Ir3+and Ir4+) on the catalyst. Moreover, the delicate cooperation between the IrOxand ZnO support also promoted its high reactivity. The selectivity of this catalyticN-methylation was controllable between dimethylation and monomethylation by carefully tuning the catalyst loading and reaction solvent. Specifically, neat methanol with high catalyst loading (2 mol% Ir) favored the formation ofN,N-dimethylated amine, while the mesitylene/methanol mixture with low catalyst loading (0.5 mol% Ir) was prone to producing mono-N-methylated amines. An environmentally benign continuous flow system with a recycled mode was also developed for the efficient production ofN-methylated amines. With optimal flow rates and amine concentrations, a variety ofN-methylamines were produced with good to excellent yields in this Ir/ZnO-based flow system, providing a starting point for the clean and efficient production ofN-methylamines with this cost-effective chemical process.
- Liu, Xiang,Loh, Teck-Peng,Qiang, Wenwen,Wang, Jing,Ye, Sen,Zhu, Longfei
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p. 3364 - 3375
(2021/06/06)
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- Simplified preparation of a graphene-co-shelled Ni/NiO@C nano-catalyst and its application in theN-dimethylation synthesis of amines under mild conditions
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The development of Earth-abundant, reusable and non-toxic heterogeneous catalysts to be applied in the pharmaceutical industry for bio-active relevant compound synthesis remains an important goal of general chemical research.N-methylated compounds, as one of the most essential bioactive compounds, have been widely used in the fine and bulk chemical industries for the production of high-value chemicals. Herein, an environmentally friendly and simplified method for the preparation of graphene encapsulated Ni/NiO nanoalloy catalysts (Ni/NiO@C) was developed for the first time, for the highly selective synthesis ofN-methylated compounds using various functional amines and aldehydes under easy to handle, and industrially applicable conditions. A large number of primary and secondary amines (more than 70 examples) could be converted to the correspondingN,N-dimethylamines with the participation of different functional aldehydes, with an average yield of over 95%. A gram-scale synthesis also demonstrated a similar yield when compared with the benchmark test. In addition, it was further proved that the catalyst could easily be recycled because of its intrinsic magnetism and reused up to 10 times without losing its activity and selectivity. Also, for the first time, the tandem synthesis ofN,N-dimethylamine products in a one-pot process, using only a single earth-abundant metal catalyst, whose activity and selectivity were more than 99% and 94%, respectively, for all tested substrates, was developed. Overall, the advantages of this newly developed method include operational simplicity, high stability, easy recyclability, cost-effectiveness of the catalyst, and good functional group compatibility for the synthesis ofN-methylation products as well as the industrially applicable tandem synthesis process.
- Liu, Jianguo,Ma, Longlong,Song, Yanpei,Zhang, Mingyue,Zhuang, Xiuzheng
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supporting information
p. 4604 - 4617
(2021/06/30)
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- Scalable synthesis of salt-free quaternary ammonium carboxylate catanionic surfactants
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Surfactants in commercial products commonly contain catanionic mixtures thus many studies of aqueous surfactant mixtures have been carried out. However, hardly any studies have been dedicated to pure catanionic surfactants often termed salt-free catanionic surfactants. One of the difficulties is in acquirement of samples with required purity due to difficult separation of these compounds from inorganic salts. In this work we present an alternative method of synthesis using dimethyl carbonate as the alkylating agent in order to obtain alkyl trimethylammonium alkanecarboxylates with medium alkyl chain lengths (6-10).
- ?tanfel, Ur?a,?ener, Bo?tjan,Be?ter-Roga?, Marija,Ko?mrlj, Janez,Medo?, ?iga,Virant, Miha
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p. 270 - 275
(2020/04/01)
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- Synthesis of tertiary amines by direct Br?nsted acid catalyzed reductive amination
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Tertiary amines are ubiquitous and valuable compounds in synthetic chemistry, with a wide range of applications in organocatalysis, organometallic complexes, biological processes and pharmaceutical chemistry. One of the most frequently used pathways to synthesize tertiary amines is the reductive amination reaction of carbonyl compounds. Despite developments of numerous new reductive amination methods in the past few decades, this reaction generally requires non-atom-economic processes with harsh conditions and toxic transition-metal catalysts. Herein, we report simple yet practical protocols using triflic acid as a catalyst to efficiently promote the direct reductive amination reactions of carbonyl compounds on a broad range of substrates. Applications of this new method to generate valuable heterocyclic frameworks and polyamines are also included.
- Hussein, Mohanad A.,Dinh, An H.,Huynh, Vien T.,Nguyen, Thanh Vinh
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supporting information
p. 8691 - 8694
(2020/08/21)
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- Silicon hydrogenation reaction method of organic boron and inorganic alkali catalysis amide (by machine translation)
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The method is characterized in that organic boron and inorganic bases are used as catalysts, silane is used as a reducing agent, primary amide is reduced to primary amine or dehydration dinitrile, the secondary amide is reduced to a secondary amine or aldimine, and the tertiary amide is reduced to tertiary amine. The method has the advantages of simple operation, mild reaction conditions, wide substrate universality, good functional group compatibility and the like, and has the characteristics of good stability, cheap and accessible catalyst, simple and convenient operation, high practicality and the like. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0049-0055; 0103-0106
(2020/08/18)
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- N-Methylation of amines and nitroarenes with methanol using heterogeneous platinum catalysts
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We report herein the selective N-methylation of amines and nitroarenes with methanol under basic conditions using carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/C) as a heterogeneous catalyst. This method is widely applicable to four types of N-methylation reactions: (1) N,N-dimethylation of aliphatic amines under N2, (2) N-monomethylation of aliphatic amines under 40 bar H2, (3) N-monomethylation of aromatic amines under N2, and (4) tandem synthesis of N-methyl anilines from nitroarenes and methanol under 2 bar H2. All these reactions under the same catalytic system showed high yields of the corresponding methylamines for a wide range of substrates, high turnover number (TON), and good catalyst reusability. Mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction proceeded via a borrowing hydrogen methodology. Kinetic results combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the high performance of Pt/C was ascribed to the moderate metal–hydrogen bond strength of Pt.
- Jamil, Md.A.R.,Touchy, Abeda S.,Rashed, Md. Nurnobi,Ting, Kah Wei,Siddiki, S.M.A. Hakim,Toyao, Takashi,Maeno, Zen,Shimizu, Ken-ichi
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- Method for synthesizing methylated aliphatic amine compound
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a methylated aliphatic amine compound. A commercially available or easily synthesized aliphatic amine, adopted as a raw material, is subjected to a methylation reaction with methanol to obtain the methylated aliphatic amine compound. The reaction is performed in the presence of an iridium metal complex and under weak alkaline catalysis conditions,only a N,N-dimethylated product is produced without generation of a monomethyl product so that selectivity is high, produced byproduct is water only so that no harm to the environment is caused, and the atom economy of the reaction is high, and therefore, the method meets the requirements of green chemistry and has a broad development prospect.
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Paragraph 0029; 0030; 0031; 0032; 0033
(2019/03/26)
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- Cationic linear chloramine antibacterial agent and synthesis method thereof
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The invention belongs to the technical field of synthesis and application of chloramine antibacterial agents, and provides a synthesis method of a cationic linear chloramine antibacterial agent. N-tert-butyl-chloroalkylamide II and a compound IV are used as raw materials to prepare a chloramine precursor compound III, then to be reacted with tert-butyl hypochlorite at a room temperature to preparea chloramine compound I; and the compound IV is one of a tertiary amine compound IV1 with different alkyl chains, a pyridine compound IV2 with different alkyl chains and tributyl phosphine. Accordingto the preparation method, when use of potassium cyanide is avoided, different cation structures are introduced into linear chloramine molecules to improve water solubility and improve the antibacterial activity; moreover, the structure of long alkyl chains and the chloramine structure introduced into the cation center can produce the strong synergistic antibacterial effect, and the antibacterialactivity is significantly improved compared with hydantoin like chloramine; and the theoretical basis is hopefully provided for preparation of high-efficiency cationic chloramine antibacterial materials .
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Paragraph 0060-0062
(2019/11/12)
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- A BEt3-Base catalyst for amide reduction with silane
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Reported herein is the development of a simple but practical catalytic system for the selective reduction of amides with hydrosilane or hydrosiloxane. Low-cost and readily available triethylborane (1.0 M in THF), in combination with a catalytic amount of an alkali metal base, was found to catalyze the reduction of all three amide classes (tertiary, secondary, and primary amides) to form amines under mild conditions. In addition, the selective transformation of secondary amides to aldimines and primary amides to nitriles can also be achieved by using a proper combination of BEt3 and base. The scope of these BEt3-base-catalyzed amide hydrosilylation reactions has been explored in depth. Preliminary results of mechanistic studies suggest a modified Piers' silane Si-H···B activation mode wherein the hydride abstraction by BEt3 is promoted by the coordination of an alkoxide or hydroxide anion to the Si center.
- Yao, Wubing,Fang, Huaquan,He, Qiaoxing,Peng, Dongjie,Liu, Guixia,Huang, Zheng
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- A BEt3-Base Catalyst for Amide Reduction with Silane
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Reported herein is the development of a simple but practical catalytic system for the selective reduction of amides with hydrosilane or hydrosiloxane. Low-cost and readily available triethylborane (1.0 M in THF), in combination with a catalytic amount of an alkali metal base, was found to catalyze the reduction of all three amide classes (tertiary, secondary, and primary amides) to form amines under mild conditions. In addition, the selective transformation of secondary amides to aldimines and primary amides to nitriles can also be achieved by using a proper combination of BEt3 and base. The scope of these BEt3-base-catalyzed amide hydrosilylation reactions has been explored in depth. Preliminary results of mechanistic studies suggest a modified Piers' silane Si-H···B activation mode wherein the hydride abstraction by BEt3 is promoted by the coordination of an alkoxide or hydroxide anion to the Si center.
- Yao, Wubing,Fang, Huaquan,He, Qiaoxing,Peng, Dongjie,Liu, Guixia,Huang, Zheng
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p. 6084 - 6093
(2019/05/24)
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- Method used for reduction of tertiary amide into alcohols and/or amines
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The invention discloses a method used for reduction of tertiary amide into alcohols and/or amines. The method comprises following steps: tertiary amide, an alkali metal reagent, and a proton donor agent are added into an organic solvent for a following reaction selectively: when the proton donor agent is a raw material alcohol and/or inorganic salt aqueous solution, the reaction product is an alcohol compound and/or tertiary amine compound. The method is capable of realizing selective reduction of tertiary amide into alcohols and tertiary amine compounds, the yield is high, the suitable rangeis wide, operation is safe and simple, the adopted raw materials are cheap and easily available; no precious metal catalyst, toxic silanes, and flammable and combustible metal hydrides are adopted; notoxic by product is generated; reaction is more friendly to the environment; problems in the prior art that amide compound reducing method operation is complex, conditions are strict, and control ofproducts is difficult are solved.
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Paragraph 0171-0174
(2019/08/07)
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- Selective Monomethylation of Amines with Methanol as the C1 Source
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The N-monomethyl functionality is a common motif in a variety of synthetic and natural compounds. However, facile access to such compounds remains a fundamental challenge in organic synthesis owing to selectivity issues caused by overmethylation. To address this issue, we have developed a method for the selective, catalytic monomethylation of various structurally and functionally diverse amines, including typically problematic primary aliphatic amines, using methanol as the methylating agent, which is a sustainable chemical feedstock. Kinetic control of the aliphatic amine monomethylation was achieved by using a readily available ruthenium catalyst at an adequate temperature under hydrogen pressure. Various substrates including bio-related molecules and pharmaceuticals were selectively monomethylated, demonstrating the general utility of the developed method.
- Choi, Geunho,Hong, Soon Hyeok
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supporting information
p. 6166 - 6170
(2018/04/30)
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- Efficient and versatile catalytic systems for the n-methylation of primary amines with methanol catalyzed by n-heterocyclic carbene complexes of iridium
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Efficient and versatile catalytic systems were developed for the N-methylation of both aliphatic and aromatic primary amines using methanol as the methylating agent. Iridium complexes bearing an Nheterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand exhibited high catalytic performance for this type of transformation. For aliphatic amines, selective N,N-dimethylation was achieved at low temperatures (50-90 °C). For aromatic amines, selective N-monomethylation and selective N,N-dimethylation were accomplished by simply changing the reaction conditions (presence or absence of a base with an appropriate catalyst). These findings can be used to develop methods for synthesizing useful amine compounds having N-methyl or N,N-dimethyl moieties.
- Toyooka, Genki,Tuji, Akiko,Fujita, Ken-Ichi
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p. 4617 - 4626
(2019/02/01)
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- N-Methylation of Amines with Methanol Catalyzed by a Cp?Ir Complex Bearing a Functional 2,2′-Bibenzimidazole Ligand
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A new type of Cp?Ir complex bearing a functional 2,2′-bibenzimidazole ligand was designed, synthesized, and found to be a highly effective and general catalyst for the N-methylation of a variety of amines with methanol in the presence of a weak base (0.3 equiv of Cs2CO3).
- Liang, Ran,Li, Shun,Wang, Rongzhou,Lu, Lei,Li, Feng
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supporting information
p. 5790 - 5793
(2017/11/10)
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- MOF-derived cobalt nanoparticles catalyze a general synthesis of amines
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The development of base metal catalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds remains an important goal of chemical research. Here, we report that cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated by a graphitic shell are broadly effective reductive amination catalysts. Their convenient and practical preparation entailed template assembly of cobaltdiamine- dicarboxylic acid metal organic frameworks on carbon and subsequent pyrolysis under inert atmosphere.The resulting stable and reusable catalysts were active for synthesis of primary, secondary, tertiary, and N-methylamines (more than 140 examples).The reaction couples easily accessible carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) with ammonia, amines, or nitro compounds, and molecular hydrogen under industrially viable and scalable conditions, offering cost-effective access to numerous amines, amino acid derivatives, and more complex drug targets.
- Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.,Murugesan, Kathiravan,Alshammari, Ahmad S.,Neumann, Helfried,Pohl, Marga-Martina,Radnik, J?rg,Beller, Matthias
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p. 326 - 332
(2017/09/28)
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- Mild Hydrogenation of Amides to Amines over a Platinum-Vanadium Bimetallic Catalyst
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Hydrogenation of amides to amines is an important reaction, but the need for high temperatures and H2 pressures is a problem. Catalysts that are effective under mild reaction conditions, that is, lower than 30 bar H2 and 70 °C, have not yet been reported. Here, the mild hydrogenation of amides was achieved for the first time by using a Pt-V bimetallic catalyst. Amide hydrogenation, at either 1 bar H2 at 70 °C or 5 bar H2 at room temperature was achieved using the bimetallic catalyst. The mild reaction conditions enable highly selective hydrogenation of various amides to the corresponding amines, while inhibiting arene hydrogenation. Catalyst characterization showed that the origin of the catalytic activity for the bimetallic catalyst is the oxophilic V-decorated Pt nanoparticles, which are 2 nm in diameter.
- Mitsudome, Takato,Miyagawa, Kazuya,Maeno, Zen,Mizugaki, Tomoo,Jitsukawa, Koichiro,Yamasaki, Jun,Kitagawa, Yasutaka,Kaneda, Kiyotomi
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supporting information
p. 9381 - 9385
(2017/08/01)
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- Ruthenium-Catalyzed Methylation of Amines with Paraformaldehyde in Water under Mild Conditions
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Methylated amines are highly important for a variety of pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Existing routes for their formation result in the production of large amounts of waste or require high reaction temperatures, both of which impact the ecological and economical footprint of the methodologies. Herein, we report the ruthenium-catalyzed reductive methylation of a range of aliphatic amines, using paraformaldehyde as both substrate and hydrogen source, in combination with water. This reaction proceeds under mild aqueous reaction conditions. Additionally the use of a secondary phase for catalyst retention and recycling has been investigated with promising results.
- van der Waals, Dominic,Heim, Leo. E.,Gedig, Christian,Herbrik, Fabian,Vallazza, Simona,Prechtl, Martin H. G.
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p. 2343 - 2347
(2016/10/24)
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- Towards a general ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of secondary and tertiary amides to amines
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A broad range of secondary and tertiary amides has been hydrogenated to the corresponding amines under mild conditions using an in situ catalyst generated by combining [Ru(acac)3], 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane (Triphos) and Yb(OTf)3. The presence of the metal triflate allows to mitigate reaction conditions compared to previous reports thus improving yields and selectivities in the desired amines. The excellent isolated yields of two scale-up experiments corroborate the feasibility of the reaction protocol. Control experiments indicate that, after the initial reduction of the amide carbonyl group, the reaction proceeds through the reductive amination of the alcohol with the amine arising from collapse of the intermediate hemiaminal.
- Cabrero-Antonino, Jose R.,Alberico, Elisabetta,Junge, Kathrin,Junge, Henrik,Beller, Matthias
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p. 3432 - 3442
(2016/05/19)
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- METHOD OF PRODUCING TERTIARY AMINE OR TERTIARY AMINE DERIVATIVE
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing tertiary amine or tertiary amine derivative with high selectivity. SOLUTION: In the method of producing tertiary amine or tertiary amine derivative, a reaction system including: an organic chemical raw material containing at least one kind of group selected from -NH2, -NH2 HCl, >NH and >NH HCl, a nitrogen atom contained in the group bounding to a carbon atom; aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and a catalyst where a carrier containing titanium oxide carries a silver component (metal silver or silver compound), is irradiated with light, and the group in the organic compound raw material is converted to -NR02 or >NR0, ( R0 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms derived from the aliphatic alcohol). The percentage content of the silver in the catalyst is 0.5 to 10 mass% with respect to the titanium oxide. COPYRIGHT: (C)2015,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0080; 0088; 0095
(2018/10/31)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING N-SUBSTITUTED AMINE COMPOUNDS THROUGH CATALYZED ALKYLATION
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The invention relates to a method for producing a N-substituted amine compound by catalyzed alkylation. The method uses amine and alcohol or two kinds of amines as the reaction materials, employs composite metal oxides catalyst at a reaction temperature of 80-180° C. to catalyze the reaction for 6-36 hours, so as to produce the N-substituted amine compound. The reaction condition of the method of the invention is relatively moderate, using a catalyst made of cheap non-noble metals, which is non-caustic and easy to be separated and reused. The reaction does not need any medium and has relatively high conversion rate and selectivity.
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Paragraph 0044
(2014/02/16)
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- Methylformate as replacement of syngas in one-pot catalytic synthesis of amines from olefins
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A new general approach for the one-pot hydroaminomethylation of olefins using methylformate as formylating agent instead of synthesis gas (syngas) has been proposed. Herein we report that a Ru-Rh catalytic system demonstrates high activity in a tandem conversion of a series of n-alkenes into amines using methylformate with yields 58-92% (6 h). The selectivity for the normal amine reached 96% with catalysis by the Ru carbonyl complex Ru3(CO) 12, with an overall yield of 55% with respect to amine in this instance. The addition of the Rh complex to Ru catalytic system, sharply increased the hydroaminomethylation rate of both the terminal and internal alkenes and increased the yield of amines to 82-93% (6-12 h). The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Karakhanov, Eduard,Maksimov, Anton,Kardasheva, Yulia,Runova, Elena,Zakharov, Roman,Terenina, Maria,Kenneally, Corey,Arredondo, Victor
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p. 540 - 547
(2014/02/14)
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- The "borrowing hydrogen strategy" by supported ruthenium hydroxide catalysts: Synthetic scope of symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted amines
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The N-alkylation of ammonia (or its surrogates, such as urea, NH 4HCO3, and (NH4)2CO3) and amines with alcohols, including primary and secondary alcohols, was efficiently promoted under anaerobic conditions by the easily prepared and inexpensive supported ruthenium hydroxide catalyst Ru(OH)x/TiO2. Various types of symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted "tertiary" amines could be synthesized by the N-alkylation of ammonia (or its surrogates) and amines with "primary" alcohols. On the other hand, the N-alkylation of ammonia surrogates (i.e., urea and NH 2HCO3) with "secondary" alcohols selectively produced the corresponding symmetrically substituted "secondary" amines, even in the presence of excess amounts of alcohols, which is likely due to the steric hindrance of the secondary alcohols and/or secondary amines produced. Under aerobic conditions, nitriles could be synthesized directly from alcohols and ammonia surrogates . The observed catalysis for the present N-alkylation recations was intrinsically heterogeneous, and the retrieved catalyst could be reused without any significant loss of catalytic performance. The present catalytic transformation would proceed through consecutive N-alkylation reactions, in which alcohols act as alkylating reagents. On the basis of deuterium-labeling experiments, the formation of the ruthenium dihydride species is suggested during the N-alkylation reactions.
- Yamaguchi, Kazuya,He, Jinling,Oishi, Takamichi,Mizuno, Noritaka
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scheme or table
p. 7199 - 7207
(2010/09/05)
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- New deoxygenation method for amine n-oxides using dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride
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A facile and efficient deoxygenation method for various amine N-oxides to their corresponding amines is described. The experimental procedure is quite simple and the products are obtained in excellent yields. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Caliskan, Hafize,Zaim, Oemer
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experimental part
p. 3078 - 3083
(2010/11/04)
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- Ruthenium-catalyzed /V-alkylation of amines and sulfonamides using borrowing hydrogen methodology
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The alkylation of amines by alcohols has been achieved using 0.5 mol percent [Ru(p-cymene)CI2]2 with the bidentate phosphines dppf or DPEphos as the catalyst. Primary amines have been converted into secondary amines, and secondary amines into tertiary amines, including the syntheses of Piribedil, Tripelennamine, and Chlorpheniramine. A/-Heterocyclization reactions of primary amines are reported, as well as alkylation reactions of primary sulfonamides. Secondary alcohols requiremore forcing conditions than primary alcohols but are still effective a lkylating agents in the presence of this catalyst.
- Hamid, M. Haniti S. A.,Allen, C. Liana,Lamb, Gareth W.,Maxwell, Aoife C.,Maytum, Hannah C.,et al.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1766 - 1774
(2009/07/25)
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- C-F bond-cleavage reactions of fluoroalkanes with magnesium reagents and without metal catalysts
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An unexpected C-F bond-cleavage reaction of unactlvated fluoroalkanes with the well-known Grlgnard reagents without using metal catalysts has been discovered. For example, a reaction between 1-fluorooctane and phenyl magnesium chloride gave n-octylbenzene In moderate yield. This coupling reaction via the activation of an unactlvated alkyl carbon-fluorine bond proceeds with phenylmagneslum chloride, whereas methylmagneslum chloride did not give the C-C cross-coupling product but rather a halogen exchange product.
- Matsubara, Kouki,Ishibashi, Tomoka,Koga, Yuji
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supporting information; body text
p. 1765 - 1768
(2009/09/06)
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- A novel strategy for oligopeptide synthesis using a polymer-supported ammonium fluoride
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A novel method for the preparation of oligopeptides with a PS-ammonium fluoride in the solution phase is reported. The synthesis of lipid II pentapeptide is efficiently synthesized via a PS-ammonium fluoride without chromatographic purifications. The method reported here is very convenient to synthesize a relatively large amount of oligopeptides with abundantly available Fmoc-protected amino acids in a time efficient manner.
- Kurosu, Michio,Crick, Dean C.
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p. 5325 - 5328
(2007/10/03)
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- Cyclopentadienyl RuII Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the N-Methylation of Alkylamines by Methanol
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The ruthenium(II) half-sandwich complex [RuCl(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2] (1) catalyses the reaction between methanol and alkylamines RNH2 or R1R2NH to afford RN(CH3)2 and R1R2NCH3 products, respectively. The reaction is quantitative and generally fast, at the methanol reflux temperature, for a wide spectrum of substrates. Starting form primary amines, the stepwise formation of RN=CH2, RNHCH3, and RN(CH3)2 has been observed. Both PPh3 and Cl- dissociation from 1 are key-steps in forming the effective catalytic species. The catalytic activity of several half-sandwich neutral or cationic complexes (2-15) related to 1 is also discussed.
- Zotto, Alessandro Del,Baratta, Walter,Sandri, Mauro,Verardo, Giancarlo,Rigo, Pierluigi
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p. 524 - 529
(2007/10/03)
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- Gas-phase selective N-alkylation of amines with alcohols over γ- alumina
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Gas-phase conditions were successfully used for fine chemistry, in the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols as alkylating agents and γ-alumina as a catalyst. The method is also suitable for chiral compounds.
- Valot, Frederic,Fache, Fabienne,Jacquot, Roland,Spagnol, Michel,Lemaire, Marc
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p. 3689 - 3592
(2007/10/03)
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- Deoxygenation of amine oxides by in situ-generated formic pivalic anhydride
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A novel method for the highly efficient deoxygenation of tertiary and aromatic amine oxides is described. The initial step of the reaction is the O-formylation of the amine oxide by formic pivalic anhydride which is produced in situ. The approach has the advantage of superior convenience in preparation and work-up since all products of the reaction are solids or gases rendering the amine very readily separable.
- Rosenau, Thomas,Potthast, Antje,Ebner, Gerald,Kosma, Paul
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p. 623 - 625
(2007/10/03)
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- Water-Soluble Phosphanes, III. Water-Soluble Primary Phosphanes with Ammonium Groups NR2R' in the Side Chain - Donor-Functionalized Amphiphiles
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Primary and secondary aminoalkylphosphanes R2N-(CH2)m-PH2 (R2 = Me2, nBu2, C5H10, C4H8O, 2-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl); m = 2, 3, 6, 10, 11; 1-6) or 2PH (7, R2 = C5H10; m = 2) are accessible by aminoalkylation of PH3 with ω-chloroalkylamines R2N-(CH2)m-Cl in the superbasic medium DMSO/KOH (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide).By selective N-quaternization of 1, 2, 4-6 with R'I (R' = Me, CnH(2n+1); n = 6-8, 12, 16, 18) in the two-phase system CH2Cl2/H2O novel primary phosphanes (+)I(-) (11-16f) with quaternary ammonium groups in the alkyl chain are obtained.The water solubility of 11-16f decreases with increasing chain length (n) of R'. 11 (R = R' = Me; m = 2) shows a trans conformation at the C2H4 bridge according to an X-ray structural analysis.Protonation of 1, 2, 4, 5 with HCl affords the water-soluble hydrochlorides (+)Cl(-) (19-22).The cationic primary phosphanes 11-16f are stable towards oxygen.By oxidation of 11 with one or two equivalents of H2O2 the primary phosphane oxide (+)I(-) (23) or the phosphonous acid (+)I(-) (23a) are formed.Hofmann degradation of 11 or 16c with KOH yields phosphirane in good yields.Reaction of 1, 2, 4-6 (L) with Fe2(CO)9 at ambient temperature yields stable complexes (CO)4FeL (26-30).Under more rigorous conditions Fe3 clusters (31, 32) with free R2N groups are obtained. - Keywords: Aminoalkylphosphanes, Protonation, Water Solubility, Complexes, Clusters
- Brauer, David J.,Fischer, Joerg,Kucken, Stefan,Langhans, Klaus P.,Stelzer, Othmar,Weferling, Norbert
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p. 1511 - 1524
(2007/10/02)
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- Base-promoted elimination reactions of acetaldehyde N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylhydrazonium salts. A convenient synthesis of N,N-dimethylalkylamines
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The title reaction was utilized for efficient conversion of S(N)2-reactive alkyl halides to the corresponding N,N-dimethylalkylamines.
- Smith,Marcucci,Tingue
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p. 381 - 389
(2007/10/02)
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- RAPID REDUCTIVE-CARBOXYLATION OF SECONDARY AMINES. ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF TERTIARY N-METHYLATED AMINES
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Various tertiary N-methylated amines were synthesized by using a new reductive-carboxylation approach.Secondary amines, on carboxylation with carbon dioxide under moderate reaction conditions, afforded their corresponding carbamate esters, which, on in situ lithium aluminum hydride reduction, gave desired tertiary N-methylated amines in high yield.
- Ram, Siya,Ehrenkaufer, Richard E.
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p. 5367 - 5370
(2007/10/02)
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- SELECTIVE CONVERSION OF PRIMARY AMINES INRO N,N-DIMETHYLALKYL- OR N,N-DIALKYLMETHYL-AMINES WITH METHANOL AND RuCl2(Ph3P)3
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N,N-dimethylalkyl- or N,N-dialkylmethyl-amines are selectively obtained from the reaction between aliphatic amines and methanol at 180 deg C for 7 h in the presence of RuCl2(Ph3P)3 catalyst.
- Arcelli, Antonio,Khai, Bui-The,Porzi, Gianni
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- THE HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYSED SYNTHESIS OF N-METHYLDIALKYLAMINES FROM N-METHYL AND N,N-DIMETHYLALKYLAMIMES
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N-Methyl and N,N-dimethylalkylamines are converted into N-methyldialkylamines in good yields when heated at 180 deg C in the presence of a catalytic amount of RuCl2(Ph3P)3.
- Arcelli, Antonio,Bui-The-Khai,Porzi, Gianni
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p. C31 - C34
(2007/10/02)
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- Certain quaternary ammonium salts used to control gram-negative bacteria
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Quaternary ammonium salts of the formula: STR1 in which R is alkyl of 7 to 16 carbon atoms and X- is a monovalent anion, have interesting germicidal properties, especially against Gram-negative bacteria.
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