- Kinetics study of the SO2 sorption by Brazilian dolomite using thermogravimetry
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Sulfur emission in coal power generation is a matter of great environmental concern. Limestone sorbents are widely used for reducing such emissions. This work applies thermogravimetry to determine apparent activation energy and frequency factor on the sorption of SO2 by limestone. The kinetic parameters were determined from Arrhenius plots generated from TG/DTG measurements. The experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions between 600 and 900 °C. A natural dolomite with a mean size of 650 μm was used. The Arrhenius plot shows that there is a clear change on reaction mechanism in the range of temperatures between 800 and 875 °C. Supposedly, beyond 850 °C sintering comes to increasingly restrain reaction. For temperatures up to 850 °C the frequency factor and the apparent activation energy resulted, respectively, 1.410 s-1 and 8.8 kJ mol-1.
- Crnkovic,Milioli,Pagliuso
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Read Online
- Molten potassium pyrosulphate: Reactions of oxides of ten main-group elements
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The reactions of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, ZnO, CdO, SnO, PbO, Pb3O4 and As2O3 with K2S2O7 were investigated using TG and DTA methods of thermal analysis. The exothermic peaks diagnost
- Salem,Tariq
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Read Online
- Differential thermal study of the interactions between sulphates, oxides and ferrites
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The solid state interactions in the ZnSO4.7H2O-MeO (Me = Cd, Pb, Ca, Mg) and CuSO4.5H2O-MeO (Me = Zn, Cd, Pb, Ca, Mg) systems, sulphate-ferrite systems, double sulphate systems and triple system FeSO4
- Boyanov
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- Solvent-assisted construction of diverse Mg-TDC coordination polymers
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Upon alteration of selected solvents, the reactions of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H2TDC) and Mg(NO3)2·6H2O afforded four diverse coordination polymers, namely Mg2(TDC)2(EG)2.5·0.5EG (1), Mg(TDC)(DMSO) (2), (Me2NH2)[Mg2(TDC)2(Ac)]·1.5DMA·0.5H2O (3), and [Mg2(TDC)2(DMF)2(EtOH)(H2O)2]·DMF (4) (EG = ethylene glycol, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide, Ac = acetate anion, DMA = N,N′-dimethylacetamide, DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide, EtOH = ethanol). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that compounds 1-3 possessed a three-dimensional (3D) network while 4 adopted a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure. Noticeably, the coordinated solvent molecules adopt distinct coordination modes which play a vital role in constructing the Mg-TDC structures. In 1, the solvent EG molecules as bi-dentate bridging ligands help in interconnecting the Mg-TDC layers to a 3D framework, whereas the solvent DMSO molecules in 2 and the Ac- anions generated from decomposition of DMA in 3 are coordinated in a μ2-fashion and in a (k2-k2)-μ3 mode, respectively, leading to infinite chains as secondary building units. In the layered structure of 4, the collaboration of coordinated DMF, EtOH and H2O molecules assists in inducing the noncentrosymmetric structure. The compounds were fully characterized by PXRD, TGA, EA, and IR. The luminescence properties of 1-3 and the second-harmonic generation (SHG) properties of 4 were studied. 3 emitted bright green light upon the excitation of 365 nm UV light, while 4 displayed sound SHG response.
- Song, Ying,Feng, Mei-Ling,Wu, Zhao-Feng,Huang, Xiao-Ying
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- Temperature dependence of electric permittivity of linear dielectrics with ionic and polar covalent bonds
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Results are presented of experimental verification of the relation describing temperature dependence of permittivity of linear dielectrics with ionic and polar covalent bonds. The relation has been derived by means of the thermodynamic method [1]. The verification has been realized on sodium chloride, sulfates, phosphates and arsenates of magnesium and cobalt, as well on barium titanate in paraelectric phase. The experimental results confirm the theoretical relation and, at the same time, indicate the possibility of determining the linearity region of properties of these dielectrics.
- Napijalo,Nikolic,Dojcilovic,Napijalo,Novakovic
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- A novel method of non-violent dissolution of sodium metal in a concentrated aqueous solution of Epsom salt
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A new technique of non-violent and fast dissolution of sodium metal in a concentrated aqueous solution of Epsom salt (MgSO4.7H2O) at room temperature (RT) has been developed. The dissolution process is mildly exothermic but could be carried out even in a glass beaker in air under swift stirring condition. The reaction products consist of mixed salts of MgSO 4 and Na2SO4 as well as Mg(OH)2 which are only mildly alkaline and hence are non-corrosive and non-hazardous unlike NaOH. A 50mL solution having Epsom salt concentration of 2M was found to give the optimal composition for disposal of 1g of sodium. Supersaturated (>2.7M), as well as dilute (a solid waste of 4.7g per g of sodium dissolved which is comparable with the waste (4g) produced in 8M NaOH solution. A 1.4M Epsom solution sprayed with a high-pressure jet cleaner at RT in air easily removed the sodium blocked inside a metal pipe made of mild steel. The above jet also dissolved peacefully residual sodium collected on the metal tray after a sodium fire experiment. No sodium fire or explosion was observed during this campaign. The Epsom solution spray effectively neutralized the minor quantity of sodium aerosol produced during this campaign. This novel technique would hence be quite useful for draining sodium from fast breeder reactor components and bulk processing of sodium as well as for sodium fire fighting.
- Lakshmanan,Prasad,Ponraju,Krishnan
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- Kinetic model for the reaction of ilmenite with sulphuric acid
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The kinetic of the reaction ilmenite with sulphuric acid was studied using non-adiabatic and non-iso-thermic calorimetric device system. The kinetic model based on interphase surface and kinetic models round in literature which are usually applied were te
- Jablonski,Przepiera
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- THREE-DIMENSIONAL CROSSLINKER COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRONIC DEVICES USING THE SAME
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The inventive concept relates to a three-dimensional crosslinker composition and a method of manufacturing an electronic device using the same. According to the inventive concept, the three-dimensional crosslinker composition may be represented by Formula 1 below.
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- Kinetics of the topochemical reaction of the solid solutions of magnesia spinels: Mg(Cr0.5Fe0.5)2O4, Mg(Al0.5Cr0.5)2O4, Mg(Al0.5Fe0.5)2O4 with sulphur oxides
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Spinel-containing materials belong to an important group of refractories used as high-temperature unit linings. A crucial element of the conditions in which they are used is gaseous corrosion caused by sulphur oxides: SO2 and SO3. In previous investigations into reactions of magnesia spinels with sulphur oxides it was found that spinels’ reactivity could be considerably influenced by a phase transition (order – disorder) in the cation sublattice, resulting in a change of their reactivity in relation to SO2/SO3. The aim of the study was to investigate the kinetics of topochemical reactions between equimolar solid solutions of magnesia spinels and sulphur oxides before and after the order – disorder phase transformation in the structure begins. Research into the reaction of equimolar solid solutions Mg(Cr0.5Fe0.5)2O4, Mg(Al0.5Cr0.5)2O4, Mg(Al0.5Fe0.5)2O4 with SO3 was undertaken due to the fact that spinels form solid solutions in basic refractories. To conduct kinetic measurements, a semi-flow reactor was designed and constructed, in which investigations were carried out at the temperatures of 773 and 973 K and time range: 0–7 h. A mixture of air and SO2 (13%) was used. The obtained results have been compared with the kinetic results from the previous work obtained on two-cation spinels: MgAl2O4, MgFe2O4, MgCr2O4. The influence of the degree of inversion in spinel structure on the kinetics of the process was discussed.
- Gerle, Anna,Piotrowski, Jerzy,Podwórny, Jacek
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- COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME
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The present disclosure relates to a compound represented by Formula 1 and an organic light-emitting device including the same. The compound represented by Formula 1 has excellent stability and is suitable as an electron transporting material. An organic light-emitting device using the compound of Formula 1 may have high efficiency, low voltage, high luminance, and long lifespan.
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- HEPATITIS C VIRUS NS3 PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to macrocyclic compounds of Formula (I) that are useful as inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease, their synthesis, and their use for treating or preventing HCV infections.
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- PHOTOCHROMIC COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS
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Described herein are compounds generally comprising an indeno[2′,3′:3,4]naptho[1,2-b]pyran structure. Such compounds may be useful for their photochromic properties, and be used in certain photochromic compositions. Such compositions may further comprise other photochromic compositions and/or materials. Additionally, such compounds and/or compositions may be suitable for preparing certain photochromic articles.
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- METHODS FOR TREATING HCV
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This invention relates to combinations of therapeutic molecules useful for treating hepatitis C virus infection. The present invention relates to methods, uses, dosing regimens, and compositions.
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- Preparation and formation mechanism of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) MgO, MgSO4, CaCO3, and SrCO 3, and photonic stop band properties of 3DOM CaCO3
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Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) magnesium (Mg) oxide (MgO), MgSO4, calcium (Ca) carbonate (CaCO3), and strontium (Sr) carbonate (SrCO3) were prepared using a colloidal crystal of polymer spheres as a template. Ethanol or ethanol-water solution of metal salts (acetate or nitrate) and citric acid was infiltrated into the void of the colloidal crystal template of a monodispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sphere. Heating of this PMMA-metal salt-citric acid composite produced the desired well-ordered 3DOM materials with a high pore fraction, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectra. The presence of citric acid is crucial for production of the 3DOM structures. Reaction of citric acid with metal salt produces metal citrate solid in the void of PMMA spheres, which is necessary to maintain the 3DOM structure during the calcination process. 3DOM CaCO3 shows opalescent colors because of it's photonic stop band properties.
- Sadakane, Masahiro,Kato, Rika,Murayama, Toru,Ueda, Wataru
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p. 2299 - 2305
(2011/10/18)
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- Synthesis, vibrational spectra, and structure of divalent metal peroxodisulfates
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Simple strontium peroxodisulfate SrS2O8 ? 4H2O was synthesized by the reaction of solid Sr(OH)2 ? 8H2O taken in 30% excess with an aqueous solution of (NH 4)2S2O8
- Skogareva,Minaeva,Filippova
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p. 1341 - 1349
(2009/12/01)
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- Dichroic dye, composition thereof, and liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element containing the same
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Dichroic dyes, dichroic dye compositions, and liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element containing the dichroic dyes. The dichroic dye has increased solubility and stability.
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- Metallocene compounds and their use for olefin polymerization
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The present invention relates to a metallocene compound and the olefin polymerization using the same, particularly to a metallocene compound and the olefin polymerization using this compound on which supported catalysts are easily prepared by the reaction of the ligand containing —(CR12)a—O—SiRbYcligand (wherein each Y, which can be the same as or different from other Y, is a hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy, aryloxy, amide, or silyloxy radical, each R1, which can be the same as or different from other R1, is a hydrogen radical, or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, or arylalkenyl radical having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, each R, which can be the same as or different from other R, is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, or arylalkenyl radical having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, a is an integral number from 1 to 40, c is 1, 2, or 3, and the sum of b and c is 3) with a support. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a supported metallocene catalyst using this metallocene compound and the olefin polymerization using the same. The metallocene compounds in this invention have superior characteristics in the preparation of supported catalyst due to the high reactivity with the support and minimal side reactions during the anchoring process. In addition, the olefin polymerization process employing the supported catalyst in this invention proceeds without fouling in the reactor, and the morphology and bulk density of the polymer produced are better than that produced by the conventional method.
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- Ionic aqueous composition containing levomenthol
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A composition for relieving a sensation of respiratory discomfort and/or for promoting natural regeneration of mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. The composition contains levomenthol at a concentration between 10 and 250 mg/l, dissolved in an aqueous ionic solution having an osmolarity at least equal to that of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride at 9 g/l. The aqueous ionic solution is pure sea water, diluted sea water, an aqueous sodium chloride solution, an aqueous sodium chloride solution further containing at least one salt found in sea water, or a mixture thereof.
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- Thromboxane ligands without blood clotting side effects
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A method of treating ocular hypotension, hypertension, hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, coronary contraction, cerebrovascular contraction after subarachnoidal hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and asthma which comprises administering to a mammal suffering therefrom a therapeutically effective amount of a thromboxane ligand which is a compound formula I, wherein Y is (CH2)x; Z is selected from the group consisting of O, OCH2, and (CR2)x, x is an integer of 1 or 2; n is 0 or 1; R2is hydrogen or an alkyl radical of from 1 to 4 carbons; A is an alkylene or alkenylene radical having from two to seven carbon atoms, which radical may be substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, alkyloxy or alkylcarboxy groups or said alkylene or alkenylene may have one or more enchained oxa or imino radicals; B is a methyl radical or a cycloalkyl radical having from three to seven carbon atoms, or an aryl radical, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl aryl and heteroaryl radicals wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms, or substituted derivatives of said methyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radicals wherein said substituent is selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, amino, thiol, hydroxy, alkyloxy and alkylcarboxy; and X is selected from the group consisting of nitro, cyano, —COOR, —CH2OR1, —C(O)N(R1)2, —CH2N(R1)2—CH═N—OH and —CH2SR1radicals wherein R is a C1to C10alkyl, phenyl or benzyl and R1is R or hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
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- Phencyclidine derivatives, preparation method and pharmaceutical compositions containing same
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The invention concerns novel phenylcyclidine derivatives with selective affinity for low affinity receptors, methods for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as protective agents for central or peripheral nervous system cells against acute or chronic degeneration, or as an anticonvulsant.
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- Imidazopyridines and related derivatives as selective modulators of bradykinin B2 receptors
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Disclosed are compounds of the formula: or the pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salts thereof wherein A, B, C, D, Y, R1, R3, R4, R5, and R6are variables defined herein, which compounds are modulators of Bradykinin B2receptors. These compounds are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, heart failure, hypertension, Meniere's disease, vaginal inflammation and pain, peripheral circulatory disorders, climacteric disturbance, retinochoroidal circulatory disorders, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, postmyocardial infarction syndrome, angina pectoris, restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, ileus, diabetes, diabetic complications, male infertility, glaucoma, pain, asthma, and rhinitis and for the increase of permeability of the blood-brain barrier or the blood-brain-tumor barrier.
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- Formation of MgSO4-Al2(SO4)3 Solid Solution and Thermal decomposition into the Spinel Solid Solution
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Solid solution of MgSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 was prepared from mixed aqueous solutions by rapid dry using micro-wave heating. The Mg(2+) ion is solubleinto the anhydrous aluminium sulfate crystal lattice over a wide range up to near the equimolar composition of MgSO4 and Al2(SO4)3. The anhydro us aluminium sulfate solid solution, at first, thermally decompose into the mixture of η-Al2O3 and MgSO4. The crystalline spinel phase appears at the second step of the thermal decomposition. The lattice parameters of the spinel changes linearly with the Mg content ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 at the fraction of MgAl2O4/(MgAl2O4+Al2O3). The produced nonstoichiometric spinel solid solutions must be metastable because the stable region of the composition of the spinel solid solutions is very narrow at the heating temperature employed to the thermal decomposition.
- Daimon, Keiji,Hayashi, Kazuki,Matsubara, Takashi,Hikichi, Yasuo,Ota, Toshitaka
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- Substituted intermediate compounds for the preparation of n-[(aminoiminomethyl or aminomethyl)phenyl]propyl amides
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Compounds of the formula:
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- Compositions for the treatment of migraine, containing potassium, magnesium and pyridoxine
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PCT No. PCT/GB97/00213 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 21, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 21, 1998 PCT Filed Jan. 24, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/26897 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 31, 1997Compositions for the treatment and prevention of migraine or stress headaches wherein there is supplied a combination of potassium, magnesium and pyridoxine optionally in association with other nutrients and/or simple analgesics.
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- Heterocyclic compounds
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The invention relates to compound of general formula (I): STR1 wherein: Z represents O or CH 2n is from 0 to 4R, X and Y are as defined in the description, andA represents STR2 wherein R 1, R 2, R 6, R 7 and T'' are as defined in the description,and medicinal products containing the same are useful in treating or in preventing melatoninergic disorders.
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- Thromboxane ligands without blood clotting side effects
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A method of treating ocular hypotension, hypertension, hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, coronary contraction, cerebrovascular contraction after subarachnoidal hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and asthma which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a thromboxane ligand which is a compound of formula I, STR1 wherein Y is (CH2)x ; Z is selected from the group consisting of STR2 x is an integer of 1 or 2; R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical of from 1 to 4 carbons, A is an alkylene or alkenylene radical having from two to seven carbon atoms, which radical may be substituted or said alkylene or alkenylene may have one or more enchained oxo or imino radicals; B is a methyl radical, a cycloalkyl radical, or an aryl radical, or substituted derivatives of said methyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radicals and X is selected from the group consisting of nitro, cyano, --COOR, --CH2 OR1, --C(O)N(R1)2, --CH2 N(R1)2 --CH=N--OH and --CH2 SR1 radicals wherein R is a C1 to C10 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl and R1 is R or hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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- Thromboxane ligands without blood clotting side effects
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A method of treating ocular hypotension, hypertension, hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, coronary contraction, cerebrovascular contraction after subarachnoidal hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and asthma which comprises administering to a mammal suffering therefrom a therapeutically effective amount of a thromboxane ligand which is a compound formula I, STR1 wherein A, B, X, Y, and Z are defined in the specification.
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- 7-[carboxyalkyl or alkenyl]-6-[alkyl or alkenyl]3-oxo-2,4-dioxobicyclo-[3.2.1] octane and derivatives thereof
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The present invention relates to 7-[carboxyalkyl or alkenyl]-6-[alkyl or alkenyl]-3-oxo-2,4-dioxobicyclo[3.2.1 ] octanes and derivatives thereof. In particular, hydroxyl, nitro, amino, amido, azido, oxime, thiol, ether and thiol ether derivatives of said carboxy group are contemplated. In particular, 7-[6-carboxy-2-hexenyl]-6-[3-hydroxy-1-octenyl] of 3-oxo-2,4-dioxobicyclo-[3.2.1] octane and derivatives thereof are disclosed. These compounds are useful as ocular hypotensives and as (a) thromboxane mimetics for the prevention of hemorrhaging as follows:, during surgery; tooth extraction; hemorrhaging associated with gastro-intestinal diseases and conditions such as hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel diseases and gastric and peptic ulcers; as a result of stroke; as a complication in retinal diseases resulting in impaired vision and associated with menstruation, childbirth and uterine dysfunction and (b) selective vasoconstrictors for treating systemic hypotension, e.g. in restoring normal blood pressure in hemorrhagic, anaphylactic, or septic shock victims; to provide local anti-inflammatory effects in the eye, skin and nose; to limit plasma exudation in burns, etc. and optimizing blood born delivery of drugs and diagnostics in encapsulating vehicles.
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- Method for removing transesterification catalyst from polyether polyols
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An improved method for recovering purified poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol or similar polyether polyol from an aqueous solution of polymer containing an alkaline metal catalyst residue involving the addition of a stoichiometric excess of magnesium sulfate or sulfite followed by evaporation of water and separation of molten polymer from precipitated solid phase (i.e., from magnesium hydroxide, alkaline metal sulfate/sulfite, and excess magnesium sulfate/sulfite). Such a process results in essentially complete removal of any basic transesterification catalyst and water without significant lost of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol or the like.
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- N-SUBSTITUTED N'-HETEROBICYCLIC PIPERAZINES HAVING PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVITY
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New N-substituted N'-heterobicyclic piperazines corresponding to the general formula I: STR1 wherein: R represents: STR2 D represents a single bond, except when R represents naphthyl, or a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 8 carbon atoms inclusive which is straight-chain or branched by a gem-dimethyl; andA-B represents:--(CH 2) 2--O--,--(CH 2) 3--O--, or--CO--CH=CH--, as well as their possible stereoisomers, epimers, and pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts thereof; and medicinal products containing the same, useful in the treatment of a disorder requiring a 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist.
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- Hydroquinone derivative
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Novel hydroquinone derivatives of the formulae (I) and (II), STR1 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, STR2 wherein each of R2 to R5 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group provided that at least one of R2 to R5 is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R6 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carbon atoms. as compounds having antioxidant activity and tumor incidence inhibiting activity, and an antioxidant and a tumor incidence inhibitor containing, as an active ingredient, a hydroquinone derivative of the formula (III), STR3 wherein each of R7 to R10 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R11 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carbon atoms, and/or a salt thereof.
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- Hydroquinone derivatives and antioxidants and tumor inhibitors containing them
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Novel hydroquinone derivatives of the formulae (I) and (II), wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, wherein each of R2 to R5 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group provided that at least one of R2 to R5 is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R6 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carbon atoms., as compounds having antioxidant activity and tumor incidence inhibiting activity, and an antioxidant and a tumor incidence inhibitor containing, as an active ingredient, a hydroquinone derivative of the formula (III), wherein each of R7 to R10 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R11 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carbon atoms,and/or a salt thereof.
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- Process for the preparation of 2-aryl-1,3-propanediols
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Process for the production of 2-aryl-1,3-propanediols from a tropate ester and novel intermediate compounds produced thereby.
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- Process for the preparation of 2-aryl-1,3-propanediols
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Process for the production of 2-aryl-1,3-propanediols and novel intermediate compounds produced thereby.
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- Ion-selective electrodes
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An ion-selective polymeric membrane for an electrochemical sensor for use in analytical chemistry, comprising a) a supporting matrix e.g. of PVC, and b) an ionophore selected from calixarene or oxacalixarene, derivatives of the formula IV wherein, n + m = 3 - 8;, m = 0 - 8;, n = 0 - 8;, a, which may be the same or different on each aryl group, is 0 or 1;, R2 is alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryloxy, alicyclic, alkylthio, arylthio, alkarylthio, or a substituted derivative thereof;, R3 is -H, alkyl or alkenyl;, X is -OH or a group containing an acrylate or methacrylate functional group;, provided that when X is -OH, n is at least ? (n + m);, and provided that when m = 0, n = 4, a = 0 and R3 is alkyl or allyl, R2 is not alkoxy having 4 or more carbon atoms in the alkyl group;, and provided that when m = 0, n = 4, a = 0 and R3 is t-butyl, R2 is not methoxy or ethoxy;, or of the formula V wherein R4 is alkyl;, or polymers of those compounds of the formula IV in which X is a group containing an acrylate or methacrylate group. New compounds in which R2 is -SCH2CH3 are described. Selectivity coefficients and slope measurements are given for the ionophores in PVC electrodes which are selective for sodium, potassium and caesium.
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- Hydrophobic cis-platinum complexes efficiently incorporated into liposomes
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The present invention involves the synthesis and use of new platinum compounds. These new platinum compounds are easy to encapsulate in liposomes at high efficiencies. They are further characterized as platinum (II) four coordinate complex having the formula: STR1 wherein R1 and R2 are carboxylato monoanions bearing a hydrophobic radical function or a single carboxylato dianion bearing a hydrophobic radical function and R3 is a vicinal diaminoalkane or vicinal diaminocycloalkane. The complex is substantially soluble in methanol or chloroform and substantially insoluble in water. Said complex may be incorporated into phospholipid liposomes. Such platinum complexes encapsulated in phospholipid liposomes are useful for chemotherapy of platinum complex-sensitive tumors.
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- Pharmaceutical formulations for parenteral use
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Aqueous parenteral solutions of drugs which are insoluble or only sparingly soluble in water and/or which are unstable in water, combined with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, provide a means for alleviating problems associated with drug precipitation at the injection site and/or in the lungs or other organs following parenteral administration.
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- Pharmaceutical formulations for parenteral use
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Aqueous parenteral solutions of drugs which are insoluble or only sparingly soluble in water and/or which are unstable in water, combined with cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl, hydroxyethyl, glucosyl, maltosyl and maltotriosyl derivatives of β- and γ-cyclodextrin, provide a means for alleviating problems associated with drug precipitation at the injection site and/or in the lungs or other organs following parenteral administration.
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- Redox systems for brain-targeted drug delivery
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Inclusion complexes of hydroxypropyl, hydroxyethyl, glucosyl, maltosyl and maltotriosyl derivatives of β- and γ-cyclodextrin with the reduced, biooxidizable, blood-brain barrier penetrating, lipoidal forms of dihydropyridine pyridinium salt redox systems for brain-targeted drug delivery provide a means for stabilizing the redox systems, particularly against oxidation. The redox inclusion complexes also provide a means for decreasing initial drug concentrations in the lungs after administration of the systems, leading to decreased toxicity. In selected instances, complexation results in substantially improved water solubility of the redox systems as well.
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- COMPOUNDS
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Compounds of formula (I) or a tautomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, wherein: A1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclyl group; R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an aralkyl group, wherein the aryl moiety may be substituted or unsubstituted, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R2 and R3 each represent hydrogen, or R2 and R3 together represent a bond; A2 represents a benzene ring having in total up to five substituents; and n represents an integer in the range of from 2 to 6; pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds and compositions in medicine
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- Process for the production of carboxylic acid esters
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Carboxylic acid esters are produced by reacting (i) carbon monoxide, (ii) a compound of the formula M(OR)x wherein M is either boron, silicon, aluminum, titanium or zirconium, x is the valency of M and R is a hydrocarbyl group and (iii) a hydrocarbyl halide, wherein the halide moiety is bromide, chloride or iodide, in the presence of a catalyst comprising one or more of the metals rhodium, iridium and cobalt in either elemental or compound form. When M is boron, silicon or aluminum and the halide moiety is chloride, there is preferably added a source of iodide.
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- BENZOFUSED LACTAMS AS CHOLECYSTOKININ ANTAGONISTS
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Benzofused lactams and their use as antagonists of cholecystokinin are disclosed.
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- BENZOFUSED LACTAMS USEFUL AS CHOLECYSTOKININ ANTAGONISTS
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Benzofused lactams and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof which are useful as cholecystokinin antagonists.
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- Piperazine-substituted aryl and aralkyl carboxylic acids useful for treating infirmaties caused by excess lipids or thrombocyte
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The present invention is concerned with new carboxylic acid derivatives, with processes for the preparation thereof and with pharmaceutical compositions for lipid depression and thrombocyte aggregation, containing them, and to methods for treating infirmaties caused by excess lipids or thrombocyte aggregation. The new carboxylic acid derivatives according to the present invention are compounds of the general formula: STR1 wherein A is a valency bond or a lower alkylene chain, B is a valency bond or a saturated or unsaturated lower alkylene chain, R is hydrogen, an alkyl group which can be substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulphonic acid or optionally substituted phenoxy group, or R is an aralkyl radical, the aryl moiety of which can be substituted and the alkyl moiety of which is optionally unsaturated and can contain up to 4 carbon atoms, or R is a phenacyl radical, the phenyl moiety optionally substituted, or R is an acyl radical derived from aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic carboxylic or sulphonic acid, or R is an aryl radical optionally substituted with the proviso that when A is a valency bond, R cannot be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, benzyl or phenyl, and the physiologically acceptable salts, esters and amides thereof.
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- Chromans and chromenes, compositions and hypertensive method
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Compounds of formula (I): STR1 a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof having anti-hypertensive activity, a process for their preparation and their use as pharmaceuticals.
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- LABORATORY SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF THE Mg-S-I CYCLE FOR THERMOCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
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The Mg-S-I water splitting cycle was demonstrated on a laboratory scale by constructing an apparatus for repeated operations of chemical reactions of the whole cycle and by the circulation of reactants through purely thermochemical proceses below 1000 deg C.Electric furnaces and quartz glass reactors were used.Sixteen times of cycle operations were performed in 16 h with production rates of 0.3 liter H2/h and 0.15 liter O2/h.
- Kumagai, Toshiya,Mizuta, Susumu
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p. 679 - 682
(2007/10/02)
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- THERMOCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY THE MAGNESIUM-SULFUR-IODINE CYCLE
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A new thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production is presented.It consists of (i) redox reaction of sulfur dioxide and iodine with magnesium oxide in an aquenous solution, (ii) hydrolysis of magnesium iodide, (iii) thermal decomposition of magnesium sulfate and (iv) thermal dissociation of hydrogen iodide.Key reaction (i) and (ii) were experimentally verified.
- Mizuta, Susuma,Kumagai, Toshiya
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