- Tris(polyoxaalkyl)amines (Trident), a New Class of Solid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysts
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A new class of solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysts has been prepared.These tris(polyoxaalkyl)amines (I) are designed to obtain the best balance between straightforward synthesis (cheap starting materials), high activity, easy recovery, and low toxicity.The catalysts are synthesized from ethylene glycols by a simple one-step method in yields in the range of 65-81percent.They show high catalytic effects in aliphatic nucleophic substitutions and aromatic nucleophilic substitutions on activated and unactivated molecules.In the Ullman synthesis (a new PTC reaction) there is a synergic effect of anionic activation by tridents and by copper salts.Reactions have been carried out at temperatures up to 180 deg C without evidence of decomposition of the tris(polyoxaalkyl)amines. The behavior and catalytic activity of these catalysts are discussed.
- Soula, Gerard
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p. 3717 - 3721
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the disproportionation of silanes
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Silane, SiH4, and diochlorosilane, particularly suitable for the preparation of silicon are readily obtained by disproportionating trichlorosilane to dichlorosilane and, ultimately silane by reacting: (a) a silane containing at least one Si-H bond, of the general formula Rn Hm SiX4-(n+m) wherein R represents an alkyl or aryl group, x represents a halogen or an alkoxy group, n is an integer equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3 and m is an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3, and (b) a catalyst system comprising an ionic inorganic salt of the formula M+ A- and a compound capable of at least partially dissociating the salt by complexing its cation M+.
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- Process for the preparation of tris-(ether-amines) and the tris-(ether-amines) produced
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A process of preparing tris-(ether-amines) of the formula: in which R represents a hydrocarbon radical, A and B represent alkanediyl radicals, and n is a whole number between zero and 4, by ammonolysis of an alkylene glycol mono-ether of the formula: in the presence of 10 to 40 percent by weight of a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation catalyst, based on weight of said alkylene glycol monoether. The tris-(ether-amines) produced, such as tris-(3,6-dioxa-octyl)amine, tris-(3,6,9-trioxaundecyl)amine, tris-(3,6-dioxaheptyl)amine, and tris-(3,6-dioxadecyl)amine.
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