- Ag2CdI4: Synthesis, characterization and investigation the strain lattice and grain size
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In this work the Ag2CdI4 nanostructures have been synthesized via a solid state reaction from reaction of AgI and CdI2 as precursors. The effect of the mole ratio of precursors, time and temperature of reaction has been optimized to achieve the best product on morphology and purity. Nanostructures have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman (FT-IR) techniques, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UVvis). The XRD patterns of nanostructures have been used to estimate the grain sizes and strain lattice. Grain size of nanostructures is in range of 5–17 nm and the strain of lattice is changed in range of 0.0024–0.014. The band gap of these nanostructures has been estimated by DRS spectrum about 5.4 eV. Raman spectroscopy has been confirmed the XRD results and show that the Ag2CdI4 nanostructures have been synthesized. SEM and TEM images have been used for investigation of morphology of product. Results show that the best morphology and purity have been achieved in 12 h and 200 °C in 1:1 mol ratio of precursors.
- Ghanbari, Mojgan,Gholamrezaei, Sousan,Salavati-Niasari, Masoud
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- Simple synthesis-controlled fabrication of thallium cadmium iodide nanostructures via a novel route and photocatalytic investigation in degradation of toxic dyes
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The present work focused on the synthesis and characterization of TlCdI3nanostructures through a new mechanical mixture of the reactants method for the first time. In this work, thallium nitrate, cadmium nitrate and lithium iodide were chosen as starting reagents. The preparation of CdI2and TlI for synthesis of TlCdI3were performed at ambient condition. The morphology, phase structure, and phase purity of TlCdI3can be controlled by the TlI:CdI2ratio and also adjusting type of surfactant. In our experimental conditions, the ideal ratios between TlI:CdI2was 1:1, Also the ideal surfactant was SDS. The nanostructures were characterized by using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS and FT-IR. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized products has been compared in the photodegradation activity of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB).
- Ghanbari, Mojgan,Ansari, Fatemeh,Salavati-Niasari, Masoud
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- PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND THERMOLUMINESCENCE OF 4H-CdI2.
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Photoluminescence (PL) spectra between 1. 8 and 3. 5 eV in the temperature range 9-215 K and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra between 9 and 150 K of 4H-CdI//2 are reported. At low temperature the PL is due mainly to self-trapped excitons composed of I 5p s
- Ronda,Van Der Meer,Van Heuzen,Haas
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- Simple synthesis, characterization of cadmium bismuth iodide nanostructure and its visible-light-induced photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes
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Pollutants such as dyes, detergents, agro wastes, inorganic substances, pesticides and herbicides, etc. are the main reason for water pollution. Many toxic organic contaminants in wastewater have been degraded through photocatalysis. So, nowadays researchers have been working for the removal and degradation of organic pollutants using some metal iodides as a photocatalyst. Present work comprises the synthesis of Cadmium Bismuth Iodide photocatalyst and its precursors through simple precipitation method and solid-state reaction. Cadmium Bismuth Iodide characterizes through XRD, FESEM, EDX UV-Vis analysis. Comparative photocatalytic degradation of Azure-A and Toluidine blue was studied using an as-prepared catalyst. The impact of several factors like pH, the concentration of Azure-A and Toluidine blue dyes, amount of Cadmium Bismuth Iodide and irradiation time were examined. Increment in the reaction rate of both dyes was monitored with the help of a spectrophotometer. A tentative mechanism has been proposed for photocatalytic decomposition of both dyes.
- Bhardwaj, Shipra,Intodia, Kumud,Samota, Jayanti,Sharma, Suraj
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p. 286 - 292
(2020/07/03)
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- Revealing the structural chemistry of the group 12 halide coordination compounds with 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline
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The coordination compounds of group 12 halides with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2[CdF2(bpy)2]·7H2O (1), [ZnI(bpy)2]+·I3 ? (2), [CdI2(bpy)2] (3), [Cd(SiF6)H2O(phen)2]·[Cd(H2O)2(phen)2]2+·F–·0.5(SiF6)2–·9H2O (4), [Hg(phen)3]2+·(SiF6)2–·5H2O (5), [ZnBr2(phen)2] (6), 6[Zn(phen)3]2+·12Br–·26H2O (7) and [ZnI(phen)2]+·I– (8), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis. Structural investigations revealed that metal : ligand stoichiometry in the inner coordination sphere is 1 : 2 or 1 : 3. A diversity of intra- and intermolecular interactions exists in structures of 1–8, including the rare halogen?halogen and halogen?π interactions. The thermal and spectroscopic properties were correlated with the molecular structures of 1–8. Structural review of all currently known coordination compounds of group 12 halides with bpy and phen is presented.
- Swiatkowski, Marcin,Kruszynski, Rafal
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p. 642 - 675
(2017/02/05)
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- Investigation on the thermal decomposition some heterodinuclear Ni II-MII complexes prepared from ONNO type reduced Schiff base compounds (M II=ZnII, CdII)
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N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (LH2), N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-2,2'-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (LDMH2), N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine (LOH3), N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyacetophenylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (LACH2) and N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyacetophenone)-2,2'-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (LACDMH 2) were synthesized and reduced to their phenol-amine form in alcoholic media using NaBH4 (LHH2, LDM HH2, LOHHH2, LACHH 2 and LACDMHH2). Heterodinuclear complexes were synthesized using Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) salts, according to the template method in DMF media. The complex structures were analyzed using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. Suitable crystals of only one complex were obtained and its structure determined using X-ray diffraction, NiLACH?CdBr2?DMF2, space group orthorhombic, Pbca, a=20.249, b=14.881, c=20.565 A and Z=8. The heterodinuclear complexes were seen to be of [Ni?ligand?MX 2?DMF2] structure (ligand=LH2-, LDM H2-, LOHH2-, LACH2-, LACDMH2-, M=ZnII, CdII, X=Br-, I-). Thermogravimetric analysis showed irreversible bond breakage of the coordinatively bonded DMF molecules followed by decomposition at this temperature.
- Aksu,Durmus,Sari,Emreguel,Svoboda,Fuess,Atakol
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p. 541 - 547
(2008/10/09)
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- Synthesis, characterization and calorimetric study of zinc group halide adducts with aniline
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The adducts ZnCl2·2an, ZnBr2·1.5an, CdCl2·2an, CdBr2·2an, CdI2·2an, HgCl2·2an and HgBr2·2an (where an = aniline) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrare
- da Silva Jr., Umberto G.,de Oliveira, ótom A.,de Farias, Robson F.
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- Cadmium(II) complexes of 1,2-di(imino-4′-antipyrinyl)ethane
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Cadmium(II) complexes of the Schiff base 1,2-di(imino-4′-antipyrinyl) ethane (GA) having general formulae [Cd(GA)]X2; (X = NO 3-, ClO4-) and [Cd(GA)X 2]; (X = Cl- Br- or I-) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductance in non-aqueous solvents, infrared and electronic spectra as well as thermogravimetric analysis. In all these complexes, GA acts as a neutral tetradentate ligand coordinating through both the carbonyl oxygens and both the azomethine nitrogens. Both the anions are coordinated in the halide complexes while these remain as counter ions in the perchlorate and nitrate complexes. Thermal decomposition behavior of the nitrate complex indicates that it is stable up to 234°C and undergoes a three-stage decomposition pattern yielding the anhydrous Cadmium(II) oxide as the final residue. Copyright
- Deepa,Madhu,Radhakrishnan
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p. 883 - 888
(2008/10/09)
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- Second harmonic generation in boracites
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The M3B7O13X (M=Mg, Ni, Cd; X=Cl, Br, I) boracites were synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffraction and second harmonic generation. Their nonlinear optical susceptibility was estimated using the Phillips-Van Vechten
- Zagudailova,Plachinda,Berdonosov,Stefanovich,Dolgikh
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p. 393 - 396
(2008/10/09)
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- Thermal decomposition kinetics of some aniline complexes of zinc group metals
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The kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition of aniline complexes of zinc group metals have been studied using non-isothermal thermogravimetry. Kinetic parameters have been calculated for each of the decomposition stages using the Coats-Redfern equation. The mechanisms of the reactions have also been found out, and the rate controlling processes are found to be either random nucleation with the formation of one nucleus on each particle (Mampel equation) or phase boundary reaction with cylindrical symmetry or spherical symmetry.
- Sikha,Indrasenan
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p. 1393 - 1402
(2007/10/03)
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- Details of Interaction of Metallic Cadmium with Ammonium Iodide
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The details of metallic cadmium interaction with ammonium iodide are studied. The temperature dependence of the reaction rate is determined. The reaction products are identified by X-ray diffraction, DTA, TG, and IR spectroscopy. A liquidus-solidus diagram for CdI2-NH4I mixtures is constructed.
- Goryacheva,Smirnov
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p. 1494 - 1498
(2008/10/08)
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- Disupersilylmetals (tBu3Si)2M and supersilylmetal halides tBu3SiMX with M = Zn, Cd, Hg: Syntheses, properties, structures [1]
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Disupersilylmetals (tBu3Si)2Zn (colorless), (tBu3Si)2Cd (light yellow), (tBu3Si)2Hg (light yellow), and supersilylmetal halides tBu3SiZnCl(THF) (colorless), tBu3SiCdI (colorless), tBu3SiHgCl (colorless) are obtained in THF by the action of tBu3SiNa on ZnCl2, CdI2, HgCl2 in the molar ratio 2:1 and 1:1, respectively. THF can be exchanged by TMEDA under formation of tBu3SiZnCl(TMEDA), and (tBu3Si)2Zn transforms by the action of BiCl3 or BBr3 into tBu3SiZnCl (colorless) and tBu3SiZnBr (colorless), respectively. As to X-ray crystal structure analyses, the compounds (tBu3Si)2M are monomeric with a linear SiMSi framework, whereas tBu3SiZnBr and tBu3SiHgCl are tetrameric, the former with a regular, the latter with a pronounced irregular cubic M4X4 framework. The compounds are thermal stable up to 200°C (exception (tBu3Si)2Cd), photolabile, and comparatively inert for water and oxygen. The disupersilylmetals work as sources of supersilyl radicals tBu3Si (on irradiation) and as mild supersilanidation agents (e.g. (tBu3Si)2Zn/ BBr3 → tBu3SiZnBr/tBu3SiBBr2), the supersilylmetal halides as Lewis acids (formation of tBu3SiMX · donor) and electrophiles (e.g. tBu3SiHgCl/RLi → tBu3SiHgR/LiCl).
- Wiberg,Amelunxen,Lerner,Noeth,Appel,Knizek,Polborn
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p. 1861 - 1870
(2008/10/09)
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- Exciton Transitions in Size-Distributed BiI3 Microcrystallites Embedded in CdI3 Crystals
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Size-distributed BiI3 microcrystallites embedded in CdI2 matrices were formed from melt-grown mixed crystals through the aggregation of BiI3 molecules by an annealing treatment at a fairly low temperature. Electronic transitions in initially existing two-molecule clusters of BiI3 were analyzed on the basis of intracation transitions of the metal. The microcrystallites of BiI3 have a disk-like shape of various radii with the unit layer thickness, which were directly observed by a high resolution electron microscope. Absorption, luminescence luminescence-excitation spectra for the microcrystallites are presented. We observed Stokes-shifted luminescence from the BiI3 microcrystallites for the first time. The magnitude of Stokes-shifts changes depending on the microcrystallite size. From the results, it is concluded that the exciton-phonon interaction becomes stronger with the decrease of the microcrystallite size.
- Kim, Dae Gwi,Karasawa, Tsutomu,Komatsu, Teruo,Kobayashi, Takashi
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p. 3371 - 3378
(2008/10/08)
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- Effect of Aluminum Hydride on the Hydrogen-Initiated Synthesis of CdI2 from CdS and I2
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Fine-particle CdI2 was obtained by bombarding mixtures of CdS and crystalline I2 with hydrogen atoms in the presence of aluminum hydride. Aluminum hydride was found to noticeably accelerate formation of CdI2 and to prevent formation of a metal layer on the surface of the mixture.
- Normatov,Khakimova,Shermatov
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p. 440 - 442
(2008/10/08)
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- COMPLEXES OF GROUP IIb METALS WITH DITHIOOXAMIDES V - VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF THE CdLX2 COMPLEXES
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In acid media, CdX2 forms non-electrolyte CdLX2 (L=DTO, NN'DMDTO, TMDTO; X=Cl, Br, I) complexes with dithiooxamides.The ligands act as bidentates with S,S coordination.A thorough vibrational analysis (i.r. and Raman) has been performed for the Cd(H2NCSCSNH2)X2 (X=Cl, Br, I), the Cd(CH3NHCSCSNHCH3)X2 (X=Br, I) and the CdX2 (X=Cl, Br, I) complexes, by NH/ND and CH3/CD3 isotopic substitution.Stereochemistries varying from tetrahedral to octahedral structures are proposed based on spectroscopic evidence and the positions of the metal-ligand vibrations can be explained in terms of the HSAB principle.The thermal behaviour of the complexes has been studied, using isothermal as well as non-isothermal techniques.
- Geboes, Peter,Plakatouras, John,Desseyn, Herman O.
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p. 821 - 832
(2007/10/02)
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- Nicotine Complexes of Zinc(II), Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II)
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Complexes of nicotine(nic), M(nic)nX2 (M = Zn or Cd; n = 2, X = Cl, Br, I or NCS; M = Hg, n = 1, X = Cl, Br or I) have been prepared.The conductivity measurements indicate that the complexes are nonionic.The complexes have been characterised on the basis of analytical, IR and PMR spectral, and thermal studies.
- Muralidharan, S.,Udupa, M. R.,Nagaraja, K. S.
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- Potentiometric Study of Cadmium(II) Halide and Thiocyanate Complexes in Methanol. Determination of Thermodynamic Stability Constants of Third and Fourth Complexation Step
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The stability constants, K3 and K4, of IIXn>2-n (X-=Cl-, Br-, NCS-) complexes in methanol have been determined by X- ion measurements with Ag-
- Soe, Khin Nwe,Doe, Hidekazu,Kitagawa, Toyokichi
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p. 2981 - 2983
(2007/10/02)
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- ABSORPTION AND LUMINESCENCE OF PHOTOCHROMIC CdI//2: CuI.
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The irradiation with ultraviolet light of CdI//2 containing 1-5 mole% CuI induces new absorption bands in the visible part of the spectrum. The absorption spectra of uncolored, optically colored, and thermally bleached CdI//2:CuI are presented and discussed. The optical coloration is due to the photoneutralization of Cu** plus ions in CdI//2, and the thermal bleaching is due to thermal ionization of Cu atoms. During the coloration process small microcrystals of metallic Cu are formed in the CdI//2 single crystals. Uncolored CdI//2:CuI shows luminescence similar to CdI//2. Optically colored CdI//2:CuI does not show luminescence, due to the presence of optically induced luminescence killing centers.
- Ronda, C. R.,Zwaal, E.,Folkersma, H. F.,Lenselink, A.,Haas, C.
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- STUDIES ON TRANSITION-METAL PICOLINE COMPLEXES - I. PREPARATION AND THERMOANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS.
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A large number of transition-metal picoline halides were prepared, and their thermal decompositions were investigated by TG, DTG, DTA and thermomicroscopy. The compounds were classified on the basis of their thermal properties and two possible mechanisms of thermal decomposition were established.
- Liptay,Borbely-Kuszmann,Nagy
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