- Preparation method of nitro compound
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The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitro compound, which comprises: carrying out a reaction on a compound 1A and a compound 1B to obtain a compound 2A; and reacting the compound 2A witha nitration reagent to obtain a nitro compound crude product, and purifying to obtain a nitro compound fine product. According to the method, a reagent with low price is used as an initial raw material to prepare the final product through two-step reaction, wherein the reaction condition of each step is mild, the yield of the obtained nitro compound is high, and the cost can be greatly reduced.
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Paragraph 0046-0047; 0049-0050
(2021/03/13)
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- Green synthesis of low-carbon chain nitroalkanes via a novel tandem reaction of ketones catalyzed by TS-1
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A green and efficient one-pot method has been developed for the synthesis of low-carbon chain nitroalkanes via a novel TS-1 catalyzed tandem oxidation of ketones with H2O2 and NH3. The tandem reaction including ammoxidation, oximation and oxidation of oximes, afforded up to 88% yield and 98% chemo-selectivity requiring only 90 min, at 70 °C and atmospheric pressure. Moreover, this method was even amenable to 100-fold scale-up without loss of chemical efficiency with 87% yield, represents a significant advance towards industrial production of nitroalkanes. Furthermore, the plausible mechanism of TS-1 catalyzed tandem oxidation of ketones to prepare nitroalkanes was proposed.
- Chu, Qingyan,He, Guangke,Xi, Yang,Wang, Ping,Yu, Haoxuan,Liu, Rui,Zhu, Hongjun
-
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- Green synthesis method for one-pot process preparation of AMP-95
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The invention discloses a green synthesis method for the one-pot process preparation of AMP-95. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing 2-nitropropane from acetone, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia in an alcohol solution under the catalysis of a catalyst; S2, directly reacting a reaction solution obtained in step S1 with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde under an alkaline condition without purifying in order to generate 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol; and S3, directly hydrogenating the reaction product obtained in step S2 without purifying to obtain the product 2-amino-2-methy-1-propanol (AMP-95), and rectifying the product to make the purity reach 99.5% or more. The method has the advantages of cheap and easily available raw materials, simple reaction steps, small pollution to the environment, low cost, high yield, easiness in purification of the product, and suitableness for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0033; 0035; 0037; 0039; 0041; 0043; 0045; 0046
(2018/07/07)
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- Preparation method of nitroalkane compound
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The invention provides a preparation method of a nitroalkane compound and relates to the field of nitroalkane compounds. The preparation method comprises the following operations: mechanically stirring alkyl bromide, sodium nitrite, a catalyst, urea and a solvent at 50-60 DEG C, after carrying out a reaction for 5-6h, removing salts in a reaction solution by filtering, and then, removing an organic phase by reduced pressure distillation to obtain the nitroalkane compound, wherein the nitroalkane compound comprises the following components in parts by mole: 1 part of alkyl bromide, 1.2-2 partsof sodium nitrite, 0.01-0.3 part of catalyst and 0.005-0.5 part of urea; and the addition amount of the solvent is 1-2 times as much as the volume of alkyl bromide. According to the preparation method, urea is used as an additive to be introduced to a reaction of alkyl bromide and sodium nitrite, and with a reaction of 2-bromopropane and sodium nitrite as an example, it is unexpected that the reaction yield is increased to 85% or above and even higher than 97.4%, and therefore, the reaction yield is greatly increased; the preparation method is safe in operation, mild in reaction condition, lowin energy consumption and high in safety; and the preparation method is low in cost, extremely simple in aftertreatment and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
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Paragraph 0018; 0020; 0022; 0024; 0026; 0028; 0029; 0030
(2018/04/03)
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- Green synthesis method for preparing nitroalkanes by oxime oxidation
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The invention belongs to the field of organic chemical industries, and provides a green synthesis method for preparing nitroalkanes by oxime oxidation. At the temperature of 55 to 120 DEG C and under the pressure of 0 to 1.0 MPa, oxime, a solvent and hydrogen peroxide are reacted for 20 to 200min in the presence of certain amounts of nanoporous skeleton metal hybrid catalysts and cocatalysts, a reaction liquid is subjected to membrane separation, the catalysts can be repeatedly used for more than 7 times, and distilled to obtain nitroalkane products, the purity of the products is not less than 99%, and the yield of the products is not less than 95%. Furthermore, the green synthesis method for preparing nitroalkanes by the oxime oxidation disclosed by the invention is a green synthesis method of nitroalkanes, and suitable for large-scale industrialized production.
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Paragraph 0017; 0018
(2017/08/29)
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- Method for preparing 2-nitropropane
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The invention discloses a method for preparing 2-nitropropane, and relates to the technical field of organic compound synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: enabling acetone, ammonia gas or ammonia water, hydrogen peroxide, a solvent and a catalyst to contact, heating till the reaction temperature of 30-100 DEG C, and controlling the reaction pressure to 0.1-0.2MPa to react, thereby obtaining 2-nitropropane, wherein the catalyst is a TS-1 titanium silicalite molecular sieve; the solvent is water; the mole ratio of acetone to ammonia gas or ammonia water is 1:(1-3); the mole ratio of acetone to hydrogen peroxide is 1:(0.5-2); and the mass ratio of acetone to the catalyst is 1:(0.2-0.4). The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the conversion rate of acetone is high and the selectivity of 2-nitropropane is good; the method is simple in reaction process, gentle in reaction condition, environment-friendly and easy in industrial production; and development of environment-friendly chemicals is promoted.
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Paragraph 0016-0017
(2017/06/20)
-
- A novel transition metal free [bis-(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) mediated oxidative ipso nitration of organoboronic acids
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A mild, convenient and transition metal free methodology for oxidative ipso nitration of diversely functionalized organoboronic acids, including heteroaryl- and alkylboronic acids, has been developed at ambient temperature using a combination of [bis-(trifluoroacetoxy)]iodobenzene (PIFA) - N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and sodium nitrite as the nitro source. It is anticipated that the reaction proceeds through in situ generation of NO2 and O-centred organoboronic acid radicals followed by the formation of an O-N bond via combination of the said radicals. Finally transfer of the NO2 group to the aryl moiety occurs through 1,3-aryl migration to provide the nitroarenes.
- Chatterjee, Nachiketa,Bhatt, Divya,Goswami, Avijit
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supporting information
p. 4828 - 4832
(2015/05/05)
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- Lewis acidic strength controlled highly selective synthesis of oxime via liquid-phase ammoximation over titanosilicates
-
The Lewis acidity of titanosilicates determines the selectivity of the oxime in ammoximation. Higher Lewis acidic strength of Ti active sites could promote free H2O2 to participate in the highly efficient formation of NH2OH by lowering the reaction activation energy for the formation of Ti-OOH species, and thus fundamentally suppress the side reactions of deep oxidation.
- Zhuo, Zuoxi,Wu, Lizhi,Wang, Lei,Ding, Yichun,Zhang, Xiaoqian,Liu, Yueming,He, Mingyuan
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p. 55685 - 55688
(2015/02/19)
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- PROCESS FOR NITROALKANE RECOVERY BY AQUEOUS PHASE RECYCLE TO NITRATION REACTOR
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Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor.
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Page/Page column 16-17
(2011/05/06)
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- HYDROCARBON FEED FLEXIBLE HIGH PRESSURE NITRATION PLANT DESIGN
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Disclosed is an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. The apparatus may be designed such that it can synthesize more than one nitroalkane using the same equipment.
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Page/Page column 10-15
(2011/07/09)
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- PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NITRATED HYDROCARBONS
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Provided is a process for making nitrated hydrocarbons by reacting aqueous nitric acid with a hydrocarbon feedstock and a carboxylic acid under specific reaction conditions.
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Page/Page column 7
(2011/05/03)
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- Process For Nitroalkane Recovery By Aqueous Phase Recycle To Nitration Reactor
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Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor.
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Page/Page column 5
(2011/05/03)
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- ISOTHERMAL REACTOR FOR HYDROCARBON NITRATION
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Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. By using an isothermal reactor with multiple input ports for aqueous nitric acid, a hydrocarbon feedstock may be sequentially exposed to a plurality of flows of aqueous nitric acid as it flows through the reactor.
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Page/Page column 5
(2011/05/03)
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- Establishment of the C-NO bond dissociation energy scale in solution and its application in analyzing the trend of NO transfer from C-nitroso compound to thiols
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(Chemical Equation Presented) The first set of experimentally determined C-NO bond homolytic and heterolytic dissociation enthalpies in solution is derived by using direct titration calorimetry combined with appropriate electrode potentials through thermodynamic cycles. The homolytic bond dissociation energy scale (BDEs) of the corresponding C-NO bonds in the gas phase was also calculated at the MP2/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-31G* level and BP86/6-31G*//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory for the purpose of comparison. The C-NO and S-NO bond thermodynamic parameters were used to predict the trend of NO transfer from C-nitroso substrates to thiols in acetonitrile solution.
- Li, Xin,Deng, Hui,Zhu, Xiao-Qing,Wang, Xiaoxiao,Liang, Hao,Cheng, Jin-Pei
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experimental part
p. 4472 - 4478
(2009/09/30)
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- PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NITROPROPANES
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Provided is a process for the formation of 2-nitropropane and/or 2,2-dinitropropane by the nitration of propane with dilute nitric acid.
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Page/Page column 15-16
(2009/12/02)
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- Synthesis of nitroalkanes from alkylhalides under mild and nonaqueous conditions by using polymer supported nitrites
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Alkyl halides are efficiently converted to their corresponding nitroalkanes under mild and nonaqueous conditions by using polymer supported nitrites. The polymeric reagent is regenerable.
- Zarchi, Mohammad Ali Karimi,Zarei, Amin
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p. 309 - 311
(2007/10/03)
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- An efficient nitration of light alkanes and the alkyl side-chain of aromatic compounds with nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide
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Nitration of light alkanes and the alkyl side-chain of aromatic compounds with NO2 and HNO3 was successfully achieved by the use of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a catalyst under relatively mild conditions. For example, the nitration of propane with NO2 catalyzed by NHPI at 100 °C for 14 h gave 2-nitropropane in good yield without formation of 1-nitropropane and cleaved products such as nitroethane and nitromethane. Various aliphatic nitroalkanes, which are difficult to prepare by conventional methods, could be selectively obtained by means of the present methodology by using NHPI as the key catalyst. In addition, the side-chain nitration of alkylbenzenes such as toluene was selectively carried out to lead to α-nitrotoluene without the ring nitration. The present reaction provides an efficient selective method for the nitration of light alkanes and alkylbenzenes, which has been very difficult to carry out so far.
- Nishiwaki, Yoshiki,Sakaguchi, Satoshi,Ishii, Yasutaka
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p. 5663 - 5668
(2007/10/03)
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- 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane/Zn promoted reductive cyclizations of ortho-substituted nitroarenes toward 2,1-benzisoxazole derivatives
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Under the mild conditions, reductive cyclizations of 2-nitrobenzaldehydes or 2′-nitroacetophenone towards 2,1-benzisoxazoles were accomplished in the presence of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane/Zn in methanolic solution. The synthetic utility and the role of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane were investigated.
- Kim, Byeong Hyo,Jun, Young Moo,Kim, Tae Kyu,Lee, Yoon Seok,Baik, Woonphil,Lee, Byung Min
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p. 235 - 240
(2007/10/03)
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- Separation of methylene chloride from tetrahydrofuran by extractive distillation
-
Methylene chloride is difficult to separate from tetrahydrofuran by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their vapor pressures. Methylene chloride can be readily separated from tetrahydrofuran by extractive distillation. Effective agents are 1-pentanol, 1,2-butanediol and 3-nitrotoluene.
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-
- Comparison of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Electron-Transfer Rates for Some Nitroalkanes and Diketones
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Redox catalysis has been used to investigate the homogeneous electron-transfer reactions between the substrates (nitroalkane or diketone) and the reduced form of the catalyst, which was terephthalonitrile.The substrates were RNO2 (R=Me, Et, i-Pr, and t-Bu) and RC(O)C(O)R (R=Me, Et, and t-Bu).The experiments were conducted in acetonitrile solvent at 298 K with three different electrolytes, R4NClO4 (R=Et, n-Bu, and n-C7H15).The effect of added water and alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and s-butanol) was investigated.Formal potentials and standard heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants, ks, were also determined.It was found that increasing the size of the cation of the electrolyte resulted in a decrease in ks but did not affect the rate of the homogeneous electron-transfer reactions.The result is interpreted as a decrease in electron-tunneling rate with increasing thickness of a compact layer of adsorbed cations, a double-layer effect that cannot influence the homogeneous reaction.Addition of the hydroxylic solutes, S, caused diminution of both ks and the rate constant of homogeneous electron transfer from the anion radical of the substrate to the catalyst.This result is discussed in terms of two models, viz., complexation or adduct formation between the anion radical and S or increasing solvation energy of the anion radical.
- Evans, Dennis H.,Gilicinski, Andrew G.
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p. 2528 - 2533
(2007/10/02)
-
- Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) by N-substituted peptidyl trifluoromethyl ketones
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A series of tripeptides possessing trifluoromethyl or aryl ketone residues at P1 were prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo as potential inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). Tripeptides containing non naturally occurring N-substituted glycine residues at the P2-position have been demonstrated to be potent in vitro inhibitors of HLE, with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Sterically demanding substituents on the P2- nitrogen have no detrimental effect on in vitro potency. The inhibition process presumably acts via hemiketal formation with the active site Ser195 of HLE, and is facilitated by the strongly electron withdrawing trifluoromethyl functionality. Deletion of the amino acid at the P3-subsite region affords inactive compounds. Valine is the preferred residue at the P1-position, whereas the corresponding glycine, alanine, α,α- dimethylglycine, or phenylalanine analogues are all inactive. The compounds described herein all confer a high degree of in vitro specificity when tested against representative cysteine, aspartyl, metallo, and other serine proteases. One of the most potent in vitro inhibitors is (3RS)-N-[4[[[(4- chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]oxomethyl]-L-valyl-N-(2,3- dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)glycine N-[3-(1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methyl-2- oxopentyl)amide (20i; BI-RA-260) (IC50 = 0.084 μM). Compound 20i was also tested in hamsters in an elastase-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EPH) model. In this model, intratracheal (it.) administration of 20i, 5 min prior to HLE challenge, effectively inhibited hemorrhage in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of 4.8 μg. The inhibitor 20i, 20 μg administered it. 24, 48, and 72 h prior to HLE challenge, exhibits significant inhibition against hemorrhage at all time points (97%, 64% and 49%, respectively). In a 21-day chronic model of emphysema in hamsters, 200 μg of HLE administered it. caused an elastase-induced emphysema in the lungs which can be quantitated histologically utilizing image analysis. In this assay, 20i significantly inhibited pulmonary lesions associated with septal destruction and increased alveolar spaces, when dosed at 20 μg it. 5 min prior to challenge with HLE.
- Skiles,Fuchs,Miao,Sorcek,Grozinger,Mauldin,Vitous,Mui,Jacober,Chow,Matteo,Skoog,Weldon,Possanza,Keirns,Letts,Rosenthal
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p. 641 - 662
(2007/10/02)
-
- Viologen-mediated Reductive Desulfonylation of α-Nitro Sulfones by Sodium Dithionite
-
Reductive desulfonylation of α-nitro sulfones to give the corresponding nitro compounds was carried out conveniently with sodium dithionite, by using octylviologen as an electron-transfer catalyst in organic solvent-water two-phase systems.Sulfones which do not have an α-nitro group are not desulfonylated.A reaction scheme involving a nitroalkyl radical has been proposed.
- Park, Kwanghee Koh,Lee, Chul Woo,Choi, Sook Young
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p. 601 - 604
(2007/10/02)
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- Reduction of Substituted Nitro Compounds with Tri-n-butyltin Hydride
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α-Substituted nitro compounds have been reduced with tri-n-butyltin hydride to give replacement of the α-substituent by hydrogen (2-bromo, 2-chloro- and 2-nitro-2-phenylsulphonylpropane to 2-nitropropane; p-nitrobenzyl chloride, bromide, iodide and thiocyanate to p-nitrotoluene; 5-nitrofurfuryl nitrate to 2-methyl-5-nitrofuran and 2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitrofuran; 2-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole to 1,2-dimethylimidazole). 2-Bromo-2-nitrohept-6-ene and 1-bromo-1-nitrohex-5-ene were reduced to 2-nitrohept-6-ene and 1-nitrohex-5-ene,5-bromo- and 5-phenylsulphonyl-5-nitro-6-phenyl-norborn-6-ene to 5-nitro-6-phenylnorborn-6-ene and 2-iodo-2-nitro-3-(endo-norborn-2-en-5-yl)propane to 2-nitro-3-(endo-norborn-2-en-5-yl)propane without cyclisation of the intermediate alkenyl α-nitroalkyl radicals. 2-Bromo-2-nitrohex-5-ene and 1-bromo-1-nitropent-4-ene were reduced to the respective nitroalkenes at high but at lower cyclisation to 1-methyl-1-nitrocyclopentane and 1-nitrocyclopentane took place.Inhibition studies of the reductions of 2-bromo-2-nitrohex-5-ene and p-nitrobenzyl bromide showed a radical chain mechanism.In some of the reductions at low , radical rearrangement of the intermediate α-nitroalkyl radicals gave the respective ketones.Mechanisms involving (a) addition/elimination and (b) dissociation of intermediate radical anions, are proposed.
- Bowman, W. Russell,Crosby, David,Westlake, Paul J.
-
-
- Specific Heat and Standard Entropy of Isopropyl Nitrate
-
We describe an adiabatic calorimeter and the synthesis of a sample of isopropyl nitrate (IPN).The specific heat Cp of the IPN was measured at 14-300 K.No phase transitions other than melting were observed.Values of ΔHm, ΔSm, Tm are reported, with the standard and the tabulated values of the main thermodynamic functions of IPN.The ΔS0r(298.15 K) values for the nitration by nitric acid of primary and of secondary alcohols at the oxygen atom are compared.
- Lushnikov, V. N.,Rubtsov, Yu. I.,Eremenko, L. T.,Korolev, A. M.
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p. 612 - 615
(2007/10/02)
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- Laser-powered Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Pyrolysis of 2-Nitropropane
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The pyrolysis of 2-nitropropane has been studied under both homogeneous conditions (using a continuous-wawe CO2 laser and sensitized by sulphur hexafluoride) and heterogeneous conditions (pulsed pyrolysis) at temperatures in the range 820-1210 K.A comparison of both decompositions is aided by the determination of spatial temperature profiles and the effective temperature in the laserdriven reaction by using calculations of the temperature distribution, thermocouple techniques and elimination of ethyl acetate as a 'chemical thermometer'.The main process in the laser-driven decomposition is the clean decomposition into propene and nitrous acid occuring via C-N bond fission.In heterogeneous pyrolysis additional products such as 2-nitropropene, acetonitrile and acetone are formed.The high yield of 2-nitropropene at 820 K indicates a unique route to this compound.
- Pola, Josef,Farkacova, Marta,Kubat, Pavel,Trka, Antonin
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p. 1499 - 1506
(2007/10/02)
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- Formation of Organic Nitro-compounds in Flowing H2O2+NO2+N2+Organic Vapour Systems. Part 3.-Effects of O2 Addition on H2O2+NO2+N2+Alkane Systems
-
The effects of oxygen on the product distribution from the surface-initiated reactions in flowing mixtures of H2O2, NO2, N2 and RH, where RH=ethane, propane, n-butane and n-pentane, at 298 K have been studied.In the absence of O2, the principal products are the corresponding nitroalkane, alkyl nitrite and alkyl nitrate.In the presence of sufficiently large concentrations of O2, the predominant product is the alkyl nitrate and the only other products of significance, in some cases, are the corresponding carbonyl compounds.The variation of the product yields with / gives values for the rate-constant ratios k8/(k3+k4) for reaction at both primary and secondary radical sites:.Possible mechanisms by which the products are formed are discussed.
- Baulch, Donald L.,Campbell, Ian M.,Chappel, Jonathan M.
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p. 617 - 628
(2007/10/02)
-
- Formation of Organic Nitro-compounds in Flowing H2O2+NO2+N2+Organic Vapour Systems. Part 2.-H2O2+NO2+N2+Alkane System
-
The principal products from the surface-initiated reactions in flowing mixtures of H2O2, NO2,N2 and RH, where RH=ethane, propane, n-butane and n-pentane, have been identified as the nitroalkane, alkyl nitrite and alkyl nitrate.The product yields have been measured; in the case of propane the variation of the yields with total gas pressure has also been studied.Values have been obtained for the relative rates of primary and secondary H-atom abstraction from each alkane by OH and for the rate-constant ratios k3/k4 and k5/k6 at 298 K:.The trends in the product yields with the variation of pressure and change of R indicate that RO radicals are produced via reactions (4)-(6) rather than by a single-step reaction of R with NO2.
- Baulch, Donald L.,Campbell, Ian M.,Chappel, Jonathan M.
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p. 609 - 616
(2007/10/02)
-
- Methyl Radical Addition to Nitroalkane aci-Anions in Aqueous Solution: Rate Constants and Optical Absorption Spectra
-
Absolute rate constants have been measured for the .CH3 radical addition to the aci-anions of nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane.The respective values of (1.35 +/- 0.2) * 1E8, (1.60 +/- 0.3) * 1E7, (1.35 +/- 0.3) * 1E7, and (2.35 +/- 0.5) * 1E6 dm3 mol-1 s-1 indicate a nucleophilic character of the methyl radical.From Taft's relationship on the inductive substituent effect, ρ* + 8.9 is derived.The optical absorption spectra of the methyl radical adducts, R1R2CH3NO2.-, are characterized by λmax. 270 nm and extinction coefficients of (2.8-3.0) * 1E3 dm3 mol-1 cm-1.
- Veltwisch, Dieter,Asmus, Klaus-Dieter
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p. 1143 - 1146
(2007/10/02)
-
- Desulphonylation of α-Nitrosulphones with N-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide
-
A sulphonyl group of α-nitrosulphones is replaced by hydrogen on treatment with N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide; the reaction proceeds by a non-chain, free-radical process involving one-electron transfer.
- Ono, Noboru,Tamura, Rui,Tanikaga, Rikuhei,Kaji, Aritsune
-
-
- 3-INDOLYL-TERTIARY BUTYLAMINOPROPANOLS
-
1-Phenoxy-3-(3-indolyl)-tert.-butyl!amino-2-propanols and related 1-aryloxy compounds are antihypertensive agents having vasodilator and adrenergic β-receptor blocking action. Preferred compounds bear an ortho-substituent in the phenoxy group, and most preferably the cyano group.
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-
- CARBONYL-FORMING ELIMINATION REACTIONS. A KINETIC STUDY OF THE DECOMPOSITION OF β-NITROALCOHOLS IN WATER
-
β-Nitroalcohols 1a-g undergo, in aqueous buffered solution, a specific base catalyzed carbonyl-forming elimination.The transition state for the rate-limiting C-C bond breakage step has been estimated to be rather reactant-like.
- Guanti, G.,Petrillo, G.,Thea, S.,Cevasco, G.,Stirling, C. J. M.
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p. 4735 - 4738
(2007/10/02)
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