- (2,5)Pyrazinophanes: Synthesis and Molecular Structure
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The pseudoortho (4a) and the pseudogeminal (2,5)pyrazinophane (4b) have been synthesized via 1,6-Hofmann elimination of trimethylammonium hydroxide (2b) and dimerization of the generated 2,5-dihydro-2,5-bis(methylene)pyrazine (3).The molecular structures of both isomers, 4a and 4b, were determined by X-ray analysis.
- Eiermann, Uwe,Kriegel, Claus,Neugebauer, Franz A.,Staab, Heinz A.
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- Hederagenin compound H-X with anti-lung cancer effect and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention provides a hederagenin compound H-X with an anti-tumor effect and a preparation method and application thereof. The structural general formula 1 is shown in the specifications. Most of the derivatives provided by the invention have obvious inhibition effects on tumor cells A549, MCF-7 and HepG2, and the compound hederagenin-2, 6-dimethylpyrazine (H-08) shows good selectivity betweentumors and normal conditions, especially on lung cancer A549 cells. The IC50 of the compound to A549, MCF-7, HepG2, MDCK and H9c2 is 3.45+/-0.59 muM, 8.73+/-1.49 muM, 8.71+/-0.38 muM, 14.11+/-0.04 muM, and 16.69+/-0.12 muM, the inhibition effect on A549 cells is similar to that of a positive drug cis-platinum (IC50 is 3.85+/-0.63 muM), but the toxicity on MDCK and H9c2 is obviously lower than thatof cis-platinum.
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Paragraph 0045; 0046; 0118; 0119
(2020/04/17)
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- NOVEL TETRAZOLE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
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The invention relates to a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and their use in therapy, for example in the treatment of mycobacterial infections or in the treatment of diseases caused by mycobacterium, such as tuberculosis.
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Page/Page column 92
(2019/03/05)
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- N -Hydroxyphthalimide/benzoquinone-catalyzed chlorination of hydrocarbon C-H bond using N -chlorosuccinimide
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The direct chlorination of C-H bonds has received considerable attention in recent years. In this work, a metal-free protocol for hydrocarbon C-H bond chlorination with commercially available N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) with 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (DDQ) functioning as an external radical initiator is presented. Aliphatic and benzylic substituents and also heteroaromatic ones were found to be well tolerated. Both the experiments and theoretical analysis indicate that the reaction goes through a process wherein NHPI functions as a catalyst rather than as an initiator. On the other hand, the hydrogen abstraction of the C-H bond conducted by a PINO species rather than the highly reactive N-centered radicals rationalizes the high chemoselectivity of the monochlorination obtained by this protocol as the latter is reactive towards the C(sp3)-H bonds of the monochlorides. The present results could hold promise for further development of a nitroxy-radical system for the highly selective functionalization of the aliphatic and benzylic hydrocarbon C-H.
- Li, Zi-Hao,Fiser, Béla,Jiang, Biao-Lin,Li, Jian-Wei,Xu, Bao-Hua,Zhang, Suo-Jiang
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supporting information
p. 3403 - 3408
(2019/04/01)
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- Design, synthesis, and cytotoxic analysis of novel hederagenin–pyrazine derivatives based on partial least squares discriminant analysis
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Hederagenin (He) is a novel triterpene template for the development of new antitumor compounds. In this study, 26 new He–pyrazine derivatives were synthetized in an attempt to develop potent antitumor agents; they were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor and non-tumor cell lines. The majority of these derivatives showed much stronger cytotoxic activity than He. Remarkably, the most potent was compound 9 (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 3.45 ± 0.59 μM), which exhibited similar antitumor activities against A549 (human non-small-cell lung cancer) as the positive drug cisplatin (DDP; IC50 was 3.85 ± 0.63 μM), while it showed lower cytotoxicity on H9c2 (murine heart myoblast; IC50 was 16.69 ± 0.12 μM) cell lines. Compound 9 could induce the early apoptosis and evoke cell-cycle arrest at the synthesis (S) phase of A549 cells. Impressively, we innovatively introduced the method of cluster analysis modeled as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) into the structure–activity relationship (SAR) evaluation, and SAR confirmed that pyrazine had a profound effect on the antitumor activity of He. The present studies highlight the importance of pyrazine derivatives of He in the discovery and development of novel antitumor agents.
- Fang, Kang,Zhang, Xiao-Hua,Han, Yao-Tian,Wu, Gao-Rong,Cai, De-Sheng,Xue, Nan-Nan,Guo, Wen-Bo,Yang, Yu-Qin,Chen, Meng,Zhang, Xin-Yu,Wang, Hui,Ma, Tao,Wang, Peng-Long,Lei, Hai-Min
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- He pyrrole testsamine synonym, preparation method and its application
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The invention relates to the field of medicinal chemistry and particularly relates to picotamide analogues (I), a preparation method and a pharmaceutical composition containing the picotamide analogues, wherein R represents hydrogen, 3, 5, 6- trimethyl, 5-methyl or 6-methyl. The picotamide analogues provided by the invention can be used for treating or preventing thromboembolic diseases.
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Paragraph 0044; 0046-0048
(2017/03/08)
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- SUBSTITUTED XANTHINES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Compounds, compositions and methods are described for inhibiting the TRPC5 ion channel and disorders related to TRPC5.
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Page/Page column 413
(2014/09/29)
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- SUBSTITUTED XANTHINES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Compounds, compositions and methods are described for inhibiting the TRPC5 ion channel and disorders related to TRPC5.
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Paragraph 0359; 0360
(2014/09/30)
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- 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors. Part 4: Development of 3-[3-tert-butylsulfanyl-1-[4-(6-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)benzyl]-5-(5-methylpyridin- 2-ylmethoxy)-1 H -indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropionic acid (AM803), a potent, oral, once daily FLAP inhibitor
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The potent 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor 3-[3-tert-butylsulfanyl-1-[4-(6-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)benzyl]-5-(5-methylpyridin-2- ylmethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropionic acid 11cc is described (AM803, now GSK2190915). Building upon AM103 (1) (Hutchinson et al. J. Med Chem.2009, 52, 5803-5815; Stock et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20, 213-217; Stock et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2010, 20, 4598-4601), SAR studies centering around the pyridine moiety led to the discovery of compounds that exhibit significantly increased potency in a human whole blood assay measuring LTB4 inhibition with longer drug preincubation times (15 min vs 5 h). Further studies identified 11cc with a potency of 2.9 nM in FLAP binding, an IC50 of 76 nM for inhibition of LTB4 in human blood (5 h incubation) and excellent preclinical toxicology and pharmacokinetics in rat and dog. 11cc also demonstrated an extended pharmacodynamic effect in a rodent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) model. This compound has successfully completed phase 1 clinical studies in healthy volunteers and is currently undergoing phase 2 trials in asthmatic patients.
- Stock, Nicholas S.,Bain, Gretchen,Zunic, Jasmine,Li, Yiwei,Ziff, Jeannie,Roppe, Jeffrey,Santini, Angelina,Darlington, Janice,Prodanovich, Pat,King, Christopher D.,Baccei, Christopher,Lee, Catherine,Rong, Haojing,Chapman, Charles,Broadhead, Alex,Lorrain, Dan,Correa, Lucia,Hutchinson, John H.,Evans, Jilly F.,Prasit, Peppi
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experimental part
p. 8013 - 8029
(2012/03/08)
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- (2,6)- and (2,5)Pyrazinophanes: Synthesis and Molecular Structure
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The title compounds 1-3 and their methyl derivatives 4-7 were synthesized either by photolytic sulfur extrusion from the corresponding 2,11-dithiapyrazinophanes 24-26 or by Hofmann 1,6-elimination of the appropriate trimethylammonium hydroxides followed by dimerization of the generated 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethylene-pyrazines. α-Chlorination of the methylpyrazines 8-10 with N-chlorosuccinimide gave the required precursors 11, 12, 14, 17, and 18.The results of the X-ray structure determinations for 1-4 and 7 which indicate an unequivocal isomer assignment are discussed with regard to steric strain in these molecules.The electronic spectra of the pyrazinophanes 1-7 are reported and compared with those of the parent methylpyrazines.
- Eiermann, Uwe,Krieger, Claus,Neugebauer, Franz A.,Staab, Heinz A.
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p. 523 - 533
(2007/10/02)
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- Antilipolytic activity of new pyrazine N-oxides. II.
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The synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of some new pyrazine-N-oxides related to Acipimox, namely the corresponding carbinol and some of its ethers, are described. Some of these compounds show strong antilipolytic activity which was significantly long-lasting in the case of 2-methoxymethyl-5-methylpyrazine-4-oxide. This compound was chosen for further extensive pharmacological evaluation.
- Cozzi,Pillan,Bertone,et al.
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p. 241 - 245
(2007/10/02)
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- PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE THIOUREA AND UREA COMPOUNDS
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The compounds are substituted thioalkyl-, aminoalkyl-and oxyalkyl-thioureas and ureas which are inhibitors of histamine activity.
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