- Synthesis and characterization of butylamine-functionalized Cr(III)–MOF–SO3H: Synergistic effect of the hydrophobic moiety on Cr(III)–MOF–SO3H in esterification reactions
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Mesoporous solid acid catalysts with partially hydrophobic moieties, [Cr3O(BDC–SO3H)3?x(BDC–SO3NH3Bu)x]n, were prepared from [Cr3O(BDC–SO3H)3]n (MIL-101(Cr)–SO3H) and BuNH2 for the first time and then characterized by the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) technique, powder X-ray diffraction, field emission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal and elemental analyses. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption study showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of MIL-101(Cr)–SO3H decreased after the reaction with butylamine and formation of [Cr3O(BDC–SO3H)3?x(BDC–SO3NH3Bu)x]n. The prepared materials were used as catalysts to investigate the impact of hydrophobic moieties in esterification yields of phthalic anhydride with several alcohols as a probe reaction. The presence of butylamine as a hydrophobic group on MIL-101(Cr)–SO3H increases the esterification yield significantly for hydrophilic alcohols under solvent-free conditions. Moreover, results showed that [Cr3O(BDC–SO3H)3?x(BDC–SO3NH3Bu)x]n can be recovered and reused for several consecutive reactions without significant loss in catalyst activity.
- Alavijeh, Masoumeh Karimi,Amini, Mostafa M.
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- Sulfonated graphene as highly efficient and reusable acid carbocatalyst for the synthesis of ester plasticizers
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Plasticizers are well known for their effectiveness in producing flexible plastics. The automotive, plastic and pharmaceutical industries, essential to a healthy economy, rely heavily on plasticizers to produce everything from construction materials to medical devices, cosmetics, children toys, food wraps, adhesives, paints, and 'wonder drugs'. Although H2SO4 is commonly used as commodity catalyst for plasticizer synthesis it is energy-inefficient, non-recyclable, and requires tedious separation from the homogeneous reaction mixture resulting in abundant non-recyclable acid waste. In this study, for the first time, we report an efficient synthesis of ester plasticizers (>90% yields) using sulfonated graphene (GSO3H) as an energy-efficient, water tolerant, reusable and highly active solid acid carbocatalyst. The hydrothermal sulfonation of reduced graphene oxide with fuming H2SO4 at 120°C for 3 days afforded GSO3H with remarkable acid activity as demonstrated by 31P magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The superior catalytic performance of GSO3H over traditional homogeneous acids, Amberlyst-15, and acidic ionic liquids has been attributed to the presence of highly acidic and stable sulfonic acid groups within the two dimensional graphene domain, which synergistically work for high mass transfer in the reaction. Furthermore, the preliminary experimental results indicate that GSO3H is quite effective as a catalyst in the esterification of oleic and salicylic acid and thus may pave the way for its broad industrial applications in the near future.
- Garg, Bhaskar,Bisht, Tanuja,Ling, Yong-Chien
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p. 57297 - 57307
(2015/02/02)
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- Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of SAPO-11, -31 and -41 molecular sieves
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Medium pore molecular sieves, SAPO-11, SAPO-31 and SAPO-41, have been synthesized using di-n-propylamine and diethylamine as the organic template. They have been characterized by various methods such as elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, solid state MAS NMR spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy in the framework and hydroxyl regions. Catalytic activities of these materials in the esterification of phthalic anhydride with different alcohols have been studied. The catalytic activity of these material is in the order: SAPO-41> SAPO-11> SAPO-31.
- Venkatathri,Srivastava
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p. 1039 - 1043
(2007/10/03)
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- Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O in synthesis: A convenient and efficient catalyst for the esterification of aromatic carboxylic acids with alcohols
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Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O has been used for the catalyst in the esterification of aromatic carboxylic acids with alcohols. The method offers mild reaction condition, easy work-up, and high yields of the esterification products.
- Zhang, Gui-Sheng
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p. 607 - 611
(2007/10/03)
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