- FLUORESCENT SUBSTRATES FOR POLY(ADP-RIBOSYL) HYDROLASES
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The post-translational modification (PTM) and signaling molecule poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) has an impact on diverse biological processes. PTM is regulated by a series of ADP-ribosyl glycohydrolases (PARG enzymes) that cleave polymers and/or liberate monomers from their protein targets. Disclosed herein is a substrate for monitoring PARG activity, TFMU-ADPr, which directly reports on total PAR hydrolase activity via release of a fluorophore; this substrate has excellent reactivity, generality, stability, and usability. A second substrate, TFMU-IDPr, selectively reports on PARG activity only from the enzyme ARH3. Use of these probes in whole-cell lysate experiments has revealed a mechanism by which ARH3 is inhibited by cholera toxin. TFMU-ADPr and TFMU-IDPr are versatile tools for assessing small-molecule inhibitors in vitro and probing the regulation of ADP-ribosyl catabolic enzymes.
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Page/Page column 35; 37
(2020/05/06)
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- Synthesis of Dimeric ADP-Ribose and Its Structure with Human Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase
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Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a common post-translational modification that mediates a wide variety of cellular processes including DNA damage repair, chromatin regulation, transcription, and apoptosis. The difficulty associated with accessing poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in a homogeneous form has been an impediment to understanding the interactions of PAR with poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and other binding proteins. Here we describe the chemical synthesis of the ADP-ribose dimer, and we use this compound to obtain the first human PARG substrate-enzyme cocrystal structure. Chemical synthesis of PAR is an attractive alternative to traditional enzymatic synthesis and fractionation, allowing access to products such as dimeric ADP-ribose, which has been detected but never isolated from natural sources. Additionally, we describe the synthesis of an alkynylated dimer and demonstrate that this compound can be used to synthesize PAR probes including biotin and fluorophore-labeled compounds. The fluorescently labeled ADP-ribose dimer was then utilized in a general fluorescence polarization-based PAR-protein binding assay. Finally, we use intermediates of our synthesis to access various PAR fragments, and evaluation of these compounds as substrates for PARG reveals the minimal features for substrate recognition and enzymatic cleavage. Homogeneous PAR oligomers and unnatural variants produced from chemical synthesis will allow for further detailed structural and biochemical studies on the interaction of PAR with its many protein binding partners. (Chemical Equation Presented).
- Lambrecht, Michael J.,Brichacek, Matthew,Barkauskaite, Eva,Ariza, Antonio,Ahel, Ivan,Hergenrother, Paul J.
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supporting information
p. 3558 - 3564
(2015/03/30)
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- Yarrowia lipolytica dehydrogenase/reductase: An enzyme tolerant for lipophilic compounds and carbohydrate substrates
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Yarrowia lipolytica short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (YlSDR) was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized in vitro. The substrate scope for YlSDR mediated oxidation was investigated with alcohols and unprotected carbohydrates spectrophotometrically, revealing a preference for secondary compared to primary alcohols. In reduction direction, YlSDR was highly active on ribulose and fructose, suggesting that the enzyme is a mannitol-2-dehydrogenase. In order to explore substrate tolerance especially for space-demanding, lipophilic protecting groups, 5-O-trityl-d-ribitol and 5-O-trityl-α,β-d-ribose were investigated as substrates: YlSDR oxidized 5-O-trityl-d-ribitol and 5-O-trityl-α,β-d-ribose and reduced the latter at the expense of NADP(H).
- Napora, Kamila,Wrodnigg, Tanja M.,Kosmus, Patrick,Thonhofer, Martin,Robins, Karen,Winkler, Margit
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p. 3393 - 3395
(2013/06/27)
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- Regioselective electrophilic substitution of 2,3-aziridino-γ-lactones: preliminary studies aimed at the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α- or β-amino acids
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2,3-Aziridino-γ-lactones are versatile synthons for the preparation of polysubstituted α- or β-amino acids. With the intention of preparing α,α-disubstituted α- or β-amino acids, regioselective electrophilic substitution of aziridino-γ-lactones at C2 was
- Valle, Marcelo Siqueira,Tarrade-Matha, Aurélie,Dauban, Philippe,Dodd, Robert H.
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p. 419 - 432
(2008/04/01)
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- Synthesis of 5-deoxy-5-phospho-D-ribonohydroxamic acid: A new competitive and selective inhibitor of type B ribose-5-phosphate isomerase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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5-Deoxy-5-phospho-d-ribonohydroxamic acid, a mimic of the 1,2-cis-enediolate high-energy intermediate species of the allose-6-phosphate isomerase reaction, was obtained by a six-step synthesis from d-erythronolactone. In contrast to the known competitive
- Burgos, Emmanuel,Roos, Annette K.,Mowbray, Sherry L.,Salmon, Laurent
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p. 3691 - 3694
(2007/10/03)
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- Iron-containing nucleoside analogues with pronounced apoptosis-inducing activity
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Bioactive organometallic compounds: Iron-containing nucleoside analogues, which can be stereoselectively synthesized in a few steps starting from simple carbohydrates, cause tumor cells to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death; see picture for the typi
- Schlawe, Daniel,Majdalani, Andre,Velcicky, Juraj,Hessler, Erik,Wieder, Thomas,Prokop, Aram,Schmalz, Hans-Guenther
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p. 1731 - 1734
(2007/10/03)
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- Toward a general strategy for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyprolines from pentose sugars
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A general strategy is proposed, wherein a pentose sugar γ-lactone can be converted, via a series of nine reactions, to a 3,4-dihydroxyproline, suitably protected for use in peptide synthesis. Thus, D-ribonolactone (6) has been converted to N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-3,4-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-D-2,3-cis-3, 4-cis-proline (7) in 18.9% overall yield. Likewise, L-arabinonolactone (11) has been converted to N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-3,4-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-L-2,3-cis-3, 4-trans-proline (36) in 13.7% overall yield and L-lyxonolactone (12) to N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl- 3,4-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-L-2,3-trans-3,4-cis-proline (37) in 11.2% overall yield. These building blocks have also been fully deprotected to give the free amino acids. We believe that this series of reactions ought to be applicable to the synthesis of any of the eight stereoisomers of 3,4-dihydroxyproline, by judicious selection of the pentose starting material.
- Taylor, Carol M.,Taylor, Carol M.,Barker, William D.,Weir, Claudette A.,Park, Jae H.
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p. 4466 - 4474
(2007/10/03)
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- A new straightforward synthesis of 2,3-aziridino-γ-lactones
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A concise synthesis of 2,3-aziridino-γ-lactones starting from commercially available α,β-dihydroxy-γ-lactones is described. The strategy involves a Michael-type addition of benzylamine onto a key 2-(5H)-furanon-3-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate, followed by in situ cyclization to the aziridine without lactone-ring-opening. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- De Saint-Fuscien,Tarrade,Dauban,Dodd
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p. 6393 - 6397
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of a protected 3,4-dihydroxyproline from a pentose sugar
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Formula presented D-Ribonolactone (6) was transformed into N-((fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl)-3,4.bis.O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-D-2,3-cis-3, 4-cis-3,4-dihydroxyproline (13) in nine chemical steps. This represents a potentially general strategy for the synth
- Weir, Claudette A.,Taylor, Carol M.
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p. 787 - 789
(2008/02/11)
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- A synthetic route to 3-C-alkyl (or 3-C-phenyl-) 2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro- pentono-1,4-lactones: Intermediates in the synthesis of 2(3H)-furanones
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A series of 3-C-alkyl- (and 3-C-phenyl-) 2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentono- 1,4-lactones, compounds which are important in the synthesis of modified nucleosides and antibiotic sugars, were synthesized from D-ribonolactone. By a route that proceeded via 5-O-pr
- Raveendranath,Blazis,Agyei-Aye,Hebbler,Gentile,Hawkins,Johnson,Baker
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p. 207 - 223
(2007/10/02)
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- THE STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 2,3-CIS-DIHYDROXY-γ-BUTYROLACTONES BY THE OXIDATION OF γ-BUTENOLIDES WITH KMnO4-CROWN ETHER
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Oxidation of γ-butenolides was effected by KMnO4-crown ether to afford the corresponding 2,3-cis-dihydroxy-γ-butyrolactones in high yields.High stereoselectivity was observed in cases when bulky substituents were introduced at the γ-position of the buteno
- Mukaiyama, Teruaki,Tabusa, Fujio,Suzuki, Keisuke
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p. 173 - 174
(2007/10/02)
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- STUDIES ON STRUCTURALLY SIMPLE α,β-BUTENOLIDES-II (-)-(S)-γ-HYDROXYMETHYL-α,β-BUTENOLIDE AND DERIVATIVES FROM D-RIBONOLACTONE EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF (-)-RANUNCULIN
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A short synthesis of the title compound, 16, from D-ribonolactone is described.Two alternative approaches differing in the timing of the C=C double bond creation are used to prepare some chiral derivatives of 16. (-)-Ranunculin, a glycoside present in Ranunculaceae, has been synthetized for the first time.
- Camps, P.,Cardellach, J.,Font, J.,Ortuno, R. M.,Ponsati, O
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p. 2395 - 2402
(2007/10/02)
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