- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF GALETERONE
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A process for the synthesis of 3β-hydroxy-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene is described, a compound also known as Galeterone and used in the treatment of prostate cancer, having the formula (I) given below.
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Page/Page column 13-16
(2018/01/17)
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- NOVEL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TREATING PROSTATE CANCER
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Described herein are compounds, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat androgen receptor mediated diseases or conditions. In some embodiments, the solid matrix comprises a polymer. In some embodiments, the polymer is soluble in an aqueous solution. In particular embodiments, the aqueous solution is water. In other embodiments, the aqueous solution has a pH of 5.0 or greater.
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Paragraph 248; 0249
(2016/03/05)
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- BIOMARKERS FOR TREATMENT OF NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS USING ANDROGEN-TARGETED THERAPIES
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Described herein are methods and compositions for the treatment of prostate cancer in a subject in need thereof. The prostate cancer may be a castration resistant and an androgen receptor antagonist-resistant prostate cancer. The methods may comprise administering to the subject a CYP17-lyase inhibitor of Formula II.
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- Discovery and development of galeterone (TOK-001 or VN/124-1) for the treatment of all stages of prostate cancer
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In our effort to discover potent and specific inhibitors of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17), the key enzyme which catalyzes the biosynthesis of androgens from progestins, 3β-(hydroxy)-17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (Galeterone or TOK-001, formerly called VN/124-1) was identified as a selective development candidate which modulates multiple targets in the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. This drug annotation summarizes the mechanisms of action, scientific rationale, medicinal chemistry, pharmacokinetic properties, and human efficacy data for galeterone, which has successfully completed phase II clinical development in men with castration resistant (advanced) prostate cancer (CRPC). Phase III clinical studies in CRPC patients are scheduled to begin in early 2015.
- Njar, Vincent C. O.,Brodie, Angela M. H.
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p. 2077 - 2087
(2015/03/30)
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- ANDROGEN RECEPTOR DOWN-REGULATING AGENTS AND USES THEREOF
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The present disclosure provides the design and synthesis of novel steroidal compounds that cause down-regulation of the androgen receptor (AR), both full length and splice variant. The compounds are potential agents for the treatment of all forms of prostate cancer and other diseases that depend on functional AR.
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Paragraph 00121; 00122
(2014/10/04)
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- Systematic structure modifications of multitarget prostate cancer drug candidate galeterone to produce novel androgen receptor down-regulating agents as an approach to treatment of advanced prostate cancer
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As part of our program to explore the influence of small structural modifications of our drug candidate 3β-(hydroxy)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) androsta-5,16-diene (galeterone, 5) on the modulation of the androgen receptor (AR), we have prepared and evaluated a series of novel C-3, C-16, and C-17 analogues. Using structure activity analysis, we established that the benzimidazole moiety at C-17 is essential and optimal and also that hydrophilic and heteroaromatic groups at C-3 enhance both antiproliferative (AP) and AR degrading (ARD) activities. The most potent antiproliferative compounds were 3β-(1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5, 16-diene (47), 3-((EZ)-hydroximino)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-4,16-diene (36), and 3β-(pyridine-4-carboxylate)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5, 16-diene (43), with GI50 values of 0.87, 1.91, and 2.57 μM, respectively. Compared to 5, compound 47 was 4- and 8-fold more potent with respect to AP and ARD activities, respectively. Importantly, we also discovered that our compounds, including 5, 36, 43, and 47, could degrade both full-length and truncated ARs in CWR22rv1 human prostate cancer cells. With these activities, they have potential for development as new drugs for the treatment of all forms of prostate cancer.
- Purushottamachar, Puranik,Godbole, Abhijit M.,Gediya, Lalji K.,Martin, Marlena S.,Vasaitis, Tadas S.,Kwegyir-Afful, Andrew K.,Ramalingam, Senthilmurugan,Ates-Alagoz, Zeynep,Njar, Vincent C. O.
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p. 4880 - 4898
(2013/07/26)
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- NOVEL PRODRUGS OF C-17-HETEROARYL STEROIDAL CYP17 INHIBITORS/ANTIANDROGENS: SYNTHESIS, IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, PHARMACOKINETICS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY
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Prodrugs of steroidal C-17 benzoazoles, pyrimidinoazoles (azabenzoazoles) and diazines. Methods of synthesis are also described, whereby a prodrug group is substituted for a functional group at A ring portion of the ABC ring structure of the steroid. Suitable prodrug groups include amino acid groups, succinate groups, phosphate groups, or sulfamate groups. The prodrugs of the disclosed compounds allow for improved oral bioavailability of the compounds that are inhibitors of human CYP 17 enzyme as well as potent antagonists of both wild type and mutant androgen receptors (AR). The compounds and the corresponding prodrugs are useful for the treatment of conditions such as human prostate cancer, breast cancer, and prostate hyperplasia.
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Page/Page column 10; 34
(2009/10/22)
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- NOVEL C-17-HETEROARYL STEROIDAL CYP17 INHIBITORS/ANTIANDROGENS: SYNTHESIS, IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, PHARMACOKINETICS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY
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Described are steroidal C-17 benzoazoles, pyrimidinoazoles (azabenzoazoles) and diazines. Methods for their synthesis are also described, which include methods having a step of nucleophilic vinylic "addition-elimination" substitution reaction of 3F-acetoxy-17-chloro-16-formylandrosta-5,16-diene or analogs thereof and benzoazole or pyrimidinoazole nucleophiles and methods having a palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 17-iodoandrosta-5,16-dien-3F-ol or analogs thereof with tributylstannyl diazines. The compounds are potent inhibitors of human CYP 17 enzyme as well as potent antagonists of both wild type and mutant androgen receptors (AR). The compounds are useful for the treatment of human prostate cancer. "
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Page/Page column 27; 44
(2008/06/13)
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- Novel C-17-heteroaryl steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens: Synthesis, in vitro biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in the LAPC4 human prostate cancer xenograft model
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New chemical entities, steroidal C-17 benzoazoles (5, 6, 9 and 10) and pyrazines (14 and 15) were rationally designed and synthesized. The key reaction for synthesis of the benzoazoles involved the nucleophilic vinylic "addition-elimination" substitution reaction of 3β-acetoxy-17- chloro-16-formylandrosta-5,16-diene (2) and benzoazole nucleophiles, while that for synthesis of pyrazines involved palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 17-iodoandrosta-5,16-dien-3β-ol (13) with tributylstannyl diazines. Some of the compounds were shown to be potent inhibitors of human CYP17 enzyme as well as potent antagonist of both wild type and mutant androgen receptors (AR). The most potent CYP17 inhibitors were 3β-hydroxy-17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl) androsta-5,16-diene (5, code named VN/124-1), 3β-hydroxy-17-(5 1-pyrimidyl)androsta-5,16-diene (15) and 17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl) androsta-4,16-dien-3-one (6), with IC50 values of 300, 500 and 915 nM, respectively. Compounds 5, 6, 14 and 15 were effective at preventing binding of 3H-R1881 (methyltrienolone, a stable synthetic androgen) to both the mutant LNCaP AR and the wild-type AR, but with a 2.2- to 5-fold higher binding efficiency to the latter. Compounds 5 and 6 were also shown to be potent pure AR antagonists. The cell growth studies showed that 5 and 6 inhibit the growth of DHT-stimulated LNCaP and LAPC4 prostate cancer cells with IC 50 values in the low micromolar range (i.e., 10 μM). Their inhibitory potencies were comparable to that of casodex but remarkably superior to that of flutamide. The pharmacokinetics of compounds 5 and 6 in mice were investigated. Following s.c. administration of 50 mg/kg of 5 and 6, peak plasma levels of 16.82 and 5.15 ng/mL, respectively, occurred after 30 to 60 min, both compounds were cleared rapidly from plasma (terminal half-lives of 44.17 and 39.93 min, respectively), and neither was detectable at 8 h. Remarkably, compound 5 was rapidly converted into a metabolite tentatively identified as 17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-3-one. When tested in vivo, 5 proved to be very effective at inhibiting the growth of androgen-dependent LAPC4 human prostate tumor xenograft, while 6 was ineffective. Compound 5 (50 mg/kg/twice daily) resulted in a 93.8% reduction (P = 0.00065) in the mean final tumor volume compared with controls, and it was also significantly more effective than castration. To our knowledge, this is the first example of an antihormonal agent (an inhibitor of androgen synthesis (CYP17 inhibitor)/antiandrogen) that is significantly more effective than castration in suppression of androgen-dependent prostate tumor growth. In view of these impressive anticancer properties, compound 5 is a strong candidate for development for the treatment of human prostate cancer.
- Handratta, Venkatesh D.,Vasaitis, Tadas S.,Njar, Vincent C. O.,Gediya, Lalji K.,Kataria, Ritesh,Chopra, Pankaj,Newman Jr., Donnell,Farquhar, Rena,Guo, Zhiyong,Qiu, Yun,Brodie, Angela M. H.
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p. 2972 - 2984
(2007/10/03)
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