- METHOD FOR PREPARING NITRATE ESTER
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A method for preparing a nitrate ester is provided. The method includes providing a first solution including a compound (which has at least one hydroxyl group) and a carboxylic acid having 2-5 carbon atoms; providing a second solution including nitric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetic acid; and transferring the first solution and the second solution to a microreactor, obtaining a nitrate ester after a residence time. In particular, the ratio of the weight of nitric acid to the total volume of the acetic anhydride and acetic acid is 1:1 to 1:3.5. The ratio of the molar amount of nitric acid to the hydroxyl group equivalent of the compound is from 1:1 to 15:1.
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Paragraph 0026-0030
(2020/05/29)
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- An Improved Process for Industrial Production of Isosorbide-5-mononitrate: Recycling of Wastes
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Different schemes were studied for the recovery of wastes generated during the industrial production of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN). For the wastewater, disposal was achieved by hydrolysis of isosorbide-2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN) to the starting material isosorbide (IS) utilizing its alkaline environment, where NaOAc was also recovered effectively in the form of the trihydrate. For the solid waste, two different schemes were investigated: direct crystallization and catalytic hydrogenation. The former afforded useful isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) efficiently, and the latter provided an efficient and scalable route to synthesize IS-5-MN from ISDN. The combinations of unit operations were evaluated on a 100 kg scale and proved to be feasible and robust. The waste recycling strategy provides an eco-friendly complement for the industrial-scale preparation of IS-5-MN, which minimizes waste emission during the process.
- Zhu, Shi-Guo,Yang, Jiang-Tao,Zhang, Gui-Min,Chen, Cheng-Fu,Zhang, Fu-Li
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supporting information
p. 991 - 995
(2018/08/03)
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- Method for synthesizing 5-isosorbide mononitrate by aid of micro-channel reactors
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The invention belongs to the field of medicine synthesis, and particularly discloses a method for synthesizing 5-isosorbide mononitrate by the aid of micro-channel reactors. The method includes pumping nitrification reagents and isosorbide liquid into the micro-channel reactors and carrying out hybrid reaction; allowing products to flow out from outlets of the micro-channel reactors after the reaction is completely carried out; carrying out after-treatment on the products and separating and purifying the products to obtain the 5-isosorbide mononitrate which is a target product. The method hasthe advantages that the method is short in reaction time and is safe as compared with the traditional processes, and the yield of the 5-isosorbide mononitrate can be greatly increased.
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Paragraph 0048-0078; 0095; 0097
(2018/10/19)
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- NANOEMULSIONS HAVING REVERSIBLE CONTINUOUS AND DISPERSED PHASES
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A nanoemulsion having reversible continuous and dispersed phases. The nanoemulsion includes an aqueous phase and an oil phase, a weight ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase being 1:40-100:1. In the nanoemulsion, the aqueous phase is dispersed as nanosized droplets in the oil phase or the oil phase is dispersed as nanosized droplets in the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase contains water or a water solution and a water-soluble organic nanostructure stabilizer. The oil phase contains an oil or an oil solution, an organic gel thickener, and a hydrophilic surfactant having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value greater than 8.0. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the above-described nanoemulsion.
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- A 5-isosorbide Mononitrate the synthesis and purification method
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The invention provides a method for synthesizing and purifying 5-isosorbide mononitrate. The method comprises the steps of: (1) preparing a nitrifying reagent from concentrated nitric acid, acetic acid and acetic anhydride, and directly nitrifying isosorbide to obtain an isosorbide nitride mixture; (2) adding water to arouse a quenching reaction, separating out 2,5-isoscrbide dinifrate at a temperature ranging from 0 to 5 DEG C, and filtering out the 2,5-isoscrbide dinifrate; (3) reacting the filtrate with sodium hydroxide to prepare an isosorbide mononitrate sodium salt aquo-complex, filtering, and hydrolyzing the sodium salt; and (4) extracting, concentrating and recrystallizing to obtain high-purity 5-isosorbide mononitrate. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, safe, easy to operate and short in reaction period; impurities are easy to remove, and the yield and the purity are high; therefore, the method lays a foundation for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0045-0051
(2017/01/23)
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- VASODILATOR-ENHANCED CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
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A method for increasing blood flow to vital organs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a person experiencing a cardiac arrest may include performing standard or active compression decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a person to create artificial circulation by repetitively compressing the person's chest such that the person's chest is subject to a compression phase and a relaxation or decompression phase. The method may also include administering one or more vasodilator drugs to the person to improve the artificial circulation created by the cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The method may also include binding at least a portion of the person's abdomen, either manually or with an abdominal compression device. Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a person may include ventilating the person with either an impedance threshold device or a intrathoracic pressure regulator.
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- SYNTHESIS OF ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE
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A method of synthesising a compound of formula (1), in which each of R and R is independently selected from H or optionally substituted straight or branched chain C1-C30 alkyl, C1-C30 carboxyalkyl, C1-C30 sulphoxyalkyl, C1-C30 alkoxy, C3-C30 cycloalkyl, C3-C30 carboxycycloalkyl, C3-C30 sulphoxycycloalkyl, C3-C30 cycloalkoxy, heterocyclic, carboxyheterocyclic, sulphoxyheterocyclic, oxyheterocylic, C3-C30 cycloalkenyl, carboxycycloalkenyl, sulphoxycycloalkenyl or cycloalkenoxy, C8-C30 cycloalkynyl, carboxycycloalkynyl, sulphoxycycloalkynyl or cycloalkynoxy, C2-C30 alkynyl, carboxyalkynyl, sulphoxyalkynyl or alkynoxy group, C4-C30 aromatic, carboxyaromatic, sulphoxyaromatic or aryloxy, C4-C30 heteroaromatic, carboxyheteroaromatic, sulphoxyheteroaromatic or heteroaryloxy group, wherein in any of the hereto atom-containing groups the hetero atom is selected from O, S, and N; comprises treating a compound of formula (2) with a reducing system effective to reduce preferentially the compound of formula (2) at the 2-position to produce the compound of formula (1), wherein the reducing system comprises (i) hydrogen in the presence of a platinum-containing catalyst, or (ii) a hybride source in the presence of a transition metal phthalocyanine or polyphthalocyanine in which the transition metal is iron and/or cobalt.
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- A highly chemoselective reduction of isosorbide-2,5-dinitrate mediated by tetrathiomolybdate
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In an interesting reaction mediated by benzyltriethylammonium tetrathiomolybdate, [(PhCH2NEt3)2MoS4] isosorbide-2,5-dinitrate undergoes selective reduction to isosorbide-5-mono-nitrate in good yield.
- Bhar, Debjani,Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan
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p. 793 - 795
(2007/10/03)
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- Highly chemoselective reduction of 2,5-dinitro-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol with titanium(III) tetrahydroborates: Efficient synthesis of isomerically pure 2- and 5-nitro-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitols
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It has been found that the reduction of 2,5-dinitro-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (1) with titanium(III) tetrahydroborate (2) (- 78 → 0 °C) affords exclusively 2-nitro-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (3). On the other hand, reduction of dinitrate 1 with diisopropoxytitanium(III) tetrahydroborate (4) (- 78 → 0 °C) yields 5-nitro-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (5) as the only product.
- Ravikumar,Chandrasekaran
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p. 1032 - 1034
(2007/10/02)
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- Pharmaceutical preparations and a method of manufacturing them
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A sustained-release composition, which comprises (a) a substance which forms a gel in water, (b) a fat and/or oil which is solid at room temperature and (c) a pharmaceutical, said composition having a specific gravity of not more than about 1.
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- Pharmaceutical composition and process of treatment
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A process for alleviating proliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, etc. comprising administering to humans, or domesticated animals, topically and/or systemically a composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and at least one active compound selected from the groups, substituted alkyl zanthines, tricyclic antidepressants, organic nitrates, antihypertensives, anti-asthma agents and central nervous system depressants and combinations of certain compounds from specifically named groups of compounds.
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