- The putative endocannabinoid transport blocker LY2183240 is a potent inhibitor of FAAH and several other brain serine hydrolases
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How lipid transmitters move within and between cells to communicate signals remains an important and largely unanswered question. Integral membrane transporters, soluble lipid-binding proteins, and metabolic enzymes have all been proposed to collaborative
- Alexander, Jessica P.,Cravatt, Benjamin F.
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- (4-Phenoxyphenyl)tetrazolecarboxamides and related compounds as dual inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)
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Inhibitors of the enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the principle enzymes involved in the degradation of endogenous cannabinoids like anandamide and 2- arachidonoylglycerol, have potential utility in the treatment of several disorders including pain, inflammation and anxiety. In the present study, the effectivity and selectivity of eight known FAAH and MAGL inhibitors for inhibition of the appropriate enzyme were measured applying in vitro assays, which work under comparable conditions. Because many of the known FAAH and MAGL inhibitors simply consist of a lipophilic scaffold to which a heterocyclic system is bound, furthermore, different heterocyclic structures were evaluated for their contribution to enzyme inhibition by attaching them to the same lipophilic backbone, namely 4-phenoxybenzene. One of the most active compound synthesized during this investigation was N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2H- tetrazole-2-carboxamide (16) (IC50 FAAH: 0.012 μM; IC50 MAGL: 0.028 μM). This inhibitor was systematically modified in the lipophilic 4-phenoxyphenyl region. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the inhibitory potency against FAAH and MAGL, respectively, could still be increased by replacement of the phenoxy residue of 16 by 3-chlorophenoxy (45) or pyrrol-1-yl groups (49). Finally, the tetrazolecarboxamide 16 and some related compounds were tested for metabolic stability with rat liver S9 fractions showing that these kind of FAAH/MAGL inhibitors are readily inactivated by cleavage of the bond between the tetrazole ring and its carboxamide substituent.
- Holtfrerich, Angela,Hanekamp, Walburga,Lehr, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 64 - 75
(2013/07/27)
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- INHIBITORS OF FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE AND MONOACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE FOR MODULATION OF CANNABINOID RECEPTORS
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Disclosed are compounds and compositions that inhibit the action of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), methods of inhibiting FAAH and MGL, methods of modulating cannabinoid receptors, and methods of treating various disorders related to modulation of cannabinoid receptors.
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Page/Page column 73
(2009/10/22)
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- Carbamoyl tetrazoles as inhibitors of endocannabinoid inactivation: A critical revisitation
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We have synthesized a series of 18 1,5- and 2,5-disubstituted carbamoyl tetrazoles, including LY2183240 (1) and LY2318912 (7), two compounds previously described as potent inhibitors of the cellular uptake of the endocannabinoid anandamide, and their regioisomers 2 and 8. We confirm that compound 1 is a potent inhibitor of both the cellular uptake and, like the other new compounds synthesized here, the enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide. With the exception of 9, 12, 15, and the 2,5-regioisomer of LY2183240 2, the other compounds were all found to be weakly active or inactive on anandamide uptake. Several compounds also inhibited the enzymatic hydrolysis of the other main endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, as well as its enzymatic release from sn-1-oleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, at submicromolar concentrations. Four of the novel compounds, i.e. 3, 4, 17, and 18, inhibited anandamide hydrolysis potently (IC50 = 2.1-5.4 nM) and selectively over all the other targets tested (IC50 ≥ 10 μM), thus representing new potentially useful tools for the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase.
- Ortar, Giorgio,Cascio, Maria Grazia,Moriello, Aniello Schiano,Camalli, Mercedes,Morera, Enrico,Nalli, Marianna,Di Marzo, Vincenzo
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