- Method for synthesizing nitro (hetero) aromatic hydrocarbon
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing nitro (hetero) aromatic hydrocarbon, and belongs to the field of organic synthesis. According to the method, simple (hetero) aromatic hydrocarbon is taken as an initial raw material and is stirred and reacted in an organic solvent at 40-100 DEG C under the action of a nitration reagent, a lewis acid catalyst and protective gas, and nitro (hetero) aromatic hydrocarbon can be obtained. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of cheap and easily available raw materials, mild reaction conditions, simple preparation process, good chemical selectivity, wide substrate application range, easy amplification and the like, has great application potential, and lays a good foundation for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0030-0036; 0079-0081
(2022/04/08)
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- Activator free, expeditious and eco-friendly chlorination of activated arenes by N-chloro-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzene sulfonamide (NCBSI)
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N-Chloro-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzene sulfonamide (NCBSI) has been explored for the first time as a chlorinating reagent for direct chlorination of various activated arenes and heterocycles without any activator. A comparative in-silico study was performed to determine the electrophilic character for NCBSI and commercially available N-chloro reagents to reveal the reactivity on a theoretical viewpoint. The reagent was prepared by an improved method avoiding the use of hazardous t-butyl hypochlorite. This reagent was proved to be very reactive compared to other N-chloro reagents. The precursor of the reagent N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzene sulfonamide was recovered from aqueous spent, which can be recycled to synthesize NCBSI. The eco-friendly protocol was equally applicable for the synthesis of industrially important chloroxylenol as an antibacterial agent.
- Misal, Balu,Palav, Amey,Ganwir, Prerna,Chaturbhuj, Ganesh
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supporting information
(2021/01/04)
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- An organocatalytic C-C bond cleavage approach: A metal-free and peroxide-free facile method for the synthesis of amide derivatives
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A facile organocatalytic approach has been devised towards the synthesis of amide derivatives using 1,3-dicarbonyls as easily available acyl-sources under peroxide-free reaction conditions. This transformation was accomplished by the cleavage of the C-C bond in the presence of TEMPO as an organocatalyst and excludes the use of transition-metals and harsh reaction conditions. A broad range of substrates with diverse functional groups were well tolerated and delivered the products in high yields.
- Vodnala, Nagaraju,Gujjarappa, Raghuram,Polina, Saibabu,Satheesh, Vanaparthi,Kaldhi, Dhananjaya,Kabi, Arup K.,Malakar, Chandi C.
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supporting information
p. 20940 - 20944
(2020/12/31)
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- Transition-metal-free mono- or dinitration of protected anilines
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An amide-assisted arene nitration is presented, and both mono- and dinitration of protected anilines could be effected by using NaNO2 and NaNO3 as the mono- and bisnitrating agents, respectively. This divergent synthesis is transition-metal- and acid-free, and features a broad substrate scope, low cost, and ortho–para selectivity.
- Dai, Enrui,Dong, Ying,Dong, Yongrui,Kong, Rui,Liang, Deqiang,Liu, Guangzhang,Ma, Yinhai,Wu, Qiong
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- Regioselective nitration of anilines with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as a promoter and a nitro source
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An efficient Fe(NO3)3·9H2O promoted ortho-nitration reaction of aniline derivatives has been developed. This reaction may go through a nitrogen dioxide radical (NO2) intermediate, which is generated by the thermal decomposition of iron(iii) nitrate. The practicality of the present method using nontoxic and inexpensive iron reagents has been shown by the broad substrate scope and applications.
- Gao, Yang,Mao, Yuanyou,Zhang, Biwei,Zhan, Yingying,Huo, Yanping
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supporting information
p. 3881 - 3884
(2018/06/08)
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- Harnessing the pyrroloquinoxaline scaffold for FAAH and MAGL interaction: Definition of the structural determinants for enzyme inhibition
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This paper describes the development of piperazine and 4-aminopiperidine carboxamides/carbamates supported on a pharmacogenic pyrroloquinoxaline scaffold as inhibitors of the endocannabinoid catabolizing enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Structure-activity relationships and molecular modelling studies allowed the definition of the structural requirements for dual FAAH/MAGL inhibition and led to the identification of a small set of derivatives (compounds 5e, i, k, m) displaying a balanced inhibitory profile against both enzymes, with compound 5m being the frontrunner of the subset. Favorable calculated physico-chemical properties suggest further investigation for specific analogues.
- Brindisi, Margherita,Brogi, Simone,Maramai, Samuele,Grillo, Alessandro,Borrelli, Giuseppe,Butini, Stefania,Novellino, Ettore,Allarà, Marco,Ligresti, Alessia,Campiani, Giuseppe,Di Marzo, Vincenzo,Gemma, Sandra
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p. 64651 - 64664
(2016/07/23)
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- Design, synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of diazepinomicin derivatives
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A series of diazepinomicin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their growth inhibitory activity against the human carcinoma cell lines. The results indicated the anticancer selectivity of this kind of compounds. Based on the results, preliminary structure-activity relationships were discussed.
- Yu, Yongguo,Wu, Jianbo,Lei, Fan,Chen, Lei,Wan, Weili,Hai, Li,Guan, Mei,Wu, Yong
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p. 369 - 373
(2013/07/26)
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- Regioselective ortho-nitration of N-phenyl carboxamides and primary anilines using bismuth nitrate/acetic anhydride
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An efficient and one-pot synthetic method for the regioselective ortho-nitration of the N-phenyl carboxamides and primary anilines has been developed by using bismuth nitrate and acetic anhydride as the nitrating reagents. Reaction proceeds at room temperature and results in corresponding ortho-nitrated products in moderate to excellent yields. This method provides an operationally simple, regioselective, and efficient access to synthesize o-nitro anilines under the mild conditions.
- Lu, Yang,Li, Yaming,Zhang, Rong,Jin, Kun,Duan, Chunying
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supporting information
p. 9422 - 9427
(2013/10/08)
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- Discovery and optimization of benzotriazine Di-N-oxides targeting replicating and nonreplicating mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Compounds bactericidal against both replicating and nonreplicating Mtb may shorten the length of TB treatment regimens by eliminating infections more rapidly. Screening of a panel of antimicrobial and anticancer drug classes that are bioreduced into cytotoxic species revealed that 1,2,4-benzotriazine di-N-oxides (BTOs) are potently bactericidal against replicating and nonreplicating Mtb. Medicinal chemistry optimization, guided by semiempirical molecular orbital calculations, identified a new lead compound (20q) from this series with an MIC of 0.31 μg/mL against H37Rv and a cytotoxicity (CC 50) against Vero cells of 25 μg/mL. 20q also had equivalent potency against a panel of single-drug resistant strains of Mtb and remarkably selective activity for Mtb over a panel of other pathogenic bacterial strains. 20q was also negative in a L5178Y MOLY assay, indicating low potential for genetic toxicity. These data along with measurements of the physiochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profile demonstrate that BTOs have the potential to be developed into a new class of antitubercular drugs.
- Chopra, Sidharth,Koolpe, Gary A.,Tambo-Ong, Arlyn A.,Matsuyama, Karen N.,Ryan, Kenneth J.,Tran, Tran B.,Doppalapudi, Rupa S.,Riccio, Edward S.,Iyer, Lalitha V.,Green, Carol E.,Wan, Baojie,Franzblau, Scott G.,Madrid, Peter B.
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scheme or table
p. 6047 - 6060
(2012/09/05)
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- Reductive cyclization with baker's yeast of 4-alkyl-2-nitro-acetanilides to 6-alkylbenzimidazoles and 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-alkylbenzimidazoles
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Reduction of 4-substituted 2-nitroacetanilides by baker's yeast in acid media effected cyclization, resulting in the formation of n-substituted 2-methylbenzimidazoles and 6-substituted 1-hydroxy-2-methylbenzimidazole via the chemo- and regioselective reduction of the 2-nitro aromatic group to amine or hydroxylamine.
- Navarro-Ocana,Olguin,Luna,Jimenez-Estrada,Barzana
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p. 2754 - 2756
(2007/10/03)
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- Ammonium nickel sulphate mediated nitration of aromatic compounds with nitric acid
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Aromatic compounds were efficiently nitrated under mild conditions employing ammonium nickel sulphate and nitric acid as a reagent. This procedure works efficiently at room temperature yielding mononitro derivative in fair to good yield with high regioselectivity.
- Tasneem,Ali,Rajanna,Saiparakash
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p. 1123 - 1127
(2007/10/03)
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- Mild, efficient and selective nitration of anilides, non-activated and moderately activated aromatic compounds with ammonium molybdate and nitric acid as a new nitrating agent
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Ammonium molybdate [Mo(VI)] is operationally simple, environmentally safe and inexpensive reagent. Regioselective nitration of anilides, non-activated and moderately activated aromatic compounds could be afforded by employing ammonium molybdate and nitric acid as mild and effective nitrating agent. This procedure works efficiently under reflux conditions to prepare mononitroderivatives of anilides, non-activated and moderately activated aromatic compounds in good to excellent yield with high regioselectivity.
- Sana, Sariah,Rajanna,Ali, Mir Moazzam,Saiprakash
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- Hypoxia-Selective Agents Derived from Quinoxaline 1,4-Di-N-oxides
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Hypoxic cells, which are a common feature of solid tumors, but not normal tissues, are resistant to both anticancer drugs and radiation therapy.Thus the identification of drugs with selective toxicity toward hypoxic cells is an important objective in anticancer chemotherapy.The benzotriazine di-N-oxide (SR 4233, Tirapazamine) has been shown to be an efficient and selective cytotoxin for hypoxic cells.Since the bioreductive activation of Tirapazamine is thought to be due to the presence of the 1,4-di-N-oxide moiety, a series of 3-aminoquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxides with a range of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents in the 6- and /or 7- positions has been synthesized and evaluated for toxicity to hypoxic cells.Electrochemical studies of the quinoxaline di-N-oxides and Tirapazamine showed that as the electron-withdrawing nature of the 6(7)-substituent increases, the reduction potential becomes more positive and the compound is more readily reduced.Apart from the unsubstituted 6a and the 6,7-dimethyl derivative 6c, the quinoxaline di-N-oxide have reduction potentials significantly more positive than Tirapazamine (Epc -0.90 V).The most potent cytotoxins to cells in culture were the 6,7-dichloro and 6,7-difluoro derivatives 6i and 6l, which were 30-fold more potent than Tirapazamine.The 6(7)-fluoro and 6(7)-chloro compounds, 6e and 6h, showed the greatest hypoxia selectivity.Four of the compounds, 6e, 6f, 6h and 6i, killed the inner cells of multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro.In vivo Balb/c mice tolerated a dose of these four compounds twice the size of that of Tirapazamine.This study demonstrates that quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides could provide useful hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents.
- Monge, Antonio,Palop, Juan A.,Cerain, Adela Lopez de,Senador, Virginia,Martinez-Crespo, Francisko J.,et al.
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p. 1786 - 1792
(2007/10/02)
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- An Effective Method for Acylation of Weakly Nucleophilic Anilines with Silyl Carboxylates via Mixed Anhydrides
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In the presence of a catalytic amount of active titanium(IV) salt generated in situ from 1 mol of TiCl4 and 2 mol of AgOTf, weakly nucleophilic anilines react under mild conditions with nearly equimolar amounts of silyl carboxylates to afford the corresponding anilides in excellent yields using 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic anhydride.The mixed anhydride formed in situ from trimethylsilyl acetate and 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic anhydride, a key intermediate of this reaction, was detected by 1H NMR experiment.Further, it was shown that the reaction of the mixed anhydrides and 2-nitroaniline was faster than that of the corresponding homo anhydrides and 2-nitroaniline.
- Miyashita, Mitsutomo,Shiina, Isamu,Mukaiyama, Teruaki
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p. 210 - 215
(2007/10/02)
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- A Convenient Synthesis of Carboxanilides from Silyl Carboxylates and Weakly Nucleophilic Anilines Using p-Trifluoromethylbenzoic Anhydride and a Catalytic Amount of Active Titanium(IV) Salt
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Various carboxanilides are prepared in excellent yields from nearly equimolar amounts of silyl carboxylates and the corresponding weakly nucleophilic anilines under mild conditions by using p-trifluoromethylbenzoic anhydride and a catalytic amount of active titanium(IV) salt.
- Miyashita, Mitsutomo,Shiina, Isamu,Mukaiyama, Teruaki
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p. 1053 - 1054
(2007/10/02)
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- Oxidative chlorination of acetanilides with hydrogen chloride/m-chloroperbenzoic acid/N,N-dimethylformamide system
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The reaction of acetanilides with relevant amounts of HCl and m-chloroperbenzoic acid in DMF at room temperature gave the desired chloro-substituted acetanilides in good yields.
- Chung,Kim,Kim,Ryu
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p. 1917 - 1922
(2007/10/02)
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- A Comparison of the Reactions of Some Ethyl N-Arylcarbamates with Those of the Corresponding Acetanilides. I. Nitration
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The reactions of some ethyl N-arylcarbamates and of the corresponding acetanilides towards 1 equiv. of sodium nitrate in concentrated sulfuric acid at 0-5 deg have been compared with one another and have been found to exhibit significant differences.Except in the case of the unsubstituted analogues, nitration of the carbamates was found to occur significantly more quickly than that of the acetanilides as shown by (i) a representative competitive nitration, and (ii) the fact the carbamates containing a nitro group are nitrated smoothly whereas the corresponding nitroacetanilides are slow to react.On the basis of competitive reactions, it is suggested that this difference in reactivity is due to steric factors.
- Rosevear, Judi,Wilshire, John F. K.
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p. 723 - 733
(2007/10/02)
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