- BIOACTIVE PHENOLATE IONIC COMPLEXES
-
The invention provides an isolated material, or a phenolate form of at least one phenol- containing active material, wherein the isolated material comprises one or more phenolate species and a counter ion (a cation) in the form of a metal salt, a phosphonium or an ammonium.
- -
-
Page/Page column 73-74
(2021/10/30)
-
- Preparation method of thymol
-
The invention relates to a preparation method of thymol, and belongs to the technical field of medicine synthesis. The preparation method comprises the steps: carrying out coupling promotion on m-cresol and isopropyl chloride by adding a reaction auxiliary agent concentrated sulfuric acid and an ionic liquid, sealing a tube, carrying out a reaction at the temperature of 120-130 DEG C for 2 h, carrying out a reaction, cooling, dissolving the product in n-heptane, washing with water, concentrating and crystallizing to obtain the target product. The byproduct obtained by the method is easy to separate from the product, the production cost of the product is reduced, an expensive catalyst is not needed, the reaction time is short, the method is environment-friendly, the conversion rate of the target product is effectively improved, the purification is easy, the purity of the obtained product is high, and the method can be applied to reference substance research.
- -
-
Paragraph 0026-0037
(2020/08/22)
-
- Method for preparing menthone
-
The invention discloses a method for preparing menthone. In the method, menthone is synthesized by reaction of isopulegol with a catalytic active component loaded on modified resin as a catalyst. Thecatalytic active component is loaded on the resin by low temperature ultraviolet treatment, and isopulegol is made into menthone by heterogeneous catalysis under mild conditions. The catalytic activecomponent is loaded on the resin; because of the synergistic action of the catalytic active component and the resin, the reaction can be carried out efficiently and rapidly under the mild conditions,the conversion rate of the reaction can reach 90-99.9%, the chemical selectivity can reach 89-99.9%, the catalyst has a long life, the activity of the catalyst is basically stable after the catalyst is reused for 20 times, and the catalyst is reused maximally for 50 times.
- -
-
Paragraph 0072-0073; 0076-0081
(2019/02/13)
-
- Heterogeneously Catalysed Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Menthol in a Fixed-Bed Reactor in the Gas Phase
-
For the first time, the oxidative dehydrogenation of (?)-menthol to (?)-menthone and (+)-isomenthone in a marketable quality was carried out in a continuous gas phase reactor as a sustainable process using molecular oxygen as green oxidant and solid catalysts which do not contaminate the product mixture and which are easily to remove. The diastereomeric purity remained largely unchanged. Three types of catalysts were found to be very active and selective in the formation of menthone and isomenthone: AgSr/SiO2, CuO distributed on a basic support and RuMnCe/CeO2, where Ru, Mn and Ce exist in an oxidized state. The best overall yield of menthon/isomenthone obtained with an Ag-based catalyst was 58 % at 64 % selectivity, with a Cu-based catalyst 41 % at 51 % selectivity and with a Ru-based catalyst 68 % at 73 % selectivity. Reaction conditions were widely optimized.
- Kulik, Anna,Neubauer, Katja,Eckelt, Reinhard,Bartling, Stephan,Panten, Johannes,K?ckritz, Angela
-
p. 1066 - 1075
(2019/06/24)
-
- Thermal Behavior Analysis of Two Synthesized Flavor Precursors of N-alkylpyrrole Derivatives
-
To expand the library of pyrrole-containing flavor precursors, two new flavor precursors—methyl N-benzyl-2-methyl-5-formylpyrrole-3-carboxylate (NBMF) and methyl N-butyl-2-methyl-5-formylpyrrole-3-carboxylate (NUMF)—were synthesized by cyclization, oxidation, and alkylation reactions. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimeter, and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were utilized to analyze the thermal degradation behavior and thermal degradation products of NBMF and NUMF. The TG-DTG curve indicated that the maximum mass loss rates of NBMF and NUMF appear at 310 and 268°C, respectively. The largest peaks of NBMF and NUMF showed by the differential scanning calorimeter curve were 315 and 274°C, respectively. Pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detected small molecule fragrance compounds appeared during thermal degradation, such as 2-methylpyrrole, 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, limonene, and methyl formate. Finally, the thermal degradation mechanism of NBMF and NUMF was discussed, which provided a theoretical basis for their application in tobacco flavoring additives.
- Ai, Lvye,Liu, Mengzhen,Ji, Xiaoming,Lai, Miao,Zhao, Mingqin,Ren, Tianbao
-
p. 2389 - 2397
(2019/08/01)
-
- Alkylation of Phenols with tert-Butanol Catalyzed by H-Form of Y Zeolites with a Hierarchical Porous Structure
-
tert-Butyl-substituted phenols have been synthesized via the reaction of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresols with tert-butanol under the action of CBr4-promoted Y-zeolites in the H-form with a hierarchical porous structure.
- Bayguzina,Makhiyanova,Khazipova,Khusnutdinov
-
p. 1554 - 1559
(2019/10/14)
-
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALKYLPHENOLS
-
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an economically excellent and industrially advantageous method for producing 6-tert-butyl-4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol. SOLUTION: The method for producing 6-tert-butyl-4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol by isopropylation of 6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol is characterized by using an isopropylating agent in an amount of 1.0 mol equivalent or more based on 6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol. The method for producing 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol comprises subjecting 6-tert-butyl-4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol produced by the above-mentioned production method to debutylation. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2019,JPOandINPIT
- -
-
Paragraph 0053-0057; 0060-0064
(2019/12/05)
-
- Thymol, and preparation method and pharmaceutical composition thereof
-
The invention discloses thymol, and a preparation method and pharmaceutical composition thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of: conducting a condensation reaction on m-cresol and ethylacetoacetate to obtain 4,7-dimethylcoumarin, performing hydrolysis decarboxylation on the 4,7-dimethylcoumarin under conditions of a strong alkali and high temperature to obtain an organic phase C containing 5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)phenol, and reducing the organic phase C to obtain thymol. The preparation method of thymol disclosed by the invention is mild in conditions, does not need specialreaction equipment, and facilitates industrial production. With the preparation method, position selectivity is high, almost no position isomer is generated, the separated product is high in purity, the total yield is high and the product quality accords with current drug declaration requirements.
- -
-
Paragraph 0059-0062; 0067-0070; 0072; 0075-0078; 0083-0086
(2019/01/07)
-
- Selective alkylation of m-cresol with isopropyl alcohol under solvent-free conditions
-
The outcome of the solvent free alkylation of m-cresol with isopropyl alcohol over strong acid resin catalyst has been investigated under microwave irradiation as well as conventional heating. The various reaction parameters like catalyst amount, mole rat
- Teodorescu, Florina,Enache, Adrian,Sandulescu, Madalina
-
-
- Thyme camphor synthesis process
-
The invention discloses a thyme camphor synthesis process which comprises the following steps: alkylation: a G-type solid acid is taken as a catalyst, liquid m-cresol is pumped with a pump into a preheating section of a synthesis reactor, the flow rate is controlled with a flowmeter and an adjusting valve, propylene gas enters the preheating section of the synthesis reactor after being measured by the flowmeter, m-cresol and propene gas are preheated, the preheated mixture enters a reaction section of the synthesis reactor, the generated thyme camphor mixed solution is discharged after being cooled to 40 to 70 DEG C, and unreacted propene gas enters the synthesis reactor again after being compassed by a compressor for reaction, wherein the molar ratio of m-cresol to propene is 1:(1 to 5), the preheating temperature is 180 to 190 DEG C, the reaction temperature is 200 to 250 DEG C, and the reaction pressure is 0.1 to 0.3 MPa; rectification; solvent crystallization. The fixed bed catalyst, namely the G-type solid acid, is excellent in stability; the highest conversion rate of m-cresol is 82.1 percent; the highest product selectivity is 92.9 percent; the thyme camphor yield reaches up to 76.3 percent; recycling is realized; the reaction utilization ratio is high; the synthesis reaction is controlled automatically; the production is continuous; the technology is simple; the reaction cost is low.
- -
-
Paragraph 0023-0031
(2017/03/18)
-
- Synthetic method for thymol
-
The invention discloses a synthetic method for thymol. In present synthetic methods, some are low in selectivity, and some are high in operation condition control difficulty; in some methods, highly corrosive strong acid or lewis acid generating a large quantity of three wastes serves as a catalyst and can not be recycled, continuous production can not be achieved even by introducing propylene into a reaction kettle, and industrialization is impeded. According to the synthetic method, m-cresol and propylene serve as raw materials, and a reaction is carried out under the catalysis of an activated aluminum oxide catalyst prepared through a sol-gel method with doping cobalt as the main component; the structure of the activated aluminum oxide catalyst is CoandX@Al2O3, the weight ratio of cobalt is 0.1-15%, X is family-VIII transition metal except cobalt, and the content of X is smaller than that of cobalt. When the synthetic method is adopted for synthesizing the target product, conditions are easy to control, the process is environmentally friendly, and the catalyst is high in stability and long in service life; besides, selectivity is very high, continuous production can be achieved, and industrialization is promoted.
- -
-
Paragraph 0037-0039
(2017/04/29)
-
- Bismuth(III) triflate catalyzed tandem esterification–Fries–oxa-Michael route to 4-chromanones
-
An efficient tandem reaction approach is described to prepare 4-chromanones from electron-rich phenols and 3,3-dimethylacrylic acid or trans-crotonic acid in boiling toluene using 20?mol?% bismuth(III) triflate as the catalyst. The reaction is also successful from the corresponding aryl esters of each of these acids under the same conditions. The procedure is convenient to perform, and 25–90% yields of products are realized following chromatography. A range of substrates is included (14 substrates for each acid) to help define the scope of the process. Additional experiments are reported, which confirm that the sequence of events involves (1) esterification, (2) Fries rearrangement and (3) oxa-Michael ring closure.
- Meraz, Kevin,Gnanasekaran, Krishna Kumar,Thing, Rup,Bunce, Richard A.
-
supporting information
p. 5057 - 5061
(2016/11/02)
-
- Nanopalladium-catalyzed conjugate reduction of Michael acceptors-application in flow
-
A continuous-flow approach towards the selective nanopalladium-catalyzed hydrogenation of the olefinic bond in various Michael acceptors, which could lead to a greener and more sustainable process, has been developed. The nanopalladium is supported on aminofunctionalized mesocellular foam. Both aromatic and aliphatic substrates, covering a variation of functional groups such as acids, aldehydes, esters, ketones, and nitriles were selectively hydrogenated in high to excellent yields using two different flow-devices (H-Cube and Vapourtec). The catalyst was able to hydrogenate cinnamaldehyde continuously for 24 h (in total hydrogenating 19 g cinnanmaldehyde using 70 mg of catalyst in the H-cube) without showing any significant decrease in activity or selectivity. Furthermore, the metal leaching of the catalyst was found to be very low (ppb amounts) in the two flow devices.
- Nagendiran, Anuja,S?rensen, Henrik,Johansson, Magnus J.,Tai, Cheuk-Wai,B?ckvall, Jan-E.
-
supporting information
p. 2632 - 2637
(2016/05/24)
-
- PRODUCTION METHOD OF DIALKYLPHENOL
-
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing a dialkylphenol safely in a high yield which causes a reaction to proceed under relatively low temperature and pressure conditions. SOLUTION: A method of producing a dialkylphenol comprises reacting m-cresol with an organic acid isopropyl ester, such as isopropyl acetate, in the presence of a zeolite type catalyst, especially β-type zeolite catalyst at a reaction pressure of about 0-1.0 MPa and a reaction temperature of about 180-200°C to obtain a dialkylphenol, such as 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol or thymol. COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPOandINPIT
- -
-
Paragraph 0032
(2016/12/07)
-
- Selective oxidative homo-and cross-coupling of phenols with aerobic catalysts
-
Simple catalysts that use atom-economical oxygen as the terminal oxidant to accomplish selective ortho-ortho, ortho-para, or para-para homo-couplings of phenols are described. In addition, chromium salen catalysts have been discovered as uniquely effective in the cross-coupling of different phenols with high chemo-and regioselectivity.
- Lee, Young Eun,Cao, Trung,Torruellas, Carilyn,Kozlowski, Marisa C.
-
supporting information
p. 6782 - 6785
(2014/06/09)
-
- Improving carbon retention in biomass conversion by alkylation of phenolics with small oxygenates
-
Alkylation of phenolics with alcohols is an efficient way to retain carbon from small oxygenates in the liquid products of pyrolysis bio-oil. In this contribution, we have investigated the alkylation of m-cresol with several alkylating agents over H-Beta zeolite. The alkylation activity follows the sequence 2-propanol > propylene > 1-propanol. In all cases, propylene is the actual alkylation agent since the alcohols dehydrate at a faster rate than the rate of alkylation. A two-stage process is proposed to convert fractions of bio-oil rich in small aldehydes and ketones together with phenolics. In the first stage, aldehydes and ketones are selectively hydrogenated to alcohols. In the second stage, the resulting alcohols alkylate the phenolic compounds and get incorporated into the upgraded liquid. To illustrate this concept, two consecutive catalyst beds have been used. The first bed contains a metal catalyst for the selective hydrogenation. Among several catalysts investigated, Cu/SiO2 and Pt-Fe/SiO2 were found to exhibit good selectivity to hydrogenate the aldehyde and ketone, respectively, while preserving the aromatic ring of the phenolic compound. The second bed contains an H-Beta zeolite for the alkylation stage.
- Nie, Lei,Resasco, Daniel E.
-
-
- Ethylene glycol as hydrogen donor for the syntheses of thymol analogues via hydrolysis of 4-methylcoumarins
-
Treatment of 4-methylcoumarins with potassium hydroxide in ethylene glycol resulted in the formation of the 'normal' 2-isopropenylphenols and/or the 'abnormal' 2-isopropylphenols depending on the nature of the substrates. The solvent ethylene glycol was b
- Chang, Junbiao,Wang, Shuyang,Shen, Zhenhua,Huang, Gang,Zhang, Yueteng,Zhao, Jing,Li, Changwei,Fan, Fangfang,Song, Chuanjun
-
supporting information
p. 6755 - 6757,3
(2012/12/12)
-
- SYNTHETIC METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS
-
The invention provides synthetic methods that utilize bromo or chloro substituents as blocking groups during the functionalization of aromatic rings, as well as compounds that are prepared from such methods.
- -
-
Page/Page column 4; 5
(2011/01/11)
-
- Reductive dehalogenation of aryl bromides and chlorides and their use as aryl blocking groups
-
Bromo and chloro substituents serve as excellent blocking groups on aromatic rings. When a halo substituent is para to an ortho,para-directing group, the ortho positions can be easily functionalized, and the halo group can be subsequently removed by catalytic hydrogenation under neutral conditions. As expected, bromides are reduced more quickly than chlorides and the reaction requires the use of less catalyst. Bromides can be selectively reduced in the presence of nitro, chloro, cyano, keto, or carboxylic acid groups. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Ramanathan, Ahalya,Jimenez, Leslie S.
-
experimental part
p. 217 - 220
(2010/04/05)
-
- Chloroindate(iii) ionic liquids as catalysts for alkylation of phenols and catechol with alkenes
-
Chloroindate(iii) ionic liquids are shown to be versatile catalysts for the alkylation of phenols with alkenes, giving high conversions to alkylated phenols with high selectivities.
- Gunaratne, H. Q. Nimal,Lotz, Tobias J.,Seddon, Kenneth R.
-
scheme or table
p. 1821 - 1824
(2011/01/07)
-
- Evolved CYP102A1 (P450BM3) variants oxidise a range of non-natural substrates and offer new selectivity options
-
The evolution of CYP102A1 variants with enhanced activity and altered specificity characteristics. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Whitehouse, Christopher J. C.,Bell, Stephen G.,Tufton, Henry G.,Kenny, Richard J. P.,Ogilvie, Lydia C. I.,Wong, Luet-Lok
-
p. 966 - 968
(2008/09/21)
-
- Desaturation of alkylbenzenes by cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1)
-
A study was conducted to investigate the desaturation of alkylbenezenes by cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1). It was observed during the study that oxidation of alkylbenzenes with CYP102A1 involves a gamut of P450 activity types that are terminal, sub-terminal benzylic and aromatic hydroxylation; terminal and sub-terminal desaturation; and epoxidation of the olefins. It was also found that the desaturation of cumene by CYP102A1 is sensitive to α-deuteration and insensitive to β-deuteration. Intramolecular deuterium isotope study revealed that the first abstraction in the desaturation of valproic acid and ezlopitant by microsomal P450s take place from activated carbon atoms. The increased β-hydroxylation percentages show that the β-carbon lies closer to the ferryl oxygen in the KT5.
- Whitehouse, Christopher J.C.,Bell, Stephen G.,Wong, Luet-Lok
-
supporting information; scheme or table
p. 10905 - 10908
(2009/11/30)
-
- High-yielding cleavage of (aryloxy)acetates
-
A reliable and high-yielding one-pot sequence for the removal of O-carboxymethyl moieties from phenols is presented. When diethylphosphoryl azide is employed as the azide transfer reagent in the Curtius rearrangement and glycerol in the subsequent hydrolytic workup, the protocol can be reliably applied to a very broad scope of substrates. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
- Spurg, Anke,Waldvogel, Siegfried R.
-
p. 337 - 342
(2008/09/18)
-
- ALKYLATION OF HYDROXYARENES WITH OLEFINS, ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS IN IONIC LIQUIDS
-
Hydroxyarenes are alkylated using an ionic liquid catalyst system with olefins, alcohols, or ethers as alkylating agents. The ionic liquid catalyst system comprises chloroindate (III) anions. The reactions may be conducted at moderate temperatures and pressures to yield commercially relevant alkylated hydroxyarene compounds.
- -
-
Page/Page column 20-21
(2008/06/13)
-
- A novel route to produce thymol by vapor phase reaction of m-cresol with isopropyl acetate over Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves
-
Mesoporous Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al = 55 and 104) and Al,Zn-MCM-41 (Si/(Al+Zn)=52) molecular sieves were synthesized hydrothermally. The materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, TPD (pyridine), ICP-AES, nitrogen sorption, and FT-IR techniques. The catalytic performance of these materials was examined in the vapor phase alkylation of m-cresol with isopropyl acetate. The products obtained were thymol, isothymol, 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl acetate (2-I-5-MPA), and isopropyl-3-methylphenyl ether (I-3-MPE). The time-on-stream study was carried out over Al-MCM-41(55) at 300°C and WHSV 1.52 h-1 wherein optimum conversion of m-cresol and selectivity to thymol were obtained. The dependence of activity and selectivity on the acid sites and hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of the catalysts is discussed.
- Shanmugapriya,Palanichamy,Arabindoo, Banumathi,Murugesan
-
p. 347 - 357
(2007/10/03)
-
- Method for preparing a benzylic-type ether
-
The invention concerns a method for preparing a benzylic-type ether from an aromatic compound. The inventive method for preparing a benzylic-type ether from an aromatic compound is characterised in that it consists in: in a first step, acylating an aromatic compound by reacting said aromatic compound with an acylating agent, in the presence of an efficient amount of zeolite or a Friedel-Crafts catalyst leading to a ketonic compound; in a second step, reducing the carbonyl group into carbinol leading to a benzylic alcohol; in a third step, etherifying the hydroxyl group, by reacting the benzylic alcohol with another alcohol, in the presence of an efficient amount of zeolite.
- -
-
-
- Alkylation of phenol and m-cresol over zeolites
-
The alkylation of phenols and phenol derivatives such as m-cresol are important reactions in a sequence of syntheses for the production of many important fine chemicals. Specifically it is of great importance to develop catalysts and processes, which are able to selectively produce one or other particular isomer or derivative. This paper presents results of an investigation into the alkylation of phenol and m-cresol, respectively, using methanol in the former case and propene in the latter. The catalysts of choice were H-ZSM-5 and H-MCM-22. In the case of phenol methylation it was found that controlling diffusivity by increasing crystal size was most conducive to the formation of p-cresol. H-MCM-22 showed a high selectivity to p-cresol. In the case of m-cresol propylation the selectivity over H-ZSM-5 to thymol was greater than 90% at conversions of around 50%, and 80% at conversions of around 85%. This high selectivity to thymol was considerably greater than reported in previous papers. In both systems mild reaction temperature and pressure conditions were desirable so as to minimize the formation of oligomeric products of methanol (via dimethyl ether) and propene, which could cause deactivation of the zeolite.
- O'Connor, Cyril T.,Moon, Gillian,Boehringer, Walter,Fletcher, Jack C. Q.
-
p. 1949 - 1968
(2007/10/03)
-
- Compounds having protected hydroxy groups
-
The present invention relates to compounds with protected hydroxy groups of formula (I) These compounds are precursors for organoleptic agents, such as fragrances, and masking agents and for antimicrobial agents. When activated, the compounds of formula (I) are cleaved and form one or more organoleptic and/or antimicrobial compounds.
- -
-
-
- Salicylaldehyde-containing composition having antimicrobial and fragrancing properties and process for using same
-
Described are synergistic antimicrobial-fragrance compositions including broad spectrum antimicrobial compositions containing salicylaldehyde and at least one organoleptically-compatible antimicrobial synergism cofactor substance. The weight ratio range of salicylaldehyde:synergism cofactors substance is from 1:10 up to 10:1. The cofactor substance is such that the degree of synergism of the resultant mixture is defined according to the IFF Antimicrobial Synergism Test wherein the difference between the actual and expected antimicrobial values of the mixture is greater than or equal to a multiple of (i) 0.05 and (ii) the expected antimicrobial value of the mixture. Cofactor substances include phenolics such as cresol, caravacrol and thymol; ethyl vanillin; benzyl alcohol; indol; β-orcinol; and terpinenol-4. Microorganisms against which the synergistic compositions are effective include: Escherichia coli; Enterococcus hirae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus;and Saccharomyces cerevisae. The compositions have application in all-purpose cleaning compositions, gel-type toilet rim articles, liquid-type toilet rim articles, personal shower cleaning compositions, and body and hair care products including shower gel compositions, shampoo compositions and foam bath compositions.
- -
-
-
- Isopropylation of m-cresol over mesoporous Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves
-
A study on the isopropylation of m-cresol with isopropyl alcohol was carried out utilizing Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves with Si/Al ratios of 59:1, 103:1, and 202:1 at 250°-400°C. The products obtained were 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (IMP), isopropyl-3-methylphenyl ether (IMPE), and isopropyl-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl) ether (IIMPE). The m-cresol conversion increased till 300°C, after which it decreased. The selectivity of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (IMP) was more than that of the other products. Of the three catalysts studied for isopropylation of m-cresol with isopropyl alcohol in the vapor phase, AI-MCM-41 (59) was more suitable than Al-MCM-41 (103) and Al-MCM-41 (202). The feed ratio of 1:2 was more suitable for better conversion and 100% selectivity to IMP. The study of time on stream indicates the retention of activity even after 10 hr with the feed ratio of 1:4 for nearly 10% conversion. Al-MCM-41 could be a convenient and ecofriendly alternative to the hazardous and highly corrosive mineral acid catalysts for m-cresol isopropylation.
- Murugesan,Umamaheswari,Palanichamy
-
p. 367 - 374
(2007/10/03)
-
- Beta-ketoester compounds
-
The beta-ketoesters of formula I are useful as precursors for organoleptic compounds, especially for flavors, fragrances and masking agents and antimicrobial compounds.
- -
-
-
- Ketone precursors for organoleptic compounds
-
The invention discloses ketones of formula I: wherein, Y is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl, wherein each alkyl group is straight or branched and each alkyl and cycloalkyl group is saturated or unsaturated; R1is hydrogen or a C1-6alkyl group that is substituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched; A is a chromophoric substituted aromatic ring or ring system; n is an integer; and with the proviso that formula I is not 2-ethoxy-1-phenyl-ethanone. These compositions are useful for the delivery of organoleptic compounds, especially of flavors, fragrances, masking agents and antimicrobial compounds.
- -
-
-
- Reduction of sulfonates and aromatic compounds with the NiCl2 · 2H2O- Li-arene (cat.) combination
-
A series of alkyl mesylates, dimesylates and alkyl or aryl triflates have been reduced to the corresponding hydrocarbons with nickel(II) chloride dihydrate, an excess of lithium powder and a catalytic amount of DTBB (10 mol%) in THF at room temperature. This methodology applied to enol triflates allowed the preparation of olefins or alkanes depending on the amount of the Ni(II) salt used. The reduction of different aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds under the above mentioned conditions leads to the partial or total reduction of the starting materials, the process being a reasonable alternative to the well-known Birch reaction. The use of the deuterium oxide- containing nickel(lI) salt allows the simple preparation of deuterated products.
- Radivoy, Gabriel,Alonso, Francisco,Yus, Miguel
-
p. 14479 - 14490
(2007/10/03)
-
- Thermal degradation of terpenes: Camphene, Δ3-carene, limonene, and α-terpinene
-
Emissions from wood dryers have been of some concern for a number of years, and recent policy changes by the Environmental Protection Agency have placed emphasis upon the gaseous emissions that lead to the formation of particulate matter as small as 2.5 μm diameter. In this qualitative study, camphene, Δ3-carene, limonene, and α-terpinene were thermally degraded in the presence of air to determine the number and kind of oxidative degradation products that might be expected under drying conditions used in processing wood products. Various chromatographic methods were used to isolate the products for proof of structure by NMR and/or GC-MS. The degradation products resulted from dehydrogenations, epoxidations, double bond cleavages, allylic oxidations, and rearrangements. A number of compounds not previously associated with the thermal degradation of these terpenes were identified. Emissions from wood dryers have been of some concern for a number of years, and recent policy changes by the Environmental Protection Agency have placed emphasis upon the gaseous emissions that lead to the formation of particulate matter as small as 2.5 μm diameter. In this qualitative study, camphene, Δ3-carene, limonene, and α-terpinene were thermally degraded in the presence of air to determine the number and kind of oxidative degradation products that might be expected under drying conditions used in processing wood products. Various chromatographic methods were used to isolate the products for proof of structure by NMR and/or GC-MS. The degradation products resulted from dehydrogenations, epoxidations, double bond cleavages, allylic oxidations, and rearrangements. A number of compounds not previously associated with the thermal degradation of these terpenes were identified.
- Mcgraw, Gerald W.,Hemingway, Richard W.,Ingram Jr., Leonard L.,Canady, Catherine S.,Mcgraw, William B.
-
p. 4029 - 4033
(2007/10/03)
-
- The Photo-Fries Rearrangement of 2,5-Disubstituted Phenyl Acetates
-
In a homogenous solution, the photo-Fries rearrangement of 2,5-disubstituted phenyl acetates gives ortho-hydroxyacetophenones as major photoproducts.The ortho/para ratio can be increased by using a highly viscous medium or restricted spaces such as those in zeolites.On the other hand, micellar solutions have little effect.
- Suau, Rafael,Torres, Gregorio,Valpuesta, Maria
-
p. 1311 - 1314
(2007/10/02)
-
- Ni-Cu/Al2O3 containing O.1percent CeO2: A New Catalyst for Dehydrogenation of Alcohols
-
A highly active and selective catalyst containing 10percent Ni-Cu (atomic ratio 7 : 3) supported on alumina and promoted with 0.1percent cerium oxide was developed for dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols into corresponding ketones in vapour phase.
- Singh, Satendra,Dev, Sukh
-
p. 463 - 468
(2007/10/02)
-
- Cosmetic composition
-
Compositions containing an ester of nicotinic acid and a cosmetically acceptable surfactant are provided. These compositions, when applied topically to the human body produce a response such as a sensory or therapeutic response, for example a tingling or warming sensation or an increase in blood flow, which persists after the composition is rinsed from the body. The compositions are particularly suitable for application to the hair and/or scalp where they may encourage hair growth. Compositions for application to the hair and/or scalp preferably additionally comprise hair benefit agents such as hair growth promoters.
- -
-
-
- A Selective Hydrolysis of Aryl Acetates
-
Aryl and naphthyl acetates are efficiently hydrolyzed by reaction with toluene saturated with water and p-toluenesulfonic acid adsorbed on silica gel.The procedure allows the selective hydrolysis of aryl acetates in the presence of other ester groups.
- Blay, Gonzalo,Cardona, M. Luz,Garcia, M. Begona,Pedro, Jose R.
-
p. 438 - 439
(2007/10/02)
-
- FACILE SELECTIVE AMINOLYSIS OF PHENOLIC BENZOATES WITH 1-BUTANAMINE IN BENZENE
-
1-Butanamine in benzene at room temperature effects selective aminolysis of phenolic benzoates without affecting aliphatic benzoates
- Bell, Kevin H.
-
p. 2263 - 2264
(2007/10/02)
-
- Photochemical Transformationos of Protonated Phenols. A One-Step Synthesis of Umbellulone from Thymol
-
UV irradiation of thymol (7) at 254 or 300 nm in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid affords ten products, eight of which have been isolated and characterized.Four competitive processes are suggested to be operating in the formation of the photoproducts: (i) regioselective type A rearrangement leading to umbellulone (8, about 10percent, (ii) formal C2->C3 migration by type A rearrangement and ring opening which affords the principal products, 3-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (12, 17percent), (iii) intermolecular transalkylation leading to diisopropylphenols 13-15 (17percent), and (iv) formation ofpiperitenone (10, 5percent) initiated by hydrogen abstraction.A mechanism for the formation of 10 is proposed.Both para- and ortho-protonated 7 are suggested to be involved in product formation.
- Baeckstroem, Peter,Jacobsson, Ulla,Koutek, Bohumir,Norin, Torbjoern
-
p. 3728 - 3732
(2007/10/02)
-
- Some Novel Rearrangements of Monoterpenes with NBS/DMF Reagent
-
Some novel oxidation products have been obtained during the reaction of citronellol (1), car-3-ene (5), 4-acetyl-car-2-ene and piperitone with N-bromosuccinimide in basic medium.Such products have not been reported earlier under the conditions used.
- Agarwal, V. K.,Sethi, V. K.,Thappa, R. K.,Agarwal, S. G.,Dhar, K. L.
-
p. 996 - 998
(2007/10/02)
-
- Liquid Crystalline Catalysis, 3, Monomolecular Rearrangements of Terpene Derivatives in Liquid Crystalline Solvents
-
The ability of limonene and linalool to rearrange in mesomorphic media is apparently determined by the constraints exerted by the solvent structure on the translational diffusions of the reactant solute molecules.Selective conversions seem to be promoted by the different media.Alkylcyclohexyl- and alkylbicyclohexyl-carboxylic acids and their mixtures with toluic acid have been used as solvents.The B structure of their smectic phases has been demonstrated by X-ray diffraction studies.
- Melone, S.,Mosini, V.,Nicoletti, R.,Samori, B.,Torquati, G.
-
p. 399 - 410
(2007/10/02)
-
- Formation of an Unusual Trimer During Preparation of Thymol
-
In the dehydrodehalogenation of 2,4-dibromomenthone, in both acidic and alkaline media, in addition to thymol two other minor products are also obtained.One of them is shown to be a novel alkylation product and characterised as 4,4',4''-trioxy-2,2',2''-trimethyl-5,5',5''-triisopropyltriphenylmethane (4,4',4''-trithymylmethane) on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data.
- Agarwal, S. G.,Thappa, R. K.,Dhar, K. L.,Atal, C. K.
-
p. 545 - 546
(2007/10/02)
-
- THE ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF THE DICIPIENE DITERPENES
-
The absolute configuration of the dicipiene diterpenes has been determined by degradation to 4R-4-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-pentanoic acid.Photolysis of 1,18-diacetoxy-13-oxodecipi-14-ene proceeds through a novel photochemical reaction, formally a cycloreversion, to generate a key intermediate for the degradation.
- Croft, K. D.,Ghisalberti, E. L.,Jefferies, P. R.,Stuart, A. D.
-
p. 383 - 387
(2007/10/02)
-
- Hard Acid and Soft Nucleophile System. 2.Demethylation of Methyl Ethers of Alcohol and Phenol with an Aluminum Halide-Thiol System
-
Aliphatic and aromatic methyl ethers have been easily cleaved on treatment with a hard acid, aluminum halide, and a soft nucleophile, EtSH, to give parent alcohols and phenols, respectively.With compounds possessing both aliphatic and aromatic methyl ether groups, simultaneous demethylation of both types of ethers occurred.The ethereal carbon-oxygen bond in compounds possessing both ether and ester groups was selectively cleaved under mild conditions by using dichloromethane as a cosolvent.Acetoxyl and N-acetyl groups were shown to be stable to this reagent system, except for easy hydrolysis of aromatic acetoxyl groups under conditions of workup after the reaction.
- Node, Manabu,Nishide, Kiyoharu,Fuji, Kaoru,Fujita, Eiichi
-
p. 4275 - 4277
(2007/10/02)
-
- Process for producing menthone
-
A process for producing menthone comprising dehydrogenating citronellol in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst at about 150 to about 260° C in an atmosphere of hydrogen under a pressure of 0 to about 5 kg/cm2. G and a process for producing menthol. Since the dehydrogenation catalyst has a hydrogenating ability, an embodiment additionally includes the ability to ultimately produce menthol in the same reactor without separating the catalyst or adding additional or another catalyst to the system by simply changing the temperature and the hydrogen pressure. Embodiments also include producing menthone and also ultimately menthol utilizing geraniol or a mixture of geraniol and citronellol as a starting material again without catalyst separation or use of additional or another catalyst.
- -
-
-