Metal-free, efficient oxyfluorination of olefins for the synthesis of α-fluoroketones
A novel oxyfluorination of olefin reactions has been developed. The reactions involve a metal-free and green catalytic system for the synthesis of α-fluoroketones which is an important building block for organic synthesis. Moreover, this reaction system exhibits great functional group tolerance.
Fluoro-substituted ketones from nitriles using acidic and basic reaction conditions
Fluoro-substituted aliphatic nitriles are shown to undergo the Houben-Hoesch reactions with arenes in CF3SO3H to give fluoro-substituted ketones in good yields. The fluorine substituents appear to enhance the reactivities of the nitriles (and the nitrilium ion intermediates) compared to similar aliphatic nitriles. Fluoro-substituted ketones are also shown to be accessible through the reactions of organometallic reagents and fluoro-substituted nitriles.
Raja, Erum K.,Klumpp, Douglas A.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 5170 - 5172
(2011/10/13)
Hard Acid and Soft Nucleophile Systems. Part 11. Har-Soft Affinity Inversion: Dehalogenation of α-Halogeno Ketones with Aluminium Chloride and a Thiol
α-Halogeno ketones have been dehalogenated with a combination of aluminium chloride and ethanethiol.The mechanism involved in deiodination and debromination differs from that of dechlorination and defluorination.A hard-hard interaction between carbonyl oxygen and aluminium chloride and a soft-soft interaction between iodine or bromine and thiol are the dominant factors for direct deiodination and debromination.In dechlorination and defluorination there is initial formation of the corresponding dithioacetal, whereby hard carbonyl oxygen is replaced by the soft sulphur atom. α-Chloro- and α-fluoro-dithioacetals then undergo dehalogenation to afford vinyl sulphide as a result both of a favourable soft-soft interaction between the sulphur atoms in the dithioacetal entity and thiol, and also a favourable hard-hard interaction between the nucleopilic chlorine or fluorine and aluminium chloride. α-Chloro- and α-fluoro-benzyl benzyl ketones afforded the dehalogenated product with concomitant 1,2-transposition of the carbonyl group.This suggests that there is an indirect path which operates competitively via a 1,2-dithio-olefin from α=halogenodithioacetals to vinyl sulphide.Addition of thiol to vinyl sulphide leads to the final product.A concept of hard-soft affinity inversion is proposed.