- Continuous flow preparation method 1,trichlorhydrin
-
The invention relates to a continuous flow preparation method of 1,when 3 - chloropropene liquid and liquid chlorine are pumped into the reaction device through the metering pump, and the reaction is continuously reacted under -20 - 30 °C conditions to obtain 1,trichlorhydrin. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages of small liquid holding amount, large liquid chlorine gas flux, good mass transfer heat transfer effect, short reaction time, no byproduct generation, less occupied area, high product yield and high content, and is safe and reliable in reaction and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
- -
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Paragraph 0013-0023
(2021/10/20)
-
- Novel method for producing 2-amino-1, 3-propylene glycol by JIT method
-
The invention belongs to the field of fine chemical engineering, and relates to a novel method for producing 2-amino-1, 3-propylene glycol by a JIT method, the novel method is composed of a catalytic chlorination reaction and a catalytic amination reaction, glycerol is chlorinated by hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of zinc chloride to obtain 2-chloro-1, 3-propylene glycol, and the 2-chloro-1, 3-propylene glycol is subjected to a catalytic reaction by urotropin to obtain 2-chloro-1, 3-propylene glycol.
- -
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Paragraph 0042-0047
(2021/11/26)
-
- Synthesis method of 2,3-dichloropropene
-
The invention discloses a synthesis method of 2,3-dichloropropene. The synthesis method comprises the step that 2,3-dichloropropene is obtained through cleavage reaction of 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Thesynthesis method is simple in technology, continuous production is adopted to change a gas-liquid reaction into a gas-gas reaction, the reaction route is short, the cost is low, the benefit is high,and the mole yield is 98% (relative to 1,2,3-trichloropropane). The production efficiency and the equipment utilization rate are high, nitrogen is utilized to dilute and protect 2,3-dichloropropene, the product quality is stable, and the technology is safe and reliable. The technological design is reasonable, the process is safe and controllable, the production fee is low, and no waste water is generated.
- -
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Paragraph 0036-0041
(2018/11/03)
-
- Synthesis method of 1,2,3-trichloropropane
-
The invention discloses a synthesis method of 1,2,3-trichloropropane. The synthesis method comprises the following steps of: after vaporizing 3-chloropropene, reacting with chlorine gas and obtaining1,2,3-trichloropropane. The synthesis method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the process is simple, continuous production is adopted, gas-liquid reaction is changed into gas-gas reaction, the reaction path is short, the cost is low, the yield is high, and the molar yield is 98%; the production efficiency and the equipment utilization rate are high, and nitrogen gas is used for dilution and protection, so that the product quality is stable, and the process is safe and reliable; the automation degree is high, the process is safe and controllable, the production cost islow and no waste water is produced.
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Paragraph 0036; 0037; 0038; 0040
(2018/11/03)
-
- Traditional Chinese medicine composition and preparation method and application thereof
-
The invention provides traditional Chinese medicines. According to the traditional Chinese medicines, based on the traditional Chinese medicine principle of 'monarch, minister, assistant and guide', the traditional Chinese medicines are reasonablu prepared and are compatible with one another, and thus the purpose of preventing and curing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is achieved; inthe traditional Chinese medicines, radix ginseng, sanguis draconis, crocus sativus, a ginkgo folium extract and lumbrukinase can improve blood microcirculation in a synergistic mode, blood vessels areexpanded, and discharging of blood poison of heavy metals, lactic acid, fat and the like in the blood is promoted; radix notoginseng, hirudo, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, gastrodiae rhizoma, faeces trogopterori, persicae semen, eupolyphaga, rhizoma chuanxiong and liquidambar infructescence have the efficacy of decreasing the blood pressure, reducing blood fat, improving the human body immunity and clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, the rest medicines are matched for promoting blood microcirculation and achieving the efficacy of clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, and thus the medicine effect is promoted; the medicines are compatible to clear and activate the channels and collaterals, dredge the blood vessels and make blood circulation more smooth, andthe traditional Chinese medicines can effectively prevent and cure the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. According to a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicines composition, effective components of ginkgo folium total flavone glycosides and ginkgo folium total lactone in ginkgo folium can be fully extracted, the pertinence of the method is high, and the extraction efficiency of effective components of the medicines is high.
- -
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Paragraph 0036; 0037; 0038; 0040
(2018/11/03)
-
- A safer and greener chlorohydrination of allyl chloride with H2O2 and HCl over hollow titanium silicate zeolite
-
Industrial production of dichloropropanols through chlorohydrination of allyl chloride suffers from a series of disadvantages such as use of hazardous Cl2, low atom economy, low dichloropropanol concentration and serious pollution. In this work, a safer and greener route for chlorohydrination of allyl chloride with H2O2 and HCl over hollow titanium silicate (HTS) at mild condition is developed. Unlike the traditional Cl2-based chlorohydrination, this novel method is initiated via synergistic effect of Lewis acidity (HTS) and Br?nsted acidity (HCl) to promote occurrence of oxidation, protonation and nucleophilic reaction of allyl chloride simultaneously and hence dichloropropanols are generated. Owing to a completely different reaction route, the formation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane by-product is depressed and the content of dichloropropanol exceeded 22?wt%, which increase by about 4 times compared with traditional Cl2-based chlorohydrination (the content of dichloropropanol is below 4?wt%). At the optimized conditions, both of the allyl chloride conversion and dichloropropanol selectivity could approach 99% simultaneously and the waste is minimized. What's more, the HTS was reusable. Concentrated HCl solution treatment was adopted to test HTS's stability. The characterization and catalytic evaluation results reveal that, although parts of the framework Ti species have transformed into non-framework Ti and then leached into the solution, HTS remains structural stable, and the allyl chloride conversion and dichloropropanol selectivity didn't decrease obviously during the treatment.
- Peng, Xinxin,Xia, Changjiu,Lin, Min,Shu, Xingtian,Zhu, Bin,Wang, Baorong,Zhang, Yao,Luo, Yibin,Mu, Xuhong
-
-
- Compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,2,3-tetra-chloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane
-
The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
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Page/Page column 5
(2016/05/09)
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- Trihaloisocyanuric Acid/Triphenylphosphine: An Efficient System for Regioselective Conversion of Epoxides into Vicinal Halohydrins and Vicinal Dihalides under Mild Conditions
-
A new synthetic method has been developed for the regioselective conversion of epoxides to vicinal chloro-/bromohydrins and vicinal dihalides by reaction with the system trihaloisocyanuric acid/tri?phenylphosphine in acetonitrile under mild and neutral conditions. The reactions proceed smoothly in high yield at room temperature and at reflux, respectively, over a short time.
- De Andrade, Vitor S. C.,De Mattos, Marcio C. S.
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p. 1381 - 1388
(2016/05/19)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PROPENES
-
Processes for the production of chlorinated propenes are provided. The processes make use of 1,2-dichloropropane as a starting material and subject a feedstream comprising the same to an ionic chlorination process. At least a portion of any tri- and tetrachlorinated propanes not amenable to ionic chlorination conditions are removed from the ionic chlorination product stream, or, are subjected to chemical base dehydrochlorination step. In this way, recycle of intermediates not amenable to ionic chlorination reactions is reduced or avoided, as is the buildup of these intermediates within the process. Selectivity and, in some embodiments, yield of the process is thus enhanced.
- -
-
Paragraph 0069; 0070; 0071
(2014/07/08)
-
- PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED ALKANES
-
Processes for the production of chlorinated alkanes are provided. The present processes comprise reacting one or more mono- and/or dichloroalkanes to form tri-, tetra- and/or pentachloroalkanes, with high regioselectivity. In those embodiments wherein a dichloroalkane is desirably utilized, it may advantageously be a vicinal dichloroalkane. Further, only one catalyst is utilized. The present processes make use of sulfuryl chloride as a chlorinating agent, rather than a gaseous chlorinating agent such as chlorine gas. Finally, the process uses lower intensity process conditions than at least some conventional processes, and thus, operating costs are saved.
- -
-
Paragraph 0031-0033
(2013/06/06)
-
- PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PROPANES AND PROPENES
-
Processes for the production of chlorinated propanes and propenes are provided. The present processes comprise catalyzing at least one chlorination step with one or more regios elective catalysts that provide a regioselectivity to one chloropropane of at least 5: 1 relative to other chloropropanes.
- -
-
Paragraph 0042; 0043; 0044
(2013/07/05)
-
- SULFURYL CHLORIDE AS CHLORINATING AGENT
-
The use of sulfuryl chloride, either alone or in combination with chlorine, as a chlorinating agent is disclosed.
- -
-
Paragraph 0081-0083
(2013/07/05)
-
- PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED ALKANES
-
Processes for the production of chlorinated alkanes are provided. The present processes comprise catalyzing the chlorination of a feedstream comprising one or more alkanes and/or alkenes with a catalyst system comprising one or more inorganic iodine salts and/or lower than conventional levels of elemental iodine and at least one Lewis acid. The processes are conducted in a nonaqueous media, and so, the one or more inorganic iodine salts are recoverable and/or reusable, in whole or in part.
- -
-
Paragraph 0037-0040
(2013/06/27)
-
- PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PROPENES
-
Processes for the production of chlorinated propenes are provided. The present processes make use of a feedstream comprising 1,2-dichloropropane, a by-product in the production of chlorohydrin, as a low cost starting material, alone or in combination with 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Selectivity of the process is enhanced over conventional processes employing successive chlorinations and/or dehydrochlorinations, by conducting at least one chlorination in the presence of an ionic chlorination catalyst. The present processes may also generate anhydrous HCl as a byproduct that can be removed from the process and used as a feedstock for other processes, providing further time and cost savings.
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-
Page/Page column 16
(2013/02/27)
-
- PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED PROPENES
-
Processes for the production of chlorinated propenes are provided. The present processes make use of 1,2-dichloropropane, a by-product in the production of chlorohydrin, as a low cost starting material, alone or in combination with 1,2,3-trichloropropane. The present processes can also generate anhydrous HCl as a byproduct that can be removed from the process and used as a feedstock for other processes, providing further time and cost savings. Finally, the processes are advantageously conducted in the liquid phase, thereby presenting additional savings as compared to conventional, gas phase processes.
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-
Page/Page column 19-20
(2013/02/28)
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- PROCESSES FOR PREPARING 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLOROPROPENE
-
Provided is a continuous process for preparing 1,1,2,3-tetrachloro-1-propene having the steps of catalytically dehydrochlorinating CH2ClCCl2CH2Cl in the gas phase to produce CHCl═CClCH2Cl; chlorinating the CHCl═CClCH2Cl to form CHCl2CCl2CH2Cl; and catalytically dehydrochlorinating the CHCl2CCl2CH2Cl in the gas phase to form CCl2═CClCH2Cl.
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-
Page/Page column 2
(2009/02/11)
-
- MANUFACTURE OF DICHLOROPROPANOL
-
Manufacture of dichloropropanol Process for manufacturing dichloropropa nol wherein a glycerol-based product comprising at least one diol containi ng at least 3 carbon atoms other than 1,2- propanediol, is reacted with a chlorinati ng agent, and of products derived from dichloropropanol such as ep ichlorohydrin and epoxy resins. No figure.
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-
Page/Page column 19-21
(2009/03/07)
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- Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 2-Cyano-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methylaminoacrylates
-
A series of 2-cyano-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methylaminoacrylates were synthesized as herbicidal inhibitors of PSII electron transport. All of these compounds exhibited good herbicidal activities. In particular, (Z)-ethoxyethyl 2-cyano-3-isopropyl-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methylaminoacrylate showed excellent herbicidal activities even at a dose of 75 g/ha. A suitable group at the 3-position of acrylate was essential for high herbicidal activity. 2-Cyanoacrylates containing a 2-chloro-5-thiazolyl group are a novel class of herbicides and display herbicidal activities comparable to existing analogues bearing chloropyridyl or chlorophenyl.
- Wang, Qingmin,Li, Heng,Li, Yonghong,Huang, Runqiu
-
p. 1918 - 1922
(2007/10/03)
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- Determination of the hydrogen-bond basicity of weak and multifunctional bases: The case of lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane)
-
We made use of four methods for determining the hydrogen-bond (HB) basicity of lindane (λ-hexachlorocyclohexane): (i) experimental Fourier transform IR measurement of a sum of individual 1:1 equilibrium constants for the formation of 1:1 4-fluorophenol-lindane hydrogen-bonded complexes in CCl4; (ii) calculation of the overall HB basicity from octanol-water partition coefficients; (iii) correlation of the HB basicity of chloroalkanes with the electrostatic potentials around chlorine atoms; and (iv) correlation of the HB basicity of chloroalkanes with the computed enthalpy of their complexes with hydrogen fluoride. It is consistently found that lindane remains a weak HB base because multifunctionality cannot fully compensate for the electron-withdrawing inductive effects that chlorine atoms exert over one another. Actually, only five chlorine atoms behave as HB acceptors, one axial chlorine being deactivated by inductive effects. Stereoelectronic effects lead to the formation of three-centered hydrogen bonds. Copyright
- Ouvrard, Carole,Lucon, Maryvonne,Graton, Jerome,Berthelot, Michel,Laurence, Christian
-
-
- Benzothiophenes formulations containing same and methods
-
This invention provides compounds of formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, characterized that the compound is in particulate form and having a specific size range. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions containing or formulated using compounds of formula I, and the use of such compounds for alleviating human pathologies, including osteoporosis, serum lipid lowering, and breast cancer.
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-
-
- Haloalkyl hemisolvates of 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[4-piperidinoethoxy)-benzoyl]benzo[b]thiophene
-
The present invention is directed to chemical processes for preparing 2-aryl-6-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoyl]benzo[b]thiophenes. The present invention is also directed to crystalline solvates and a non-solvated crystalline form of 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[4-(2-piperidinoethoxy)benzoyl]benzo[b]thiophene hydrochloride, as well as processes for their preparation.
- -
-
-
- Reaction of ortho-Phenylenedioxytrihalophosphoranes with Epichlorohydrin
-
Dynamic 31P NMR spectroscopy was applied to investigate the reactions of o-phenylenedioxytrihalophosphoranes and bis(o-phenylenedioxy)halophosphoranes with epichlorohydrin as a function of the reagent ratio. α-Opening of the epoxide ring predominantly occurs. With excess epichlorohydrin the reaction with o-phenylenedioxytrichlorophosphorane results in formation of pentaalkoxyphosphorane, while in the reaction with o-phenylenedioxytechintribromophosphorane a mixture of phosphate and pentaalkoxyphosphorane is formed.
- Mironov,Konovalova,Khanipova
-
-
- New applications of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) in organic synthesis. Halo-de-hydroxylation and dihalo-de-oxo-bisubstitution reactions
-
Tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) has been used for the halo-de-hydroxylation and dihalo-de-oxo-bisubstitution reactions of benzylic alcohols, benzaldehydes, acyloins, and epoxides to their chlorides, gem-dichlorides, vic-trichlorides, and vic-dichlorides respectively.
- Firouzabadi, Habib,Shiriny, Farhad
-
p. 14929 - 14936
(2007/10/03)
-
- Solvent pressure effects in free radical reactions. 2. Reconciliation of the gas and condensed phase chlorination of cyclopropane
-
The results reported herein demonstrate that the chemoselectivity (SH2 ring opening vs abstraction of a cyclopropyl hydrogen) associated with the free radical chlorination of cyclopropane is solvent dependent. Internal pressure is implicated as the solvent parameter responsible for the observed solvent effect. (Solvents of high internal pressure favor the SH2 process; hydrogen abstraction becomes more important in solvents of low internal pressure or in the gas phase.) Extrapolation of the solution phase results to zero internal pressure accurately predicts the gas-phase result, suggesting that the difference in chemoselectivity between the vapor- and condensed-phase reactions is attributable to internal pressure in the condensed phase medium. No evidence for the chlorine atom cage effect is found in the chlorination of cyclopropane.
- Tanko, James M.,Suleman, N. Kamrudin
-
p. 5162 - 5166
(2007/10/02)
-
- REACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH SF4-HF-HALOGENATING SYSTEM VII. REACTIONS OF OLEFINS WITH THE SF4-HF-Cl2(Br2) SYSTEM
-
Under the influence of the SF4-HF-Cl2(Br2) system halogen-containing olefins undergo conjugate halogenofluorination.It was shown for the case of (Z)- and (E)- 1,2-dichloroethenes that these reactions take place anti-stereospecifically through the formation of the bromonium ions.The accumulation of chlorine atoms in the olefin molecule hinders electrophilic addition of stoichiometric equivalents of ClF and BrF at the double bond.The SF4-HF-Br2 system is an effective agent for substitutive fluorination of organic compounds containing bromine.Only the bromine atoms situated at the secondary carbon atom are substituted by fluorine.
- Kunshenko, B. V.,Mokhamed, Nagib Mukhtar,Omarov, V. O.,Muratov, N. N.,Yagupol'skii, L. M.
-
p. 511 - 518
(2007/10/02)
-
- THERMAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF 1,2-CHLOROHYDRINS
-
The composition of the products and the kinetic parameters were determined for the liquid-phase thermolysis of 2-chloro-1-propanol at 130-160 deg C and of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol at 180-200 deg C.The intramolecular dehydrochlorination of the 1,2-chlorohydrins is based on a process of the E1 type with the formation of an enol, which rearranges to the carbonyl compound according to the El'tekov rule; the isomerization of 1,2-chlorohydrins catalyzed by hydrogen chloride and their reaction with hydrogen chloride take place through the formation of a chloronium cation, which is attacked in the first case by a water molecule and in the second by the chloride ion.
- Zil'berman, I. E.,Kolesnikov, V. A.,Danov, S. M.,Efremov, R. V.
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p. 542 - 547
(2007/10/02)
-
- NONAQUEOUS SOLUTION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID AND CHLOROHYDRINATION REACTIONS OF CERTAIN LOWER ALKENES.
-
A study was made of the problems of preparing stable, highly concentrated nonaqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid and carrying out chlorohydrination reactions in them. The results on the chlorohydrination of alpha -alkenes showed that, in principle, it is possible and advisable to use solutions of hypochlorous acid in organic solvents, in particular, aliphatic and alicyclic ketones, ethyl acetate and tributyl phosphate. The use of organic solvents noticeably improves the stability of HOCl, so that the working concentrations of the acid can be increased, and the chlorohydrination reaction products can be more easily isolated.
- Bikbulatov,Valitov,Gromova,Stepanova,Martynova
-
p. 2314 - 2317
(2007/10/02)
-
- CHLORINATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPLEX OF N,N-DIMETHYLDICHLOROMETHYLENEIMINIUM CHLORIDE WITH CHLORINE
-
The chlorinating characteristics of the complex (I) of N,N-dimethyldichloromethyleneiminium chloride with chlorine were studied for the case of its reactions with olefins (1-hexene, cyclohexene, tetrachloroethylene), unsaturated alcohols (allyl alcohol), and phenols (phenol, p-cresol).It was found that the ionic chlorination of the olefins by the complex takes place at high rates and with a high degree of selectivity.With the hydroxy compounds there are parallel reactions, in which the chlorinating characteristics of the complex (I) and the reactivity of the N,N-dimethyldichloromethyleneiminium chloride appear.Chlorination of the phenols by the complex (I) takes place at the ortho position, and this leads to the formation of di(o-chloroacyl) carbonates (with the complex and the phenol in a ratio of 1:2) or o-chloroaryl dimethylcarbamates (with the reagents in a ratio of 1:1).
- Mironova, D. F.,Stetsyuk, G. A.,Kukhar', V. P.
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p. 2319 - 2323
(2007/10/02)
-
- THE POLAR REACTION CONSTANT FOR ALKENE CHLORINATION.SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCES IN THE CHLORONIUM AND BROMONIUM ION LIKE TRANSITION STATES.
-
The polar reaction constant, p*Cl2, for the addition of free chlorine to alkenes, obtained in methanol at 25 deg C by direct kinetic methods, is -2.9 whereas p*Br2 is -3.1.The change form bromination to chlorination is associated with a large selectivity increase but a small drop in selectivity.This result is discussed in terms of the Hammond postulate and dependence of the charge distribution on the bridging atom in the halonium transition states.
- Bienvenue-Goetz, E.,Ratsimandresy, B.,Ruasse, M.F.,Dubois, J.E.
-
p. 3273 - 3276
(2007/10/02)
-
- HALOGENATED ETHERS. XVIII. KINETICS OF THE COMBINED CHLORINATION OF 3-CHLOROPROPENE WITH R-SUBSTITUTED ALCOHOLS
-
The effect of temperature on the kinetics of the combined chlorination of 3-chloropropene with R-substituted alcohols was investigated.It was found that isokinetic relationships exist in the investigated reaction series; the reason for the appearance of a compensation relationships are discussed.
- Larionova, L. A.,V'yunov, K. A.,Ginak, A. I.
-
p. 243 - 247
(2007/10/02)
-
- HALOGENATED ETHERS. XVII.*. KINETICS OF CHLOROPHENOXYLATION OF 3-CHLOROPROPENE
-
The kinetics of the chlorophenoxylation of 3-chloroprene by 2,4-dichlorophenol were investigated.A complex relationship was found between the reaction rate constant and the reciprocal of the temperature.It was found that the ratio of the phenyl dichloropropyl ethers does not depend on the degree of transformation of the initial compounds or on the reaction temperature.
- Dmitrieva, O. M.,V'yunov, K. V.,Ginak, A. I.,Sochilin, E. G.
-
-
- Three Component Reactions. XII. Alkoxychlorination of 3-Chloropropene and 3-Methoxypropene
-
By capillar GLC and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy was demonstrated, that - in contrast to the communications of other authors - both expected isomeric alkoxychlorination products are formed in the chlorination of 3-chloropropene in presence of several alkanols.Isomers with anti-Markovnikov orientation dominated in all pairs of isomers which we have identified.Analogous product relations were found in the chlorination as well as in the methoxychlorination of 3-methoxypropene.
- Beger, J.,Schiefer, H.
-
p. 1039 - 1047
(2007/10/02)
-