97272-02-1

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a human mononuclear Zn2+-dependent metalloenzyme that is widely regarded as the primary peptidase responsible for insulin degradation. Despite its name, IDE is also critically involved in the hydrolysis of several other disparate peptide hormones, including glucagon, amylin, and the amyloid β-protein. As such, the study of IDE inhibition is highly relevant to deciphering the role of IDE in conditions such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer disease. There have been few reported IDE inhibitors, and of these, inhibitors that directly target the active-site Zn2+ ion have yet to be fully explored. In an effort to discover new, zinc-targeting inhibitors of IDE, a library of ～350 metal-binding pharmacophores was screened against IDE, resulting in the identification of 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione (1,2-HOPTO) as an effective Zn2+-binding scaffold. Screening a focused library of HOPTO compounds identified 3-sulfonamide derivatives of 1,2-HOPTO as inhibitors of IDE (Ki values of ～50 μM). Further structure-activity relationship studies yielded several thiophene-sulfonamide HOPTO derivatives with good, broad-spectrum activity against IDE that have the potential to be useful pharmacological tools for future studies of IDE.

The matrix metalloproteinase enzyme MMP-13 plays a key role in the degradation of type II collagen in cartilage and bone in osteoarthritis (OA). An effective MMP-13 inhibitor would therefore be a novel disease modifying therapy for the treatment of arthritis. Our efforts have resulted in the discovery of a series of carboxylic acid inhibitors of MMP-13 that do not significantly inhibit the related MMP-1 (collagenase-1) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) converting enzyme (TACE). It has previously been suggested (but not proven) that inhibition of the latter two enzymes could lead to side effects. A promising carboxylic acid lead 9 was identified and a convergent synthesis developed. This paper describes the optimization of 9 and the identification of a compound 24f for further development. Compound 24f is a subnanomolar inhibitor of MMP-13 (IC50 value 0.5 nM and Ki of 0.19 nM) having no activity against MMP-1 or TACE (IC50 of >10000 nM). Furthermore, in a rat model of MMP-13-induced cartilage degradation, 24f significantly reduced proteoglycan release following oral dosing at 30 mg/kg (75% inhibition, p 0.05) and at 10 mg/kg (40% inhibition, p 0.05).

Compounds of the formula (I) wherein R represents OH or NHOH; R1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted lower alkyl, aryl-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, or acyl derived from a carboxylic acid, from a carbonic acid, from a carbamic ac

Thienyl-, furyl- and pyrrolyl-sulfonamides and methods for modulating or altering the activity of the endothelin family of peptides are provided. In particular, N-(isoxazolyl)thienylsulfonamides, N-(isoxazolyl)furylsulfonamides and N-(isoxazolyl)pyrrolylsulfonamides and methods using these sulfonamides for inhibiting the binding of an endothelin peptide to an endothelin receptor by contacting the receptor with the sulfonamide are provided. Methods for treating endothelin-mediated disorders by administering effective amounts of one or more of these sulfonamides or prodrugs thereof that inhibit or increase the activity of endothelin are also provided.

Novel compounds which are inhibitors of the binding of fibrinogen to the Gp IIb/IIIa platelet receptors, and which can be used therepeutically as antithrombotic agents

The systematic modification of the ET(A) selective N-(5-isoxazolyl)benzene-sulfonamide endothelin antagonists to give ET(B) selective antagonists is reported. The reversal in selectivity was brought about by substitution of the 4-position with aryl and substituted aryl groups. Of all the aromatic substituents studied, the para-tolyl group gave rise to the most active and selective ET(B) antagonist. Larger substituents caused a decrease in both ET(B) activity and selectivity. A similar trend was observed by substitution at the 5-position of the N-(5-isoxazolyl)-2-thiophenesulfonamide ET(A) receptor antagonists. The para-tolyl group was again found to be optimal for the ET(B) activity and selectivity. The structural features that were found to be favorable for binding to the ET(B) receptor, that is, the presence of a linear, conjugated π-system of definite shape and size, have been successfully incorporated into the design of ET(B) selective polycyclic aromatic sulfonamides antagonists. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.

The synthesis and in vitro binding affinities of a series of thiophenesulfonamides as ET(A) selective endothelin receptor antagonists is described. The most potent inhibitor displayed an IC50 of 43 nM and 3 μM to ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, respectively.

A 1:1 N,N-dimethylformamide-SO2Cl2 complex was found to be a useful agent for the one-step preparation of thiophenesulfonyl chlorides.