- Cross-Coupling through Ag(I)/Ag(III) Redox Manifold
-
In ample variety of transformations, the presence of silver as an additive or co-catalyst is believed to be innocuous for the efficiency of the operating metal catalyst. Even though Ag additives are required often as coupling partners, oxidants or halide scavengers, its role as a catalytically competent species is widely neglected in cross-coupling reactions. Most likely, this is due to the erroneously assumed incapacity of Ag to undergo 2e? redox steps. Definite proof is herein provided for the required elementary steps to accomplish the oxidative trifluoromethylation of arenes through AgI/AgIII redox catalysis (i. e. CEL coupling), namely: i) easy AgI/AgIII 2e? oxidation mediated by air; ii) bpy/phen ligation to AgIII; iii) boron-to-AgIII aryl transfer; and iv) ulterior reductive elimination of benzotrifluorides from an [aryl-AgIII-CF3] fragment. More precisely, an ultimate entry and full characterization of organosilver(III) compounds [K]+[AgIII(CF3)4]? (K-1), [(bpy)AgIII(CF3)3] (2) and [(phen)AgIII(CF3)3] (3), is described. The utility of 3 in cross-coupling has been showcased unambiguously, and a large variety of arylboron compounds was trifluoromethylated via [AgIII(aryl)(CF3)3]? intermediates. This work breaks with old stereotypes and misconceptions regarding the inability of Ag to undergo cross-coupling by itself.
- Demonti, Luca,Mézailles, Nicolas,Nebra, Noel,Saffon-Merceron, Nathalie
-
supporting information
p. 15396 - 15405
(2021/10/12)
-
- Novel synthetic method of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon
-
The invention discloses a novel synthetic method of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, wherein p-chlorotoluene is used as a raw material, copper chloride or cuprous chloride is used as a catalyst, andp-chlorobenzotrifluoride is synthesized through two steps of chlorination and fluorination. Compared with the method in the prior art, the method of the invention has the following characteristics that raw materials are subjected to heating dehydration treatment in a dehydration kettle, so that the chlorination side reactions are few, the product purity is high, the grading chlorination device does not need to be additionally arranged, the technological process is simple, and the operation is convenient; and by adding the catalyst in batches in the chlorination process, the use efficiency of the catalyst is improved, so that the emission of the byproducts and the waste gas generated by the chlorination reaction in production is greatly reduced, and the emission of pollutants in the production process is reduced.
- -
-
Paragraph 0017-0032
(2020/01/25)
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- Au@ZnO Core-Shell: Scalable Photocatalytic Trifluoromethylation Using CF3CO2Na as an Inexpensive Reagent under Visible Light Irradiation
-
Trifluoromethylation is of significant importance for the synthesis of many small molecules vital for medicinal and agrochemical research. The importance of the CF3 group as well as the related synthetic challenges is so evident that many reagents have been reported for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated compounds, but these typical reagents are expensive and the methods for preparing them are difficult. Here, we report a new scalable and operationally simple trifluoromethylation reaction using sodium trifluoroacetate as a reagent and Au-modified ZnO as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The reaction proceeds via trifluoromethylation of a broad range of aryl halides, arylboronic acids, and arene and heteroarene substrates. Some pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds have been trifluoromethylated directly to demonstrate the applicability of the method.
- Bazyar, Zahra,Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona
-
supporting information
p. 2345 - 2353
(2019/10/16)
-
- Novel fluorination process of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride
-
The invention discloses a novel fluorination process of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride. P-chlorotoluene is used as a raw material, and 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride is synthesized through two steps of chlorination and fluorination. Compared with the prior art, the fluorination process has the advantages of no catalyst, lower cost than other organic catalysts or noble metal catalysts, convenience in recoveryand no pollution to the environment; a solvent-free fluorination process is adopted, so that the emission of by-products and waste gas of a solvation reaction is greatly reduced, and the emission of pollutants in the production process is reduced.
- -
-
Paragraph 0014; 0016
(2019/12/02)
-
- Synthesis method of 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride
-
The invention discloses a synthetic method of 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride. P-chlorotoluene is used as a raw material, and 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride is synthesized through two steps of chlorination and fluorination. Compared with the prior art, the raw materials are subjected to heating dehydration treatment in the dehydration kettle, chlorination side reactions are few, the product purity is high, a graded chlorination device does not need to be added, the technological process is simple, and operation is convenient; according to the chlorination process, a mode of adding the catalyst in batches is adopted, so that the use efficiency of the catalyst is improved, the emission of byproducts and waste gas generated by chlorination reaction in production is greatly reduced, and the emission of pollutants in the production process is reduced.
- -
-
Paragraph 0020-0035
(2019/12/02)
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- Cathodic C-H Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes Enabled by an in Situ-Generated Triflyltriethylammonium Complex
-
While several trifluoromethylation reactions involving the electrochemical generation of CF3 radicals via anodic oxidation have been reported, the alternative cathodic, reductive radical generation has remained elusive. Herein, the first cathodic trifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes is reported. The method is based on the electrochemical reduction of an unstable triflyltriethylammonium complex generated in situ from inexpensive triflyl chloride and triethylamine, which produces CF3 radicals that are trapped by the arenes on the cathode surface.
- Cantillo, David,Jud, Wolfgang,Kappe, C. Oliver,Maljuric, Snjezana
-
supporting information
(2019/10/08)
-
- Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Site-Selective Late-Stage Trifluoromethylation
-
Incorporation of the CF3 group into arenes has found increasing importance in drug discovery. Herein, we report the first photoredox-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl thianthrenium salts with a copper-based trifluoromethyl reagent, which enables a site-selective late-stage trifluoromethylation of arenes. The reaction proceeds with broad functional group tolerance, even for complex small molecules on gram scale. The method was further extended to produce pentafluoroethylated derivatives.
- Ye, Fei,Berger, Florian,Jia, Hao,Ford, Joseph,Wortman, Alan,B?rgel, Jonas,Genicot, Christophe,Ritter, Tobias
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supporting information
p. 14615 - 14619
(2019/09/17)
-
- Mechanism of Photoredox-Initiated C-C and C-N Bond Formation by Arylation of IPrAu(I)-CF3 and IPrAu(I)-Succinimide
-
Herein, we report on the photoredox-initiated gold-mediated C(sp2)-CF3 and C(sp2)-N coupling reactions. By adopting gold as a platform for probing metallaphotoredox catalysis, we demonstrate that cationic gold(III) complexes are the key intermediates of the C-C and C-N coupling reactions. The high-valent gold(III) intermediates are accessed by virtue of photoredox catalysis through a radical chain process. In addition, the bond-forming step of the coupling reactions is the reductive elimination from cationic gold(III) intermediates, which is supported by isolation and crystallographic characterization of key Au(III) intermediates.
- Kim, Suhong,Toste, F. Dean
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p. 4308 - 4315
(2019/01/25)
-
- Ligand-free trifluoromethylation of iodoarenes by use of 2-Aryl-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazoline as new trifluoromethylating reagent
-
N-Methyl 2-aryl-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazolines were synthesized and utilized in the trifluoromethylation reaction of iodoarenes in the presence of copper(I) salt and base. Iodoarenes bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups were tolerant to this reaction in the absence of a ligand and gave trifluorotoluene derivatives in good to high yields.
- Miyagawa, Masamichi,Ishikawa, Taisuke,Shinkai, Kota,Akiyama, Takahiko
-
supporting information
p. 29 - 31
(2019/01/04)
-
- Isolation of OH-bridged Ag(i)/Cu(iii) and ion-pair Cu(i)/Cu(iii) trifluoromethyl complexes with monophosphines
-
Cu(iii)-CF3 complexes are important intermediates of both synthetic and mechanistic interest. This study describes the isolation, and spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic characterization of CuIII-CF3 complexes 2-4 with typical monophosphine ligands PPh3 and Buchwald-type biarylmonophosphines. Distinct from the ion-pair [P2Cu(i)]+[Cu(iii)(CF3)4]? structures of 2 and 4 (P: PPh3 or SPhos), complex 3 exhibits a novel OH-bridged Ag(i)-Cu(iii) dinuclear structure with XPhos-coordinated linear Ag(i) and square planar Cu(iii) components. This is the first heterobimetallic Cu(iii)-CF3 complex confirmed by both solution-phase NMR spectroscopy and solid state X-ray crystal structure analysis. Complex 3 is found to have the LUMO orbital of major σ*(Cu-CF3) nature and electrophilic CF3 ligands. Accordingly, complex 3 is able to trifluoromethylate 2 equivalents of aryl boronic acids in up to quantitative yields, regardless of the inert or oxidative conditions. In contrast, the ion-pair complexes 2 and 4 show low reactivity. This study enriches the coordination and reactivity chemistry of Cu(iii)-CF3 compounds and shows the feasibility of modulation of structures and reactivity by ligand design, which may inspire future efforts on Cu(iii)-CF3 chemistry.
- Xiao, Chang,Zhang, Song-Lin
-
supporting information
p. 848 - 853
(2019/01/21)
-
- A general electrochemical strategy for the Sandmeyer reaction
-
Herein we report a general electrochemical strategy for the Sandmeyer reaction. Using electricity as the driving force, this protocol employs a simple and inexpensive halogen source, such as NBS, CBrCl3, CH2I2, CCl4, LiCl and NaBr for the halogenation of aryl diazonium salts. In addition, we found that these electrochemical reactions could be performed using anilines as the starting material in a one-pot fashion. Furthermore, the practicality of this process was demonstrated in the multigram scale synthesis of aryl halides using highly inexpensive graphite as the electrode. A series of detailed mechanism studies have been performed, including radical clock and radical scavenger study, cyclic voltammetry analysis and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis.
- Liu, Qianyi,Sun, Beiqi,Liu, Zheng,Kao, Yi,Dong, Bo-Wei,Jiang, Shang-Da,Li, Feng,Liu, Guoquan,Yang, Yang,Mo, Fanyang
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p. 8731 - 8737
(2018/12/10)
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- A radical approach to the copper oxidative addition problem: Trifluoromethylation of bromoarenes
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Transition metal–catalyzed arene functionalization has been widely used for molecular synthesis over the past century. In this arena, copper catalysis has long been considered a privileged platform due to the propensity of high-valent copper to undergo reductive elimination with a wide variety of coupling fragments. However, the sluggish nature of oxidative addition has limited copper’s capacity to broadly facilitate haloarene coupling protocols. Here, we demonstrate that this copper oxidative addition problem can be overcome with an aryl radical–capture mechanism, wherein the aryl radical is generated through a silyl radical halogen abstraction. This strategy was applied to a general trifluoromethylation of aryl bromides through dual copper-photoredox catalysis. Mechanistic studies support the formation of an open-shell aryl species.
- Le, Chip,Chen, Tiffany Q.,Liang, Tao,Zhang, Patricia,MacMillan, David W. C.
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p. 1010 - 1014
(2018/06/12)
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- Diverse copper(iii) trifluoromethyl complexes with mono-, bi- and tridentate ligands and their versatile reactivity
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Cu(iii) trifluoromethyl complexes are proposed as essential intermediates for many copper-promoted trifluoromethylation reactions, but remain elusive and scarcely explored. We report herein the isolation and spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic charac
- Zhang, Song-Lin,Xiao, Chang,Wan, Hai-Xing
-
supporting information
p. 4779 - 4784
(2018/04/11)
-
- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC HALIDES
-
The present invention provides a halo-de-carboxylation process for the preparation of organic chlorides, organic bromides and mixtures thereof, from their corresponding carboxylic acids, using a chlorinating agent selected from trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA), or combination thereof, and a brominating agent.
- -
-
Paragraph 00146
(2017/08/01)
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- A highly efficient heterogeneous copper-catalyzed chlorodeboronation of arylboronic acids leading to chlorinated arenes
-
A highly efficient heterogeneous copper-catalyzed chlorodeboronation of arylboronic acids with inexpensive N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was achieved in MeCN in the presence of 10 mol% of l-proline-functionalized MCM-41-immobilized copper(i) complex [MCM-41-l-proline-CuCl] under mild conditions, yielding a variety of aryl chlorides in excellent yields. This method proved to be tolerant of a broad range of functional groups and particularly useful for the conversion of electron-deficient arylboronic acids to aryl chlorides, a transformation that is inefficient without copper catalysis. This heterogeneous copper catalyst can be recovered by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and recycled for at least 10 times without any decreases in activity.
- He, Wen,Zhang, Rongli,Cai, Mingzhong
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p. 764 - 770
(2017/01/13)
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- Continuous synthesis method of aromatic fluorine-containing compound and synthesis equipment thereof
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The invention discloses a continuous synthesis method of aromatic fluorine-containing compound and synthesis equipment thereof. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: the aromatic chloride enters from the top of a fluorinationreaction tower, and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride liquid enters from the bottom so as to perform the backward fluorination reaction in the fluorination reaction tower; the tail gas is mixed with the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride liquid so as to commonly enter from the top of the fluorinationreaction tower after orderly passing through a condenser and an acid mist eliminator; and the bottom of the fluorination reaction tower obtains the aromatic fluorine-containing compound. The continuous synthesis equipment comprises the fluorination reaction tower, a chloride inlet of thefluorination reaction tower is communicated with a chloride storage tank; the lower part and the middle part of the fluorination reaction tower are respectively provided with a hydrogen fluoride inlet; the tail gas outlet of the fluorination reaction tower is orderly communicated withthe condenser, the acid mist eliminator and a mixer; the outlet of the mixer is communicated with the chloride inlet; and an aromatic fluorine-containing compound outlet is arranged at the bottom of the fluorination reaction tower. Through the synthesis method and synthesis equipmentdisclosed by theinvention, the continuous reaction is realized, and the process flow is short, the production security is high, and the product quality is stability.
- -
-
Paragraph 0042-0051
(2017/10/26)
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- Copper-Promoted Conversion of Aromatic Amines into Trifluoromethylated Arenes: One-Pot Sandmeyer Trifluoromethylation
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A simple copper-promoted one-pot Sandmeyer trifluoromethylation of aromatic amines with Langlois’ reagent has been demonstrated. The reaction is performed in mild reaction conditions under an air atmosphere with good substrate scope and functional group compatibility. It provides an alternative and straightforward synthetic approach to access a variety of trifluoromethylated arenes.
- Hong, Jianquan,Wang, Guifu,Huo, Lianguang,Zheng, Changge
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supporting information
p. 1761 - 1767
(2017/09/06)
-
- Method for synthesizing trifluoromethyl aromatic compounds
-
The invention aims to provide a method for converting arylamine into trifluoromethyl aromatic compounds under simple conditions. The trifluoromethyl aromatic compounds can be widely applied to the fields of pesticides, medicines, organic materials and the like. The method is characterized by comprising steps of (1), synthesizing Toni reagents alpha from sodium periodate, 2-iodobenzoic acid, acetic anhydride, cesium fluoride and Ruppert reagents; (2), dissolving the arylamine and hydrochloric acid in 1, 2-dichloroethane, stirring the arylamine, the hydrochloric acid and the 1, 2-dichloroethane for 5-10 min to obtain mixtures, adding tert-butyl nitrite into the mixtures under low-temperature conditions, carrying out stirring reaction for 30-60 min to obtain reaction products, adding tetrafluoroboric acid tetra-acetonitrile copper, the Toni reagents alpha and sodium bicarbonate into the reaction products and carrying micro-heat reaction for 10-20 hours; sequentially filtering, washing and drying reaction liquid after reaction is completely carried out and carrying out column chromatography separation and purification on the reaction liquid to obtain target products. The method has the advantage that the trifluoromethyl aromatic compounds can be widely applied to the fields of pesticides, medicines, organic materials and the like.
- -
-
Paragraph 0023; 0024
(2017/08/29)
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- Ligand-dependent formation of ion-pair CuI/CuIII trifluoromethyl complexes containing bisphosphines
-
We report novel ion-pair bisphosphine CuI/CuIII trifluoromethyl complexes [(P2)2CuI]+[CuIII(CF3)4]- (P2 = DPPE, BINAP or Xantphos) fea
- Zhang, Song-Lin,Bie, Wen-Feng
-
supporting information
p. 17588 - 17592
(2016/11/18)
-
- Trifluoromethylation of (hetero)aryl iodides and bromides with copper(i) chlorodifluoroacetate complexes
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A new copper-mediated trifluoromethylation reaction using copper(i) chlorodifluoroacetate complexes as reagents is reported. The complex [L2Cu][O2CCF2Cl] (L = bpy, dmbpy, phen) reacted with (hetero)aryl iodides and bromides in the presence of CsF in DMF at 75 °C to afford the trifluoromethylarenes in good to excellent yields. High compatibility with various chemical functions or (hetero)cycles was also observed in the reaction. A reaction mechanism involving a difluorocarbene intermediate, along with a subsequent formation of a -CF3 anion was proposed.
- Lin, Xiaoxi,Li, Zhengyu,Han, Xiaoyan,Weng, Zhiqiang
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p. 75465 - 75469
(2016/08/24)
-
- Isolation and characterization of copper(III) trifluoromethyl complexes and reactivity studies of aerobic trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids
-
The isolation, characterization and reactivity of transition metal trifluoromethyl complexes are fundamental and challenging topics in trifluoromethylation chemistry. We report herein the synthesis and isolation of two new complexes [(phen)CuI(PPh3)2]+[CuIII(CF3)4]- (2) and (phen)CuIII(CF3)3 (3) as well as a known complex (bpy)CuIII(CF3)3 (4) at room temperature. 2 and 3 have been fully characterized using 1H, 19F, 31P NMR, elemental analyses and X-ray crystallography. Reactivity studies indicate that 2 is unreactive toward arylboronic acids. In contrast, 3 and 4 can react with various aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids to deliver trifluoromethylated arenes in good to quantitative yields under mild conditions. The presence of a fluoride additive in DMF under aerobic conditions is crucial to these reactions. This study provides fundamental information about the structure and reactivity of elusive Cu(iii) trifluoromethyl complexes that have been proposed as relevant reactive intermediates in many trifluoromethylation reactions.
- Zhang, Song-Lin,Bie, Wen-Feng
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p. 70902 - 70906
(2016/08/05)
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- Trifluoromethylation of haloarenes with a new trifluoro-methylating reagent Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2
-
A new trifluoromethylating reagent Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2, which easily decomposes to generate active CuCF3 species in DMF at room temperature, has been conveniently prepared from inexpensive starting materials on a large scale. This new reagent can be applied to efficiently trifluoromethylate a variety of haloarenes under mild conditions, providing good-to-excellent yields of the desired products.
- Zhao, Gang,Wu, Hao,Xiao, Zhiwei,Chen, Qing-Yun,Liu, Chao
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p. 50250 - 50254
(2016/06/15)
-
- Copper-catalysed synthesis of trifluoromethyl(hetero)arenes from di(hetero)aryl-λ3-iodanes
-
An efficient synthesis of trifluoromethylated (hetero)arenes has been achieved through the regioselective copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of di(hetero)aryl-λ3-iodanes, employing readily available trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane. The reaction works well for both symmetrical and unsymmetrical di(hetero)aryl-λ3-iodanes with good regioselectivity and also tolerates diverse functional groups such as bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, ester, ketone and enolizable ketone.
- Pandey, Vinay Kumar,Anbarasan, Pazhamalai
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p. 18525 - 18529
(2016/02/27)
-
- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2,6-DIHALO-PARA-TRIFLUOROMETHYL- ANILINES AS INTERMEDIATES OF PYRAZOLES
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The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 2,6-dihalo-para-trifluoromethylanilines as intermediates for pyrazoles comprising the halogenation of para-trifluoromethylaniniline with dihalogen.
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-
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- Copper-catalyzed C-N bond cross-coupling of aryl halides and amines in water in the presence of ligand derived from oxalyl dihydrazide: Scope and limitation
-
An efficient and convenient method has been developed for the copper-catalyzed C-N bond cross-coupling of aryl bromides with electron-donor substituents and aliphatic amines in water. The new ligand system N-phenyloxalyl bishydrazide/hexane-2,5-dione has been shown to be considerably more efficient in the copper-catalyzed C-N bond cross-coupling reaction as compared to the ligands described in the literature and allowed decreasing of the catalyst amount (up to 2 mol %) to achieve acceptable yields of isolated products (46-84%). Acceptor substituted aryl bromides, aryl bromides with substituents in the ortho-position, and some aryl dichlorides can undergo the C-N cross-coupling under the developed conditions, but their reactivity is lower.
- Kurandina,Eliseenkov,Khaibulova,Petrov,Boyarskiy
-
p. 7931 - 7937
(2015/09/15)
-
- Introducing a new radical trifluoromethylation reagent
-
Perfluoro-3-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-3-pentyl radical (PPFR) is a persistent radical stable at room temperature, but easily decomposes at 90 °C to produce a CF3 radical which is able to react with a variety of aromatic compounds to afford the corresponding trifluoromethyl derivatives, usually as mixtures of regioisomers in good to excellent overall yields.
- Sato, Azusa,Han, Jianlin,Ono, Taizo,Wzorek, Alicja,Ace?a, José Luis,Soloshonok, Vadim A.
-
supporting information
p. 5967 - 5970
(2015/03/30)
-
- Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation using phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfoxide
-
A new method for the generation of trifluoromethylcopper ( CuCF3 ) species from readily available phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfoxide has been developed. The CuCF3 reagent can be applied in efficient trifluoromethylations of aryl iodides and activated aryl bromides in the absence of additional ligands. Furthermore, the CuCF3 species can also undergo oxidative cross-coupling with terminal alkynes and arylboronic acids.
- Li, Xinjin,Zhao, Jingwei,Zhang, Liang,Hu, Mingyou,Wang, Limin,Hu, Jinbo
-
supporting information
p. 298 - 301
(2015/03/04)
-
- Mechanism of trifluoromethylation of aryl halides with CuCF3and the ortho effect
-
A combined experimental (radical clock, kinetic, Hammett) and computational (DFT, MM) study of the trifluoromethylation reaction of aryl halides with CuCF3 reveals a nonradical mechanism involving Ar-X oxidative addition to the Cu(I) center as the rate determining step. The reaction is second order, first order in each reactant with ΔG? ≈ 24 kcal/mol for PhI (computed ΔG? = 21.9 kcal/ mol). An abrupt change in the gradient on the Hammett plot of log(kR/ kH) versus σp for 11 p-RC6H4I substrates produces two correlations (ρ = +0.69 and +1.83), which is temptingly suggestive of two different reaction pathways. Only one mechanism is operational, however, as advocated by a single linear correlation with σp- (ρ = +0.91), analysis of the experimental ρ values, close similarity of the transition states varying in R and displaying clear signs of -M interactions, and excellent reproduction of the plot by DFT. The long-known yet previously uncomprehended ortho effect has been quantified, for the first time, using the reaction of CuCF3 with a series of o-RC6H4Br: R(kR/kH) = H (1) 2Me (850) 2 (4300) 2H (150 000). With minor contributions from electronic factors, the ortho effect is largely determined by (i) the stabilizing coordination of the o-substituent to Cu in the transition state with the Cu?O distance varying directly with the barrier and (ii) the steric bulk of the o-substituent that raises the ground state free energy of the haloarene (Go ortho - Go H or Go ortho - Go para) by inflicting molecular strain and consequently weakening the Ar-X bond.
- Konovalov, Andrey I.,Lishchynskyi, Anton,Grushin, Vladimir V.
-
supporting information
p. 13410 - 13425
(2015/03/30)
-
- One-pot sandmeyer trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation
-
Practical one-pot procedures were developed for both Sandmeyer-type trifluoromethylations and trifluoromethylthiolations. Starting from broadly available (hetero)aromatic amines, various benzotrifluorides were synthesized in high yields via in situ diazotization and copper-mediated trifluoromethylation using the inexpensive Ruppert-Prakash trifluoromethylating reagent. In the presence of sodium thiocyanate as a sulfur source, aryl trifluoromethyl thioethers are exclusively formed.
- Bayarmagnai, Bilguun,Matheis, Christian,Risto, Eugen,Goossen, Lukas J.
-
supporting information
p. 2343 - 2348
(2014/07/21)
-
- Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and vinyltrifluoroborates with Langlois' reagent
-
An effortless and realistic procedure for the copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of aryl-, heteroaryl- and vinyltrifluoroborates with CF3 radicals generated from NaSO2CF3 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) is presented. The developed method produces trifluoromethyl arenes and -alkenes in good to excellent yields and a wide range of electronically and structurally diverse substrates are tolerated.
- Dubbaka, Srinivas Reddy,Salla, Manohar,Bolisetti, Raghu,Nizalapur, Shashidhar
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p. 6496 - 6499
(2014/02/14)
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- Sandmeyer trifluoromethylation of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates
-
Copper capabilities: Diazonium salts are converted into the corresponding trifluoromethyl derivatives in the presence of a trifluoromethyl-copper complex generated in situ from CuSCN and the inexpensive, easy-to-use trifluoromethylating reagent Me3Si-CF3 (see scheme). This Sandmeyer-type reaction allows the straightforward synthesis of trifluoromethylated arenes and heteroarenes from the corresponding amines. Copyright
- Danoun, Grégory,Bayarmagnai, Bilguun,Grünberg, Matthias F.,Goo?en, Lukas J.
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p. 7972 - 7975
(2013/08/23)
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- Trifluoromethylation of 1-aryl-3,3-diisopropyltriazenes
-
A new method for the trifluoromethylation of functionalized aromatic diisopropyltriazenes is described. In a facile two-step, one-pot synthesis, various functionalized trifluoromethyl-substituted arenes are accessible in mostly good yields by using methyl iodide as iodination agent and the trifluoromethylation system (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane/potassium fluoride/copper iodide. This concept could be expanded to perfluoroethylation as well as ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation reactions. Copyright
- Hafner, Andreas,Braese, Stefan
-
supporting information
p. 996 - 1000
(2013/05/08)
-
- Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl- and vinylboronic acids with generation of CF3-radicals
-
The selective trifluoromethylation of aryl- and vinylboronic acids proceeds smoothly with CF3SO2Na (Langlois reagent) in the presence of copper catalysts and t-BuOOH. Therefore, the method relies both on transition metal catalysis an
- Li, Yang,Wu, Lipeng,Neumann, Helfried,Beller, Matthias
-
supporting information
p. 2628 - 2630
(2013/04/23)
-
- Copper-catalysed process for the production of substituted or unsubstituted trifluormethylated aryl and heteroaryl compounds
-
The present invention relates to a process for the production of triffluoromethylated unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl compounds which comprises reacting an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl halide with a trifluoroacetate of formula (I) or (II), wherein R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group and M an alkali metal or an ammonium ion, in the presence of a copper salt as catalyst and an anorganic halogenide salt or a trifluoroacetacid salt as activator compound.
- -
-
Page/Page column 5; 8
(2012/05/20)
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- CuI-mediated trifluoromethylations with stannanes. preliminary communication
-
(Trifluoromethyl)stannane reagents such as Bu3SnCF3 are effective in CuI-mediated trifluoromethylation reactions of aryl iodides. The reactions proceed via the intermediacy of [CuCF3] species.
- Sanhueza, Italo A.,Nielsen, Mads C.,Ottiger, Marcel,Schoenebeck, Franziska
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p. 2231 - 2236
(2013/02/22)
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- Room-temperature base-free copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of organotrifluoroborates to trifluoromethylarenes
-
An efficient room temperature copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of organotrifluoroborates under the base free condition using an electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagent is demonstrated. The corresponding trifluoromethylarenes were obtained in good to excellent yields and the reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
- Huang, Yuanyuan,Fang, Xin,Lin, Xiaoxi,He, Weiming,Yuan, Yaofeng,Weng, Zhiqiang,Li, Huaifeng,Huang, Kuo-Wei
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p. 9949 - 9953,5
(2012/12/12)
-
- Practical method for the Cu-mediated trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids with CF3 radicals derived from NaSO2CF3 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)
-
A mild and practical protocol for the copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids using NaSO2CF3 (Langlois' reagent) and TBHP is described. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under ambient conditions, and the products can be readily purified by extraction or column chromatography.
- Ye, Yingda,Kuenzi, Stefan A.,Sanford, Melanie S.
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supporting information
p. 4979 - 4981,3
(2012/12/12)
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- Practical method for the Cu-mediated trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids with CF3 radicals derived from NaSO2CF3 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)
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A mild and practical protocol for the copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids using NaSO2CF3 (Langlois' reagent) and TBHP is described. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under ambient conditions, and the products can be readily purified by extraction or column chromatography.
- Ye, Yingda,Künzi, Stefan A.,Sanford, Melanie S.
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supporting information
p. 4979 - 4981
(2013/01/15)
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- Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides with potassium (trifluoromethyl)trimethoxyborate
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Potassium (trifluoromethyl)trimethoxyborate is introduced as a new source of CF3 nucleophiles in copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation reactions. The crystalline salt is stable on storage, easy to handle, and can be obtained in near-quantitative yields simply by mixing B(OMe)3, CF3SiMe3, and KF. The trifluoromethylation reagent allows the conversion of various aryl iodides into the corresponding benzotrifluorides in high yields under mild, base-free conditions in the presence of catalytic quantities of a CuI/1,10-phenanthroline complex.
- Knauber, Thomas,Arikan, Fatih,Roeschenthaler, Gerd-Volker,Goossen, Lukas J.
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experimental part
p. 2689 - 2697
(2011/04/15)
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- A ligand-free copper-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of aryliodides with sodium trifluoroacetate using Ag2O as a promoter
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A practical and ligand-free Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides with sodium trifluoroacetate using Ag 2O as a promoter was reported. A variety of trifluoromethyl- substituted aromatics are synthesized in moderate to excellent yields and with wide functional-group tolerance under relatively mild reaction conditions. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Li, Yaming,Chen, Tao,Wang, Huifeng,Zhang, Rong,Jin, Kun,Wang, Xiuna,Duan, Chunying
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1713 - 1716
(2011/09/12)
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- Direct cupration of fluoroform
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We have found the first reaction of direct cupration of fluoroform, the most attractive CF3 source for the introduction of the trifluoromethyl group into organic molecules. Treatment of CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) with 2 equiv of MOR (M = K, Na) in DMF or NMP produces novel alkoxycuprates that readily react with CF3H at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to give CuCF3 derivatives. The CuCl and t-BuOK (1:2) combination provides best results, furnishing the CuCF3 product within seconds in nearly quantitative yield. As demonstrated, neither CF3- nor CF2 mediate the Cu-CF3 bond formation, which accounts for its remarkably high selectivity. The fluoroform-derived CuCF3 solutions can be efficiently stabilized with TREAT HF to produce CuCF 3 reagents that readily trifluoromethylate organic and inorganic electrophiles in the absence of additional ligands such as phenanthroline. A series of novel Cu(I) complexes have been structurally characterized, including K(DMF)[Cu(OBu-t)2] (1), Na(DMF)2[Cu(OBu-t)2] (2), [K8Cu6(OBu-t)12(DMF)8(I)] + I- (3), and [Cu4(CF3) 2(C(OBu-t)2)2(μ3-OBu-t) 2] (7).
- Zanardi, Alessandro,Novikov, Maxim A.,Martin, Eddy,Benet-Buchholz, Jordi,Grushin, Vladimir V.
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experimental part
p. 20901 - 20913
(2012/03/07)
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- Simple, stable, and easily accessible well-defined CuCF3 aromatic trifluoromethylating agents
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Give me an F: Exceptionally easy to make in over 90 yield (see scheme) and air-stable in the solid state, [(Ph3P)3Cu(CF3)] is a remarkable example of a rarely encountered well-defined Cu(I) trifluoromethylating agent and a convenient starting material for the synthesis of other CuCF3 complexes, such as [(phen)Cu(PPh3)(CF 3)]. Copyright
- Tomashenko, Olesya A.,Escudero-Adan, Eduardo C.,Martinez Belmonte, Marta,Grushin, Vladimir V.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7655 - 7659
(2011/10/02)
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- Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids by trifluoromethyl sulfonium salts
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The ligand-free trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids with a [Ph 2SCF3]+[OTf]-/Cu(0) system has been carefully investigated. Aryl-, alkenyl- and heteroarylboronic acids with a variety of functional groups were suitable substrates for this reaction. It is suggested that a CuCF3 species is formed under the reaction conditions.
- Zhang, Cheng-Pan,Cai, Ji,Zhou, Chang-Bing,Wang, Xiao-Ping,Zheng, Xing,Gu, Yu-Cheng,Xiao, Ji-Chang
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 9516 - 9518
(2011/10/02)
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- Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl boronic acids using a CF 3+ reagent
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A copper-catalyzed process for trifluoromethylation of aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl boronic acids has been developed. The reaction is conducted under mild conditions and shows tolerance to moisture and a variety of functional groups.
- Xu, Jun,Luo, Dong-Fen,Xiao, Bin,Liu, Zhao-Jing,Gong, Tian-Jun,Fu, Yao,Liu, Lei
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4300 - 4302
(2011/06/21)
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- Selective fluorination of substituted trichloromethyl benzenes by HF in liquid phase: Preparation of fluorinated building blocks
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The selective fluorination by successive Cl/F exchanges of α,α,α-trichlorotoluene, substituted or not by a chlorine atom, was studied in the presence of HF as the fluorinating agent. The influence of the presence of a catalyst or a basic solvent (such as dioxane, pyridine, tributylphosphate) in order to control the fluorination was also investigated. In mild conditions (50 °C and after 1 h of reaction), HF in excess was required in order to obtained the trifluoromethylation by Cl/F exchanges. The presence of SbCl5 in small amount activated the Cl/F exchanges and only a stoichiometric amount of HF was required whatever the chlorinated molecules. Selective mono and difluorination could be obtained by using basic solvents.
- Piou, Alexandre,Celerier, Stephane,Brunet, Sylvette
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experimental part
p. 1241 - 1246
(2011/01/12)
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- Copper-catalyzed chlorination of functionalized arylboronic acids
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"Chemical Equation Presented" A mild, efficient, Cu(I)-catalyzed method for the conversion of arylboronic acids to aryl chlorides Is reported. This method is particularly useful for the conversion of electron-deficient arylboronic acids to aryl chlorides, a transformation that is inefficient In the absence of Cu catalysis.
- Wu, Hong,Hynes Jr., John
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1192 - 1195
(2010/04/27)
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- From carboxylic acids to the trifluoromethyl group using BrF3
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Organic trifluoromethyl derivatives were made from aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids by transforming them first into the corresponding dithioesters followed by reaction with bromine trifluoride under mild conditions (0 °C, 2 min).
- Cohen, Or,Mishani, Eyal,Rozen, Shlomo
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experimental part
p. 3579 - 3582
(2010/07/04)
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- Aromatic trifluoromethylation catalytic in copper
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Cu(i)-diamine complexes were found to catalyse the trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides. In the presence of a small amount of CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), the cross-coupling reactions of iodoarenes with trifluoromethylsilanes proceeded smoothly to afford trifluoromethylated aromatics in good yields.
- Oishi, Masahiro,Kondo, Hideaki,Amii, Hideki
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1909 - 1911
(2009/10/17)
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- Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of aryl halides with methyl trifluoroacetate
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When associated with an alkaline halide, such as cesium fluoride or cesium chloride, and Cu(I) species, methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA) constitutes a valuable trifluoromethylating agent for substituting aromatic (or heteroaromatic) iodides and bromides. The reaction can be carried out in DMF at 180 °C or, better, in sulfolane which allows he reaction to proceed at a lower temperature (from 140 °C).
- Langlois, Bernard R.,Roques, Nicolas
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p. 1318 - 1325
(2008/02/10)
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- Nickel catalyst for the cyanation of aromatic halides
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The invention relates to a nickel compound to be used as a catalyst for cyanation reactions, said nickel compound having a central nickel atom complexed by a diphosphine ligand. In said diphosphine ligand the P-atoms are interconnected through an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic bivalent radical. The invention also relates to the use of said nickel compound and to a method of preparing an aromatic cyanide from an aromatic halide and an alkali metal cyanide in a substantially anhydrous non-dipolar aprotic solvent under the influence of a phosphine-nickel catalyst and in the presence of a salt of a transition metal.
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