Smectic liquid crystals from supramolecular guanidinium alkylbenzenesulfonates
A homologous series of guanidinium alkylbenzenesulfonates from ethyl to tetradecyl were synthesized and characterised. Their thermotropic polymorphism was investigated by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dilatometry. The structure of the smectic liquid crystal phases obtained at high temperature with the compounds from octyl to tetradecyl was analysed by X-ray diffraction. The supramolecular assembling of the ionic species inside the smectic layers was investigated by infrared spectroscopy.
Mathevet, Fabrice,Masson, Patrick,Nicoud, Jean-Francois,Skoulios, Antoine
p. 2248 - 2254
(2007/10/03)
REACTIVITY OF STERICALLY HINDERED DERIVATIVES OF AROMATIC SULFONIC ACIDS. I. EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS ON RATE AND MECHANISM OF HYDROLYSIS OF SOME SUBSTITUTED BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDES
The kinetics of the hydrolysis of substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides XArSO2Cl in 70percent aqueous dioxane at 303, 313, and 323 K were studied by acid-base titration.The effect of the investigated set of substituents cannot be described by a single linear relationship of the Hammett type.The substrates containing methyl groups at the ortho positions of the aromatic ring exhibit enhanced reactivity.The effect of the structural changes in the sulfonyl chlorides on the nature of bond formation and cleavage in the transition state is discussed in terms of the SN2 mechanism.An attempt is made to explain the V-shaped form of the relationship between log k and ? from the standpoint of the hyperconjugation effect, the contribution from which amounts to about 10percent of the ρ value.
Vizgert, R. V.,Rubleva, L. I.,Maksimenko, N. N.
p. 727 - 730
(2007/10/02)
Mass Spectral Studies of Alkylbenzenesulphonic Acids Through Their S-Benzylisothiouronium Salts
The mass spectra of alkylbenzenesulphonic acids in the form of their S-benzylisothiouronium salts have been studied.These S-benzylisothiouronium salts dissociated into two parent reactant ions: (i) alkylbenzenesulphonic acid and (ii) S-benzylisothiourea.The characteristic fragmentation patterns of alkylbenzenesulphonic acids (0-5 substituted alkyls) were studied and compared with those of the parent ion peak hydrocarbons.The intensity of the molecular decreased with the increase in the molecular weight of the sulphonic acids.Desulphonation as well as loss of the alkyl group was observed in all the spectra.Migration of the alkyl group from S to 0, followed by degradation, was also observed in all the spectra studied.
Borthakur, Arun,Rao, V. S. Bhaskar
p. 48 - 54
(2007/10/02)
HYDROLYSIS OF AROMATIC SULFONIC ACIDS UNDER THERMODYNAMIC CONTROL OF THE REACTION
Linear mathematical models which describe the hydrolysis of alkyl- and halobenzenesulfonyl acids under the conditions for their isomerization in sulfuric acid have been obtained by the method of mathematical experiment planning.The value of the effective rate constants of hydrolysis calculated according to the models for comparative conditions (150 deg C, 3 moles of 85percent sulfuric acid) were used to obtain the correlation between log kh and the ? constants of the substituents.The correlation corresponds the electrophilic nature of the hydrolysis process (ρ = -4.69).The strong influence of the electronic effects of the substituents on the rate of hydrolysis is an indication of the development of a considerable positive charge on the reaction center in the transition state.
Krylov, E. N.,Volgina, L. V.,Isaeva, G. Yu.
p. 1129 - 1133
(2007/10/02)
NATHAN-BAKER EFFECTS IN THE HETEROGENEOUS SULFONATION OF ALKYLBENZENES
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Krylov, E. N.,Khokhlova, S. G.
p. 341 - 343
(2007/10/02)
Hydrolysis of aromatic sulfonic acids under conditions of thermodynamic control of the sulfonation reaction