- Acyl acid derivative and preparation method and medical application thereof
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The invention relates to an acyl acid derivative as well as a preparation method and medical application thereof. Specifically, the invention relates to a compound represented by a general formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and the invention also relates to a use thereof as an active ingredient in the prevention and/or treatment of muscle atrophy-related diseases, including myogenic muscle atrophy, disuse muscle atrophy, senile muscle atrophy, neurogenic muscle atrophy, and a use in the prevention and/or treatment of obesity, fatty liver, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and anti-aging, wherein the definition of each group in the general formula (I) is the same as the definition in the specification.
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Paragraph 0433-0437
(2020/07/02)
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- Bifunctional Ligand-Assisted Catalytic Ketone α-Alkenylation with Internal Alkynes: Controlled Synthesis of Enones and Mechanistic Studies
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Here, we describe a detailed study of the rhodium(I)-catalyzed, bifunctional ligand-assisted ketone α-C-H alkenylation using internal alkynes. Through controlling the reaction conditions, conjugated enamines, α,β- or β,γ-unsaturated ketones, can be selectively accessed. Both aromatic and aliphatic alkynes can be employed as coupling partners. The reaction conditions also tolerate a broad range of functional groups, including carboxylic esters, malonates, secondary amides, thioethers, and free alcohols. In addition, excellent E-selectivity was observed for the tetra-substituted alkene when forming the α,β-unsaturated ketone products. The mechanism of this transformation was explored through control experiments, kinetic monitoring, synthesizing the rhodium-hydride intermediates and their reactions with alkynes, deuterium-labeling experiments, and identification of the resting states of the catalyst.
- Mo, Fanyang,Lim, Hee Nam,Dong, Guangbin
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supporting information
p. 15518 - 15527
(2015/12/26)
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- Nitrilase activity screening on structurally diverse substrates: Providing biocatalytic tools for organic synthesis
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A high-throughput screening of candidate nitrilases against 25 structurally diverse substrates allowed us to create a wide collection of 125 experimentally validated nitrilases. The enzymes were selected by genomic approach from 700 diverse prokaryotic species and one metagenome as representative of the nitrilase family diversity. The enzymatic screening of this collection expands the biocatalytic toolbox for chemical synthesis by providing a large number of tested nitrilases with their assigned substrates. Three examples illustrate the synthetic potential of our enzyme collection. The syntheses of carboxylic acid building blocks, a β-substituted phenylpropanoic acid, a cyclic γ-keto carboxylic acid and a mononitrile monocarboxylic acid, were achieved from the corresponding nitrile substrates, using three new nitrilases (two from Sphingomonas wittichii and one from Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans). Improvements of nitrilase activities through the optimization of reaction parameters and the preparative biocatalytic synthesis are presented for these three examples. Copyright
- Vergne-Vaxelaire, Carine,Bordier, Franck,Fossey, Aurelie,Besnard-Gonnet, Marielle,Debard, Adrien,Mariage, Aline,Pellouin, Virginie,Perret, Alain,Petit, Jean-Louis,Stam, Mark,Salanoubat, Marcel,Weissenbach, Jean,De Berardinis, Veronique,Zaparucha, Anne
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p. 1763 - 1779
(2013/07/19)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OXYGENIC COMPOUND
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An oxidation catalyst composition is obtained by mixing a selenium compound, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound and an acid, and if necessary, in the presence of a solvent. The oxidation catalyst composition shows an oxidation catalyst activity in the oxidation reaction of an organic compound. For example, at least one oxygen-containing compound selected from an alcohol compound, an aldehyde compound, a ketone compound and a carboxylic acid compound is obtained by reacting the olefin compound having two or more hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom at α-position of a carbon-carbon double bond with an organic hydroperoxide compound in the presence of the oxidation catalyst composition.
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- Improved synthesis of (RS)-3-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid: Characterisation of the intermediates
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An improved synthesis of the (RS)-3-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (7) in 22% overall yield is described together with the characterisation of the intermediates. The reaction sequence proceeds via Dieckmann cyclisation of ethyl butane-1,2,2,4-tetracarboxylate (1), subsequent acidic hydrolysis and a final decarboxylation. Furthermore, the yet unknown composition of the mixture obtained intermediately from the Dieckmann cyclisation has been elucidated by means of 1H and 13C NMR-spectroscopy.
- Sung,Bisel,Frahm
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p. 521 - 524
(2007/10/03)
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- Formaldehyde dialkylhydrazones as neutral formyl anion and cyanide equivalents: Nucleophilic addition to conjugated enones
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A versatile methodology for the nucleophihc formylation and cyanation of conjugated enones is reported. The procedure is based on the use of formaldehyde dimethylhydrazone, which, acting as a neutral formyl anion equivalent, adds to preformed trialkylsilyl-enone complexes. Both 4-(silyl- oxy)-3-enal hydrazones 3 or deprotected 4-oxo aldehyde monohydrazones 4 can be obtained at products depending on quenching conditions. In full analogy, an asymmetric version of the reaction using chiral formaldehyde SAMP- hydrazone as a neutral synthon of the chiral formyl anion has been developed, giving rise to the corresponding adducts 5 and 6 in good yields and with excellent diastereoselectivities (de 85-≤98%). Ozonolysis or HCl-mediated hydrolysis of adducts 4 and 6 readily affords racemic and optically enriched 4-oxo aldehydes 7, respectively. Additionally, high-yielding MMPP-oxidative cleavage of 4-oxo hydrazones 4 and 6 has been performed to obtain 4-oxo nitriles 8 in racemic and optically enriched forms, respectively. In this way, interesting chiral bifunctional building blocks, some of them bearing newly created stereogenic quaternary centers, have been efficiently synthesized.
- Diez,Fernandez,Gasch,Lassaletta,Llera,Martin-Zamora,Vazquez
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p. 5144 - 5155
(2007/10/03)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING 1,3-DIPROPYL-8-(3-OXOCYCLOPENTYL)-XANTHINE
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A process for preparing 1,3-dipropyl-8-(3-oxocyclopentyl)-xanthine.
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- Reactions of Cyanide Ions with α,β-Unsaturated Esters, IV. - Reactions to Carbocycles
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Sodium cyanide reacts with diethyl 2-methylenealkanedioates 1a-c and 8a-h to give simple or alkylated ethyl 2-cyano-3-oxo-1-cycloalkanecarboxylates 5a-c and 9a-h, respectively.From these the 3-oxo-1-cycloalkanecarboxylic acids 6a-c and 10a-h, respectively
- Stetter, Hermann,Marten, Klaus
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p. 240 - 249
(2007/10/02)
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- Antibacterial agents, and 4-thio azetidinone intermediates
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This invention relates to 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted penem compounds of the formula STR1 wherein Y is hydrogen, halo or certain organic substituents and X represents certain organic substituents. Also included in the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above compounds and derivatives of the above compounds in which the carboxyl group at the 3-position is protected as by an easily removable ester protecting group. The compounds of the present invention are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such agents.
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