- Chapter Open for the Excited-State Intramolecular Thiol Proton Transfer in the Room-Temperature Solution
-
We report here, for the first time, the experimental observation on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of the thiol proton in room-temperature solution. This phenomenon is demonstrated by a derivative of 3-thiolflavone (3TF), namely, 2-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)-3-mercapto-4H-chromen-4-one (3NTF), which possesses an - S - H···O= intramolecular H-bond (denoted by the dashed line) and has an S1 absorption at 383 nm. Upon photoexcitation, 3NTF exhibits a distinctly red emission maximized at 710 nm in cyclohexane with an anomalously large Stokes shift of 12 230 cm-1. Upon methylation on the thiol group, 3MeNTF, lacking the thiol proton, exhibits a normal Stokes-shifted emission at 472 nm. These, in combination with the computational approaches, lead to the conclusion of thiol-type ESIPT unambiguously. Further time-resolved study renders an unresolvable (180 fs) ESIPT rate for 3NTF, followed by a tautomer emission lifetime of 120 ps. In sharp contrast to 3NTF, both 3TF and 3-mercapto-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3FTF) are non-emissive. Detailed computational approaches indicate that all studied thiols undergo thermally favorable ESIPT. However, once forming the proton-transferred tautomer, the lone-pair electrons on the sulfur atom brings non-negligible nπ? contribution to the S1′ state (prime indicates the proton-transferred tautomer), for which the relaxation is dominated by the non-radiative deactivation. For 3NTF, the extension of π-electron delocalization by the diethylamino electron-donating group endows the S1′ state primarily in the ππ? configuration, exhibiting the prominent tautomer emission. The results open a new chapter in the field of ESIPT, covering the non-canonical sulfur intramolecular H-bond and its associated ESIPT at ambient temperature.
- Chang, Chao-Che,Chen, Chao-Tsen,Chou, Pi-Tai,Huang, Chun-Hao,Li, Elise Y.,Liao, Yu-Chan,Liu, Yi-Hung,Liu, Zong-Ying,Meng, Fan-Yi,Wang, Chun-Hsiang
-
supporting information
p. 12715 - 12724
(2021/08/30)
-
- Lithiation in Flavones, Chromones, Coumarins, and Benzofuran Derivatives
-
Flavones are lithiated at position 3 by lithium di-isopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran at -78 deg C and the products are stable at that temperature.Appropriate reagents replace the lithium by carboxy, ethoxycarbonyl, mercapto, methylthio, trimethylsilyl, hydroxy, and other groups, sometimes giving products not previously available.Benzofurans are preferentially lithiated at position 2 if this is free, and may not be attacked if it is blocked, but if there is an activating group (i.e., one able to co-ordinate with the lithium cation) at position 2, then lithiation occurs at position 3.In the benzofuran series ring-opening is easier and lithiation often leads directly to acetylenic phenols.Chromones can be lithiated at positions 2 and 3 depending upon the substitution pattern and whether the substituents are activating.Aurones are not easily deprotonated, and only the acetylenic phenol arising from ring opening was found in the one successful case.Coumarins tend to behave simply as esters and give amides with the lithiating reagent, but 4-methoxycoumarin is readily lithiated at position 3.It is suggested that 3-deprotonation in ethers occurs easily only when there is an ether link antiperiplanar to the proton removed, and that the lithiated species are really unstable intermediates in trans-eliminations leading to alkyne derivatives.
- Costa, Ana M. B. S. R. C. S.,Dean, Francis M.,Jones, Michael A.,Varma, Rajender S.
-
p. 799 - 808
(2007/10/02)
-
- FLAVONOIDS, 39. THE REACTION OF 3-MESYLOXYFLAVANONES WITH O- AND S-NUCLEOPHILES, SYNTHESIS OF 3-THIOCYANATO- AND 3-ACETYLTHIO-FLAVANONES
-
The action of either cyanate or acetate ions on trans-3-mesyloxyflavanones 1 led to the formation of flavones 2 and aurones while the reaction with the respective S-nucleophiles (thiocyanate and thioacetate ions) resulted in cis- and trans-3-thiocyanato- and 3-acetylthioflavanones (6 and 11).The participation of the concurrent nucleophilic substitution, β-elimination and elimination with ring-contraction is dependent on the "hard-soft" character of the nucleophile and the increase of the "soft" character favours the displacement.
- Patonay, Tamas,Litkei, Gyoergy,Bognar, Rezsoe
-
p. 3425 - 3430
(2007/10/02)
-