- High-Throughput Screening, Discovery, and Optimization to Develop a Benzofuran Class of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors
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Using a high-throughput, cell-based HCV luciferase reporter assay to screen a diverse small-molecule compound collection (300 000 compounds), we identified a benzofuran compound class of HCV inhibitors. The optimization of the benzofuran scaffold led to t
- He, Shanshan,Jain, Prashi,Lin, Billy,Ferrer, Marc,Hu, Zongyi,Southall, Noel,Hu, Xin,Zheng, Wei,Neuenswander, Benjamin,Cho, Chul-Hee,Chen, Yu,Worlikar, Shilpa A.,Aubé, Jeffrey,Larock, Richard C.,Schoenen, Frank J.,Marugan, Juan J.,Liang, T. Jake,Frankowski, Kevin J.
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Read Online
- Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective C-H Functionalization of Arenes Substituted by Two N -Heterocycles and Application in Late-Stage Functionalization
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Reported herein is a Pd-catalyzed regioselective C-H activation method that is used for C-H deuteration, carbonylation, halogenation, and oxidation of arene substrates substituted by two N-heterocycles. When conducted in acetic acid (AcOH), these reaction
- Yin, Da-Wei,Liu, Gang
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Read Online
- Pd-Catalyzed ipso, meta-Dimethylation of ortho-Substituted Iodoarenes via a Base-Controlled C-H Activation Cascade with Dimethyl Carbonate as the Methyl Source
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A methyl group can have a profound impact on the pharmacological properties of organic molecules. Hence, developing methylation methods and methylating reagents is essential in medicinal chemistry. We report a palladium-catalyzed dimethylation reaction of ortho-substituted iodoarenes using dimethyl carbonate as a methyl source. In the presence of K2CO3 as a base, iodoarenes are dimethylated at the ipso- and meta-positions of the iodo group, which represents a novel strategy for meta-C-H methylation. With KOAc as the base, subsequent oxidative C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H coupling occurs; in this case, the overall transformation achieves triple C-H activation to form three new C-C bonds. These reactions allow expedient access to 2,6-dimethylated phenols, 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, and indanes, which are ubiquitous structural motifs and essential synthetic intermediates of biologically and pharmacologically active compounds.
- Wu, Zhuo,Wei, Feng,Wan, Bin,Zhang, Yanghui
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p. 4524 - 4530
(2021/05/04)
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- Green bromination method
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The invention discloses a green bromination method, and belongs to the field of green organic chemistry. Under the conditions of room temperature, opening and neutrality, reaction raw materials are aromatic hydrocarbon, olefin, alkyne, tryptamine, tryptophane and derivatives thereof with different functional groups, a bromine source is MBrx (M is Fe , Fe , Ce and the like, and x is 2-3), and the unique oxidant is H2O2. Brominated alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrrolo-indolines and furo-indolines and derivatives thereof can be produced. The bromination reaction is carried out by using easily available and cheap reagents (such as FeBr2, CeB3 and H2O2) in the market and the solvent, and the method has the characteristics of mild reaction conditions, wide substrate application range, simple steps, easiness in operation and no need of separation, is a green, environment-friendly and safe bromination reaction method, and has a good application prospect.
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Paragraph 0041-0043
(2021/06/13)
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- Deprotonative Metalation of Methoxy-Substituted Arenes Using Lithium 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidide: Experimental and Computational Study
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The reaction pathways of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP)-mediated deprotonative metalation of methoxy-substituted arenes were investigated. Importantly, it was experimentally observed that, whereas TMEDA has no effect on the course of the reactions, the presence of more than the stoichiometric amount of LiCl is deleterious, in particular without an in situ trap. These effects were corroborated by the DFT calculations. The reaction mechanisms, such as the structure of the active species in the deprotonation event, the reaction pathways by each postulated LiTMP complex, the stabilization effects by in situ trapping using zinc species, and some kinetic interpretation, are discussed herein.
- Akimoto, Gaku,Otsuka, Mai,Takita, Ryo,Uchiyama, Masanobu,Hedidi, Madani,Bentabed-Ababsa, Ghenia,Lassagne, Frédéric,Erb, William,Mongin, Florence
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p. 13498 - 13506
(2018/11/20)
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- Rapid aerobic iodination of arenes mediated by hypervalent iodine in fluorinated solvents
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Arenes are rapidly converted to the corresponding iodides by aerobic oxidative iodination at room temperature by treatment with iodine and catalytic quantities of nitrous acid in a fluorinated solvent. Dichloroiodic acid is proposed as the actual iodination reagent.
- Iskra, Jernej,Murphree, S. Shaun
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supporting information
p. 645 - 648
(2017/01/28)
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- Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylative Iodination: New Routes for Decarboxylative Oxidative Cross-Couplings
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Constructing products of high synthetic value from inexpensive and abundant starting materials is of great importance. Aryl iodides are essential building blocks for the synthesis of functional molecules, and efficient methods for their synthesis from chemical feedstocks are highly sought after. Here we report a low-cost decarboxylative iodination that occurs simply from readily available benzoic acids and I2. The reaction is scalable and the scope and robustness of the reaction is thoroughly examined. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction does not proceed via a radical mechanism, which is in contrast to classical Hunsdiecker-type decarboxylative halogenations. In addition, DFT studies allow comparisons to be made between our procedure and current transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylations. The utility of this procedure is demonstrated in its application to oxidative cross-couplings of aromatics via decarboxylative/C-H or double decarboxylative activations that use I2 as the terminal oxidant. This strategy allows the preparation of biaryls previously inaccessible via decarboxylative methods and holds other advantages over existing decarboxylative oxidative couplings, as stoichiometric transition metals are avoided.
- Perry, Gregory J. P.,Quibell, Jacob M.,Panigrahi, Adyasha,Larrosa, Igor
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p. 11527 - 11536
(2017/08/30)
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- Silver(I)-catalyzed iodination of arenes: Tuning the lewis acidity of N-iodosuccinimide activation
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A mild and rapid method for the iodination of arenes that utilizes silver(I) triflimide as a catalyst for activation of N-iodosuccinimide has been developed. The transformation was found to be general for a wide range of anisole, aniline, acetanilide, and phenol derivatives and allowed the late-stage iodination of biologically active compounds such as PIMBA, a SPECT imaging agent of breast cancer, and (a?)-IBZM, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. The method was also modified for the radioiodination of arenes using a one-pot procedure involving the in situ generation of [125I]-N-iodosuccinimide followed by the silver(I)-catalyzed iodination.
- Racys, Daugirdas T.,Sharif, Salaheddin A. I.,Pimlott, Sally L.,Sutherland, Andrew
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p. 772 - 780
(2016/02/18)
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- Highly Regioselective Iodination of Arenes via Iron(III)-Catalyzed Activation of N-Iodosuccinimide
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An iron(III)-catalyzed method for the rapid and highly regioselective iodination of arenes has been developed. Use of the powerful Lewis acid, iron(III) triflimide, generated in situ from iron(III) chloride and a readily available triflimide-based ionic liquid allowed activation of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and efficient iodination under mild conditions of a wide range of substrates including biologically active compounds and molecular imaging agents.
- Racys, Daugirdas T.,Warrilow, Catherine E.,Pimlott, Sally L.,Sutherland, Andrew
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supporting information
p. 4782 - 4785
(2015/10/12)
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- Gold(I)-catalyzed iodination of arenes
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A wide variety of electron-rich arenes were efficiently converted into the corresponding iodinated compounds via a gold(I)-catalyzed reaction under mild conditions. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart. New York.
- Leboeuf, David,Ciesielski, Jennifer,Frontier, Alison J.
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supporting information
p. 399 - 402
(2014/03/21)
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- An in situ acidic carbon dioxide/glycol system for aerobic oxidative iodination of electron-rich aromatics catalyzed by Fe(NO3)3·9H2O
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An environmentally benign CO2/glycol reversible acidic system was developed for the iron(iii)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative iodination of electron-rich aromatics without the need for any conventional acid additive or organic solvent. Notably, moderate to high isolated yields (up to 97%) of the aryl iodides were attained with comparable regioselectivity when ferric nitrate nonahydrate was used as the catalyst with molecular iodine under 1 MPa of CO2.
- Ma, Ran,Huang, Cheng-Bin,Liu, An-Hua,Li, Xue-Dong,He, Liang-Nian
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p. 4308 - 4312
(2015/01/08)
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- Chemical Compounds
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The present invention relates to imidazopyridazine derivatives. More particularly, it relates to 4-(biphenyl-3-yl)-7H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine derivatives of formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined in the description. The imidazopyridazine derivatives of the present invention modulate the activity of the GABAA receptor. They are useful in the treatment of a number of conditions, including pain.
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Paragraph 0616; 0617; 0618; 0619
(2014/06/25)
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- Potassium 4-iodylbenzenesulfonate: Preparation, structure, and application as a reagent for oxidative iodination of arenes
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A new hypervalent iodine(V) compound, potassium 4-iodylbenzenesulfonate, was prepared by the oxidation of 4-iodobenzensulfonic acid with Oxone in water. This potassium salt can be further converted into 4-iodylbenzenesulfonic acid by treatment with the acidic form of Amberlyst 15 in water. A single-crystal X-ray structure of potassium 4-iodylbenzenesulfonate revealed the presence of polymeric chains in the solid state due to a combination of numerous intra- and intermolecular interactions. Potassium 4-iodylbenzenesulfonate will likely find many practical applications as a thermally stable and water-soluble hypervalent iodine-based oxidant, particularly useful as a reagent for oxidative iodination of aromatic substrates. This reagent can be effectively recovered from the reaction mixture (92 % recovery) by treatment of the aqueous layer with Oxone at 60°C for 2 h, followed by filtration of the precipitate. A new hypervalent iodine(V) compound, potassium 4-iodylbenzenesulfonate, was prepared by oxidation of 4-iodobenzenesulfonic acid with Oxone in water. This new reagent promises many practical applications as a thermally stable, water-soluble and recyclable hypervalent iodine oxidant, particularly useful for oxidative iodination of aromatic substrates.
- Yusubov, Mekhman S.,Yusubova, Roza Y.,Nemykin, Victor N.,Maskaev, Andrey V.,Geraskina, Margarita R.,Kirschning, Andreas,Zhdankin, Viktor V.
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p. 5935 - 5942,8
(2020/09/02)
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- Regioselective heterohalogenation of 4-halo-anisoles via a series of sequential ortho-aluminations and electrophilic halogenations
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As the aluminate base [LiAl(TMP)2(iBu)2] 1 displays halogen tolerance towards substituted aromatics, 4-halo-anisoles have been ortho-aluminated and electrophilically quenched to form synthetically useful multi-heterohalogenated aniso
- Conway, Ben,Crosbie, Elaine,Kennedy, Alan R.,Mulvey, Robert E.,Robertson, Stuart D.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4674 - 4676
(2012/06/16)
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- Introduction of an electron withdrawing group on the hydroxyphenylnaphthol scaffold improves the potency of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) inhibitors
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Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women or elderly men is often associated with the skeletal disease osteoporosis. The supplementation of estradiol (E2) in osteoporotic patients is known to prevent bone fracture but cannot be administered because of a
- Wetzel, Marie,Marchais-Oberwinkler, Sandrine,Perspicace, Enrico,M?ller, Gabriele,Adamski, Jerzy,Hartmann, Rolf W.
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scheme or table
p. 7547 - 7557
(2012/01/03)
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- Deprotonative metalation of functionalized aromatics using mixed lithium-cadmium, lithium-indium, and lithium-zinc species
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In situ mixtures of CdCl2TMEDA (0.5 equiv; TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) or InCl3 (0.33 equiv) with [Li(tmp)] (tmp = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino; 1.5 or 1.3 equiv, respectively) were compared with the previously described mixture of ZnCl2-TMEDA (0.5 equiv) and [Li(tmp)] (1.5 equiv) for their ability to deprotonate anisole, benzothiazole, and pyrimidine. [(tmp)3CdLi] proved to be the best base when used in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, as demonstrated by subsequent trapping with iodine. The Cd-Li base then proved suitable for the metalation of a large range of aromatics including benzenes bearing reactive functional groups (CONEt2, CO2Me, CN, COPh) or heavy halogens (Br, I), and heterocycles (from the furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, pyridine, and diazine series). Fivemembered heterocycles benefiting from doubly activated positions were similarly dideprotonated at room temperature. The aromatic lithium cadmates thus obtained were involved in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions or simply quenched with acid chlorides.
- Snegaroff, Katia,L'Helgoual'ch, Jean-Martial,Bentabed-Ababsa, Ghenia,Nguyen, Tan Tai,Chevallier, Floris,Yonehara, Mitsuhiro,Uchiyama, Masanobu,Derdour, Aicha,Mongin, Florence
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experimental part
p. 10280 - 10290
(2010/04/24)
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- New insights into the SAR and binding modes of bis(hydroxyphenyl)thiophenes and -benzenes: Influence of additional substituents on 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) inhibitory activity and selectivity
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17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) is responsible for the catalytic reduction of weakly active E1 to highly potent E2. E2 stimulates the proliferation of hormone-dependent diseases via activation of the estrogen receptor α (ERα). Because o
- Bey, Emmanuel,Marchais-Oberwinkler, Sandrine,Negri, Matthias,Kruchten, Patricia,Oster, Alexander,Klein, Tobias,Spadaro, Alessandro,Werth, Ruth,Frotscher, Martin,Birk, Barbara,Hartmann, Rolf W.
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scheme or table
p. 6724 - 6743
(2010/04/05)
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- Generation and suppression of 3-/4-functionalized benzynes using zinc ate base (TMP-Zn-ate): New approaches to multisubstituted benzenes
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We present full details of our new methods for preparing functionalized benzynes with lithium di-alkyl(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)zincate (R 2Zn(TMP)Li) through deprotonative zincation as a key reaction. In this system, by choosing appropriate ligands for the zincate, either regioselective zincation of functionalized haloaromatics or the generation of substituted benzynes can be controlled in good yields with excellent chemoselectivity, using the same substrate. Zincation with tBu 2Zn(TMP)Li followed by electrophilic trapping or zincation with Me2Zn(TMP)Li followed by nucleophilic or diene trapping is shown to be a powerful tool for the chemoselective preparation of 1,2,3-/1,2,4- trisubstituted benzene derivatives. These methods offer far greater generality than previous methods for the synthesis of multifunctionalized benzenes. Computational/theoretical studies of the reaction mechanism of this unique benzyne formation indicated that preferential coordination of the dialkylzinc moiety of zincate to halogen is the reason for the reduced activation energy of the elimination, that is, for the formation of the benzyne. The role of the ligands on Zn in accelerating/decelerating the elimination is also discussed.
- Uchiyama, Masanobu,Kobayashi, Yuri,Furuyama, Taniyuki,Nakamura, Shinji,Kajihara, Yumiko,Miyoshi, Tomoko,Sakamoto, Takao,Kondo, Yoshinori,Morokuma, Keiji
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p. 472 - 480
(2008/10/09)
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- Deprotonative cadmation of functionalized aromatics
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This communication describes the deproto-metalation of a large range of aromatics including heterocycles using a newly developed lithium-cadmium base; the reaction proceeds at room temperature with an excellent chemoselectivity and efficiency, and proved to be regioselective in most cases. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- L'Helgoual'ch, Jean-Martial,Bentabed-Ababsa, Ghenia,Chevallier, Floris,Yonehara, Mitsuhiro,Uchiyama, Masanobu,Derdour, Aicha,Mongin, Florence
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5375 - 5377
(2009/03/11)
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- The synthesis and SAR of 2-arylsulfanylphenyl-1-oxyalkylamino acids as GlyT-1 inhibitors
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Elevation of glycine levels by inhibition of the glycine transporter-1 (GlyT-1) and activation of the NMDA receptor is a potential strategy for the treatment of schizophrenia. A novel series of 2-arylsulfanylphenyl-1-oxyalkyl amino acids have been identif
- Smith, Garrick,Mikkelsen, Gitte,Eskildsen, Jorgen,Bundgaard, Christoffer
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p. 3981 - 3984
(2007/10/03)
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- Simple and regioselective oxyiodination of aromatic compounds with ammonium iodide and Oxone
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Oxyiodination of aromatic compounds using NH4I and Oxone gives high yields and selectivity. A simple method for the iodination of aromatic compounds using NH4I as the iodine source and Oxone as the oxidant is described.
- Krishna Mohan,Narender,Kulkarni
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p. 8015 - 8018
(2007/10/03)
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- AROMATIC OXYPHENYL AND AROMATIC SYLFANYLPHENYL DERIVATIVES
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The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein the substituents are as defined below. The compounds of formula I are useful for the treatment of diseases such as schizophrenia, including both the positive and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychoses.
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- Reactivity and synthetic utility of 1-(arenesulfonyloxy) benziodoxolones
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The reactivity and synthetic use of 1-(arenesulfonyloxy)benziodoxolones were studied. In the presence of iodine, 1-(arenesulfonyloxy)benziodoxolones iodinated various aromatics to give iodoarenes in moderate to good yields. In particular, 1-(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyloxy)benziodoxolone showed the best reactivity. Using a halide salt such as lithium bromide or lithium chloride instead of iodine, the corresponding aryl bromides and chlorides were also obtained in good yields. In the absence of aromatics, 1- (arenesulfonyloxy)benziodoxolones gave rise to desulfonyloxyiodination reactions to give the corresponding aryl iodides via electrophilic ipso substitution on the aromatic rings. Furthermore, the l-(p- toluenesulfonyloxy)benziodoxolone/iodine system iodotosyloxylated alkynes in good yields. These reactions proceeded via the formation of arenesulfonyl hypoiodites.
- Muraki, Takahito,Togo, Hideo,Yokoyama, Masataka
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p. 2883 - 2889
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthetic use of poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)styrene] for organic reactions
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Poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)styrene] is sufficiently reactive for the iodination of aromatics, the oxidative 1,2-aryl migration of alkyl aryl ketones, the α-hydroxylation of ketones, and the oxidation of hydroquinones and sulfides similarly to (diacetoxyiodo)benzene. Here, those reactions with poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)styrene] are very useful because of the simple operation; thus, filtration gives the crude products and recovered poly(4- iodostyrene), and then poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)-styrene] can be regenerated by oxidation of the recovered poly(4-iodostyrene), which are reused for the same reactions.
- Togo, Hideo,Abe, Seiichiro,Nogami, Genki,Yokohama, Masataka
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p. 2351 - 2356
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthetic use of 1-(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one: Iodination of aromatic rings
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Treatment of various aromatic compounds with 1-(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one 1A and iodine gave the corresponding iodinated compounds in good yields. Similarly, chlorination and bromination proceeded effectively. As compared with other trivalent iodine compounds, the iodinane 1A showed the best reactivity as a halogenation reagent.
- Muraki, Takahito,Togo, Hideo,Yokoyama, Masataka
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p. 286 - 288
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthetic application of poly[styrene(iodoso diacetate)]
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Poly[styrene(iodoso diacetate)] is sufficiently reactive to effect the iodination of aromatics and oxidative 1,2-aryl migration of alkyl aryl ketones as (diacetoxyiodo)benzene, and can be regenerated and reused for the same reactions.
- Togo, Hideo,Nogami, Genki,Yokoyama, Masataka
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p. 534 - 536
(2007/10/03)
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- Room temperature regioselective iodination of aromatic ethers mediated by Selectfluor(TM) reagent F-TEDA-BF4
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Monosubstituted phenyl ethers were regioselectively iodinated with a mixture of iodine and F-TEDA in acetonitrile at room temperature at the para position, while 1-methoxy-4-substituted benzene derivatives were converted to 2-iodo products in high yield.
- Zupan, Marko,Iskra, Jernej,Stavber, Stojan
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p. 6305 - 6306
(2007/10/03)
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- Silicon directed ipso-substitution of polymer bound arylsilanes: Preparation of biaryls via the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction
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A method for attaching haloarylsilanes to polymer support was developed. The polymer bound arylhalide were reacted with a variety of ArB(OH)2 under the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction conditions and the coupled resins were cleaved by different electrophiles to give ipso-substitution products in good yields.
- Han, Yongxin,Walker, Shawn D.,Young, Robert N.
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p. 2703 - 2706
(2007/10/03)
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- Cation Radicals as Intermediates in Aromatic Halogenation with Iodine Monochloride: Solvent and Salt Effects on the Competition between Chlorination and Iodination
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Three distinct classes of substitutional reactivity can be discerned in the halogenation of a series of methyl-substituted methoxybenzenes (ArH) with iodine monochloride (ICl), namely, exclusive iodination, exclusive chlorination, and mixed iodination/chlorination.Spectral studies establish the prior formation of the charge-transfer complex which suffers electron transfer to afford the reactive triad .+,I.,Cl(-)> according to Scheme 1.Separate reactivity studies show that chlorination and iodination can result from the quenching of the aromatic cation radical by chloride and iodine (atom), respectively.Iodination versus chlorination thus represents the competition between radical-pair and ion-pair collapse from the reactive triad, and it is predictably modulated by solvent polarity and added salt.
- Hubig, S. M.,Jung, W.,Kochi, J. K.
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p. 6233 - 6244
(2007/10/02)
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- Acid-Mediated Reaction of Bis(pyridine)iodonium(I) Tetrafluoroborate with Aromatic Compounds. A Selective and General Iodination Method
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Reaction of aromatic compounds with bis(pyridine)iodonium(I) tetrafluoroborate (IPy2BF4) in the presence of HBF4 or CF3SO3H in CH2Cl2 at room temperature furnishes monoiodo derivatives with excellent regioselectivity and yields.Use of either acid gives comparable results with activated aromatics, whereas CF3SO3H is much more effective in the iodination of deactivated aromatics.
- Barluenga, Jose,Gonzalez, Jose M.,Garcia-Martin, Miguel A.,Campos, Pedro J.,Asensio, Gregorio
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p. 2058 - 2060
(2007/10/02)
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