10038-98-9 Usage
Physical Properties
Colorless liquid; density 1.879 g/cm3 at 20°C and 1.844 g/cm3 at 30°C; refractive index 1.464; solidifies at –49.5°C; decomposes in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride; insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids.
Preparation
Germanium(IV) chloride is prepared by reacting germanium metal with chlorine; or by treating germanium oxide, GeO2, with hydrochloric acid:
Ge + 2Cl2 → GeCl4
GeO2 + 4HCl → GeCl4 + 2H2O
Germanium(IV) chloride often is obtained as a byproduct of germanium metal production. The process involves heating germanium oxide, GeO2, with sodium chloride and coal. The vapors of germanium(IV) chloride and other volatile chlorides formed from the impurity metals are condensed. The product is isolated by fractional distillation. Further purification may be achieved by fractional distillation in 8N HCl and chlorine, or in the presence of other oxidizing agents in quartz stills.
Germanium(IV) chloride also is obtained by chlorination of germanium(II) chloride at ambient temperature. The reaction is rapid.
GeCl2 + Cl2 → GeCl4
Reactions
Germanium(IV) chloride reacts with water, hydrolyzing to germanium oxide and hydrochloric acid:
GeCl4 + 2H2O → GeO2 + 4HCl
The rate of hydrolysis is slower than the corresponding silicon analog, with hydrolysis occurring only partially. When heated with hydrogen at 1,000°C in a quartz reactor, it is converted into germanium(I) chloride, condensing onto the wall of the reactor:
2GeCl4 + 3H2→ 2GeCl + 6HCl
When vapors of GeCl4 are passed over germanium at elevated temperatures, the product is germanium(II) chloride, GeCl2:
GeCl4 + Ge→ 2GeCl2
Reaction with lithium aluminum hydride in ether forms monogermane, GeH4:
GeCl4 + LiAlH4 →GeH4 + LiCl + AlCl3
Reactions with antimony trifluoride, SbF3 in the presence of antimony pentachloride, SbCl5, form mixed halides of compositions: GeCl3F, GeCl3F2, GeCl2F2, and GeClF3.
Reactions with alcohols in the presence of an amine yield alkoxides:
GeCl4 + 4CH3OH + 4C2H5NH2 → Ge(OCH3)4 + 4C2H5N?HCl
Germanium forms six coordinate adducts, such as GeCl4(L)2 with many neutral ligands.
Chemical Properties
Colorless liquid. decomposes in water. Insoluble in concentrated
hydrochloric acid; soluble in carbon disulfide, chloroform,
benzene, alcohol, and ether.
Physical properties
Colorless liquid; density 1.879 g/cm3 at 20°C and 1.844 g/cm3 at 30°C; refractive index 1.464; boils at 86.5°C; solidifies at -49.5°C; decomposes in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride; insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 10038-98-9 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It is used as a catalyst in the conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in ionic liquids, as a reducing agent in combination with triphenylphosphine (TPP) for the reduction of alpha-bromo carboxylic acid derivatives, and in the production of pure germanium. It also finds use as an intermediate for several optical processes. It is one of the most important dopants in silica glass for optical fibers. It is employed in the preparation of germanium dioxide which is used for wide camera lens, microscopy, IR-transparent glasses/windows/lenses, and for the core of fiber-optic lines.
2. Germanium(IV) chloride is used in the microwave preparation of Ge2Cl6, a colorless crystalline material which was included in a further study of low-valent germanium compounds.1
Germanium(IV) chloride is used in the preparation of many germanium compounds.
Hazard
Toxic material
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous
route. Mddly toxic by inhalation. A skin,
severe eye, and mucous membrane irritant.
Will react violently with water or steam to
produce toxic and corrosive fumes. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of Cl-. See also GERMANIUM
COMPOUNDS.
Purification Methods
Traces of Cl2 and HCl can be removed from the liquid by blowing dry air through it for a few hours at room temperature or by shaking it with Hg or Hg2Cl2 and then fractionating it in a vacuum. It decomposes on heating at 950o. It has a sharp penetrating odour and fumes in moist air to give a chalky coat of GeO2. It is slowly hydrolysed by H2O to give GeO2, but distils from conc HCl. [Foster et al. Inorg Synth II 109 1946, Dennis & Hance J Am Chem Soc 44 304 1922, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 715 1963.] LACHRYMATORY. Glass powder (100-300 mesh). Washed with 10% HNO3, water and dry in air.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 10038-98-9 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,0,0,3 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 10038-98:
(7*1)+(6*0)+(5*0)+(4*3)+(3*8)+(2*9)+(1*8)=69
69 % 10 = 9
So 10038-98-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/4ClH.Ge/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
10038-98-9Relevant articles and documents
Organotrichlorogermane synthesis by the reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chloride via dichlorogermylene intermediate
Okamoto, Masaki,Asano, Takuya,Suzuki, Eiichi
, p. 2372 - 2376 (2004)
Organotrichlorogermanes were synthesized by the reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chlorides, methyl, propyl, isopropyl and allyl chlorides. Dichlorogermylene formed by the reaction of elemental germanium with tetrachlorogermane was the reaction intermediate, which was inserted into the carbon-chlorine bond of the organic chloride to give organotrichlorogermane. When isopropyl or allyl chloride was used as an organic chloride, organotrichlorogermane was formed also in the absence of tetrachlorogermane. These chlorides were converted to hydrogen chloride, which subsequently reacted with elemental germanium to give the dichlorogermylene intermediate. The reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chlorides provides a simple and easy method for synthesizing organotrichlorogermanes, and all the raw materials are easily available.
Facile central-element exchange in neutral hexacoordinate germanium and silicon complexes; Synthesis and characterization of germanium complexes
Yakubovich, Shiri,Kalikhman, Inna,Kost, Daniel
, p. 9241 - 9244 (2010)
Neutral hexacoordinate germanium complexes with hydrazido chelating ligands have been synthesized and characterized. Facile exchange of central element between silicon and germanium in these complexes is demonstrated, following given selectivity constrain
Gillot, B.,Radid, M.
, p. 63 - 72 (1991)
Allison, E. R.,Mueller, J. H.
, p. 2833 - 2840 (1932)
Johnson, W. C.
, p. 5160 - 5160 (1930)
The chlorination equilibrium of germanium oxides
Rau, Hans
, p. 287 - 294 (1984)
The reactions of tetragonal, hexagonal, and glassy GeO2 with chlorine were studied.From the measured equilibrium constants a third-law standard molar enthalpy of formation: ΔHf(GeCl4, g, 298.15 K, p0 = 101.325 kPa) = -(494.8 +/- 2.7) kJ*mol-1 was determined.
Laubengayer, A. W.,Morton, D. S.
, p. 2303 - 2320 (1932)
