111-77-3 Usage
Chemical Properties
Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DEGME) is a type of glycol ether and is a colorless, stable hygroscopic liquid with an agreeable odor. It is completely miscible with water, ketones, alcohol, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons. More specifically, it is miscible with acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, methanol and water. Exposure to diEGBE is unlikely to occur via inhalation unless it is heated.
Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether is a solvent for dyes, oils, fats, waxes, many natural and synthetic resins, nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. It is used as a high-boiling solvent in such formulations as printing inks ond pastes, stamp pad inks, textile dye pastes, lacquers, and synthetic resin coatings. Its presence in lacquers eases brushability and flow-out, and minimizes lifting of undercoats.
DEGME is an ethylene-series or E-series glycol ether and is sold by Dow under the tradename Methyl CARBITOL? solvent. DEGME has a high dilution ratio and a low evaporation rate.It is stable under recommended storage conditions and readily biodegradable.
Occurrence
Has apparently not been reported to occur in nature.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 111-77-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether(DGME) is used as a thermally stable solvent for many substances, such as nitrocellulose, lacquers, varnishes, and dyes.
2. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether is an industrial solvent and is also commonly used as a Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII) in jet fuels.
3. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether is used in textile dye pastes, in lacquer industrial for thinners and quick drying varnishes; solvent for wood stains, hydraulic brake fluid diluent, and as a coupling agent for miscible organic aqueous systems.
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a solvent in lacquer, varnishes, and enamels. It is also used in cosmetic products and dermatological preparations and as a solvent in some medicine products. It enhances the percutaneous absorption through the skin and mucosal barriers. It is used in some drugs to enhance absorption.
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether is used as a solvent in paints, dyes, inks detergents, and cleaners.
Used in the same way as 2-ethoxyethanol where a solvent with a higher boiling point is required.
Definition
ChEBI: A hydroxypolyether that is the monomethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol.
Preparation
A by-product in the manufacture of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (Arctander, 1969).
General Description
Colorless liquid with a sweet odor. Floats and mixes with water.
Air & Water Reactions
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick 1979 p.151-154, 164]. Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol is a ether-alcohol derivative. The ether being relatively unreactive. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Health Hazard
DGME is a mild to moderate toxicant via ingestion or absorption through the skin. High doses produced lowering of hemoglobin levels and increased relative kidney weight. Renaldamagemay occurnear the lethal dose. Eye contact of the liquid can result in mild to moderate irritationLD50 value, oral (guinea pigs): 4160 mg/kgPreliminary developmental toxicity test in pregnant mice dosed with DGME indicated teratogenicity of this compound (Hardin et al. 1987; Cheever et al. 1988). Earlier, Doe (1984) reported no teratogenic property of DGME when administered subcutaneously in rats up to 100 mL/kg. In comparison, EGME produced effects at 40 mL/kg..
Fire Hazard
2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol is combustible.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
skin contact and intraperitoneal routes.
Mildly toxic by ingestion. An experimental
teratogen. Other experimental reproductive
effects. An eye irritant. Combustible when
exposed to heat or flame; can react with
oxidzing materials. Reacts violently with
Ca(OCl)2, chlorosulfonic acid, and oleum.
To fight fire, use dry chemical, alcohol
foam, water spray or mist, CO2. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and irritating fumes. See also
GLYCOL ETHERS.
Purification Methods
Purify as for diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether. [Beilstein 1 IV 2392.]
Waste Disposal
DGME is mixed with a combustible solvent and burned in a chemical incinerator.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 111-77-3 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,1 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 111-77:
(5*1)+(4*1)+(3*1)+(2*7)+(1*7)=33
33 % 10 = 3
So 111-77-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H12O3/c1-5(7)4-8-3-2-6/h5-7H,2-4H2,1H3
111-77-3Relevant articles and documents
Competitive RO-6 Neighboring Group Participation and Solvent-Assisted Displacement with 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethyl Tosylate
McManus, Samuel P,Karaman, Rashid M.,Hovanes, Bruce A.,Paley, Steven M.,Harris, Milton J.
, p. 681 - 683 (1988)
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Lewis Base Catalyzed Selective Chlorination of Monosilanes
Sturm, Alexander G.,Schweizer, Julia I.,Meyer, Lioba,Santowski, Tobias,Auner, Norbert,Holthausen, Max C.
supporting information, p. 17796 - 17801 (2018/11/23)
A preparatively facile, highly selective synthesis of bifunctional monosilanes R2SiHCl, RSiHCl2 and RSiH2Cl is reported. By chlorination of R2SiH2 and RSiH3 with concentrated HCl/ether solutions, the stepwise introduction of Si?Cl bonds is readily controlled by temperature and reaction time for a broad range of substrates. In a combined experimental and computational study, we establish a new mode of Si?H bond activation assisted by Lewis bases such as ethers, amines, phosphines, and chloride ions. Elucidation of the underlying reaction mechanisms shows that alcohol assistance through hydrogen-bond networks is equally efficient and selective. Remarkably, formation of alkoxysilanes or siloxanes is not observed under moderate reaction conditions.
Influence of Boiling on the Radiolysis of Diglyme
Vlasov,Kholodkova,Ponomarev
, p. 312 - 318 (2018/08/01)
The radiolysis of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) in a boiling state has been studied for the first time. Boiling facilitates the cleavage of internal C–O bonds, weakens the cage effect and diglyme regeneration processes, and facilitates the exchange and dimerization reactions of radicals. As compared with radiolysis at room temperature, the amount of unsaturated products of diglyme fragmentation formed during irradiation in the boiling state is smaller by a factor of 4, and the disproportionation products of heavy radicals are found in negligible amounts, if any. The yield of radiolytic decomposition of diglyme under boiling conditions is ~15 molecule/100 eV, which is higher than that at room temperature by a factor of almost 1.5.