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13466-78-9

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13466-78-9 Usage

Description

Different sources of media describe the Description of 13466-78-9 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Hydroperoxides of Δ-3-carene are allergens contained in turpentine. Occupational exposure occurs in painters, varnishers, or in ceramic decoration. The percentage of Δ-3-Carene is higher in Indonesian turpentine than in Portugese.
2. (±)-3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene found in a variety of plants, including Cannabis. It decreases phagocytosis by rat alveolar macrophages when used at a concentration of 0.5 μM and decreases their viability at a concentration of 5 μM. (±)-3-Carene increases the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells, indicating induction of osteoblastic differentiation. It also induces calcium formation and increases the expression of osteopontin and type I collagen, which are related to osteoblast mineralization. (±)-3-Carene induces bronchoconstriction in isolated guinea pig lungs when exposed at an air concentration of 3,000 mg/m3.

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 13466-78-9 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Clear, colorless liquid. Stable to approx- imately 250C, resinifies with oxygen. Insoluble in water; miscible with organic solutions. Com- bustible.
2. 3-Carene has a sweet, pungent turpentine-like taste.

Occurrence

Reported present in basil oil, bell pepper, bilberry, black currant berry juice and buds, fennel oil, grapefruit juice, kumquat peel oil, lemon peel oil, lime peel oil (cold pressed and distilled), lovage seed, mandarin peel oil, orange juice, orange peel oil, orange (bitter) peel oil, tangerine peel oil and other natural products.

Uses

Solvent, intermediate. 3-Carene is a mutagenic compound that may be found in the fumes of heating freshly cut spruce and birch chips. 3-Carene is also found i many esential oils and it inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity.

Definition

A terpene hydrocarbon with both a 6-member and 3-member ring.

Preparation

Extracted from the pine tree oil.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron Letters, 25, p. 5255, 1984 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)81577-X

General Description

Colorless liquid with a sweet, turpentine-like odor. Floats on water.

Reactivity Profile

3-CARENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. In the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators, may undergo exothermic addition polymerization reactions. Will attack some forms of plastics [USCG, 1999].

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes headache, confusion, respiratory distress. Ingestion irritates entire digestive system and may injure kidneys; if liquid enters lungs, it causes severe pneumonitis. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

Contact allergens

Hydroperoxides of D-3-carene are allergens contained in turpentine. Occupational exposure occurs in painters, varnishers, or ceramic decoration. The percentage of D-3-carene is higher in Indonesian than in Portuguese turpentine.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 13466-78-9 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,3,4,6 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 13466-78:
(7*1)+(6*3)+(5*4)+(4*6)+(3*6)+(2*7)+(1*8)=109
109 % 10 = 9
So 13466-78-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-9(6-7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9+/m0/s1

13466-78-9 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
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  • Price
  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (C0047)  (+)-3-Carene  >90.0%(GC)

  • 13466-78-9

  • 25mL

  • 160.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (C0047)  (+)-3-Carene  >90.0%(GC)

  • 13466-78-9

  • 500mL

  • 420.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (115576)  3-Carene  90%

  • 13466-78-9

  • 115576-25ML

  • 156.78CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (115576)  3-Carene  90%

  • 13466-78-9

  • 115576-1L

  • 1,024.92CNY

  • Detail

13466-78-9SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 18, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 18, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name car-3-ene

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names 3-Carene

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Food additives -> Flavoring Agents
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:13466-78-9 SDS

13466-78-9Synthetic route

3,7,7-trimethyl-cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene
3479-89-8

3,7,7-trimethyl-cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene

A

1,1,4-trimethylcycloheptane
2158-55-6

1,1,4-trimethylcycloheptane

B

2-carene
554-61-0

2-carene

C

1,5,5-trimethylcycloheptene
7348-54-1

1,5,5-trimethylcycloheptene

D

1,4,4-trimethylcycloheptene
4755-36-6

1,4,4-trimethylcycloheptene

E

carane
554-59-6

carane

F

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; platinum In hexane at 20 - 22℃; Product distribution; various amounts of hydrogen;A 59%
B 0.7%
C 27.1%
D 9.4%
E 1.8%
F 1.4%
2-carene
554-61-0

2-carene

A

1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene
99-86-5

1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene

B

4-methylisopropylbenzene
99-87-6

4-methylisopropylbenzene

C

isoterpinolene
586-63-0

isoterpinolene

D

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
thionin-supported zeolite Na-Y In hexane at 20℃; for 0.5h; Product distribution;A 25%
B 18%
C 40%
D 10%
3,7,7-trimethyl-cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene
3479-89-8

3,7,7-trimethyl-cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene

A

1,1,4-trimethylcycloheptane
2158-55-6

1,1,4-trimethylcycloheptane

B

1,5,5-trimethylcycloheptene
7348-54-1

1,5,5-trimethylcycloheptene

C

1,4,4-trimethylcycloheptene
4755-36-6

1,4,4-trimethylcycloheptene

D

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; platinum In hexane at 20 - 22℃; Yield given. Further byproducts given;
With hydrogen; platinum In hexane at 20 - 22℃; Yield given. Further byproducts given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
4-hydroxymethyl-2-carene
15103-32-9

4-hydroxymethyl-2-carene

A

2-carene
554-61-0

2-carene

B

3,4,7,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene
100102-73-6

3,4,7,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene

C

4-methyl-3(10),4-caradiene
103200-82-4, 106007-94-7

4-methyl-3(10),4-caradiene

D

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide at 250℃; Product distribution;A 2.6 % Chromat.
B 28.6 % Chromat.
C 11.9 % Chromat.
D 3.5 % Chromat.
With potassium hydroxide at 250℃;A 2.6 % Chromat.
B 28.6 % Chromat.
C 11.9 % Chromat.
D 3.5 % Chromat.

A

3-caren-10-ol
2517-19-3

3-caren-10-ol

B

3,7,7-trimethyl-cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene
3479-89-8

3,7,7-trimethyl-cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene

C

cara-3(10),4-diene
86361-47-9, 104048-19-3

cara-3(10),4-diene

D

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
rhenium(VII) oxide on aluminum oxide at 150℃; for 1h; Product distribution; in sealed tube, other catalysts and reaction time tested;A 6.2 % Chromat.
B 8.8 % Chromat.
C 6.0 % Chromat.
D 6.2 % Chromat.
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

3,4-epoxycarane
2225-98-1

3,4-epoxycarane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With disodium hydrogenphosphate; 1,1,1,3',3',3'-hexafluoro-propanol; dihydrogen peroxide at 20℃; for 21h;98%
With 1-methyl-1H-imidazole; 3-Methylpyrazole; dihydrogen peroxide; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In dichloromethane at 10℃; for 4h;94%
With sodium dihydrogenphosphate; phosphoric acid; dihydrogen peroxide; methyl tri-n-octyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate; sodium tungstate; sodium sulfate In toluene at 70℃; for 4h;88%
C6H4N2O4S3
62925-73-9

C6H4N2O4S3

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

C16H20N2O4S3
131843-17-9

C16H20N2O4S3

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether for 5h; Ambient temperature;92%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

carane
554-59-6

carane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With nickel(II) bis(octanoate); hydrogen; 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabuta-1,3-diene; 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]-dioxaboralane In benzene-d6 at 50℃; under 3040.2 Torr; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst;90%
With hydrogen; platinum In ethanol
1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl sulfenyl chlorides
53724-68-8

1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl sulfenyl chlorides

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

3-chloro-4-(1-phenyltetrazolylthio)carane

3-chloro-4-(1-phenyltetrazolylthio)carane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at -20 - 20℃; for 3h;88.2%
(trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane
81290-20-2

(trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

8,8-difluoro-1,4,4-trimethyltricyclo[5.1.0.03,5]octane

8,8-difluoro-1,4,4-trimethyltricyclo[5.1.0.03,5]octane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium iodide In tetrahydrofuran at 120℃; under 6000.6 Torr; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere; Flow reactor;88%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

(1R,3S)-1-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]2-propanone

(1R,3S)-1-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]2-propanone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 3-carene With oxygen; ozone; acetic acid In dichloromethane at -4 - -2℃;
Stage #2: With sodium tris(acetoxy)borohydride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;
85%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

(3S,4S)-3,4-Dichloro-3,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

(3S,4S)-3,4-Dichloro-3,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chloro-trimethyl-silane; tetradecyltrimethylammonium permanganate In dichloromethane at 0 - 3℃; for 1.5h;84%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

Δ3-carene bromohydrin

Δ3-carene bromohydrin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N-Bromosuccinimide In water; acetone at 10℃;84%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diphenylphosphinic anhydride; dihydrogen peroxide; potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran at -5℃; for 20h;80%
With sodium hydroxide; dihydrogen peroxide; N-tosylimidazole In methanol for 3h;56%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

phenol
108-95-2

phenol

10-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.0.3,8]trideca-3(8),4,6-triene

10-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.0.3,8]trideca-3(8),4,6-triene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium(III) phenoxide at 150 - 160℃;80%
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

A

3-methoxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

3-methoxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

B

3-methoxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

3-methoxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: methanol; 3-carene With mercury(II) diacetate at 0℃;
Stage #2: With sodium In methanol at 0℃;
A n/a
B 80%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-one
13124-69-1

4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 3-carene With Acetoxyboran In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 16h;
Stage #2: With pyridinium chlorochromate In dichloromethane for 1h; Heating;
79%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; Cu + 6percent LiOH on aluminum γ-oxide at 260℃; under 11400 Torr; Further byproducts given. Yields of byproduct given;A 78%
B n/a
C n/a
D n/a
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

1,2-dibromomethane
74-95-3

1,2-dibromomethane

1,4,4-trimethyltricyclo<5.1.0.03,5>octane
35266-89-8

1,4,4-trimethyltricyclo<5.1.0.03,5>octane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetyl chloride; copper(l) chloride; zinc In diethyl ether Heating;76%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

cis-3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3,4-diol

cis-3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3,4-diol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide; tetradecyltrimethylammonium permanganate In dichloromethane; tert-butyl alcohol at 30℃; for 1h;71%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

A

4-hydroxy-3-hydroperoxycarene

4-hydroxy-3-hydroperoxycarene

B

carane-3,4-diol
57526-47-3

carane-3,4-diol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dihydrogen peroxide; magnesium sulfate; tert-butyl alcohol; tungsten boride In water at 25 - 40℃; for 25.5h;A 70.4%
B 21.7%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

1-((1R,3S,5S)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)ethan-1-one
32543-81-0

1-((1R,3S,5S)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)ethan-1-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thallium(III) nitrate In methanol Ambient temperature;70%
With thallium(III) nitrate In methanol Ambient temperature;70%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

carane-3,4-diol
57526-47-3

carane-3,4-diol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dihydrogen peroxide; tert-butyl alcohol; tungsten In water at 25℃; for 25.5h;70%
With formic acid; dihydrogen peroxide hydroxylation;
With osmium(VIII) oxide In dichloromethane
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: MCPA / H2O
2: H2SO4; water
View Scheme
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

A

3,4-epoxycarane
2225-98-1

3,4-epoxycarane

B

2,2-dimethyl cyclohepta-3,5-diene-1-one

2,2-dimethyl cyclohepta-3,5-diene-1-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With cobalt dichloride; oxygen; 2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-cyclopentanone In acetonitrile for 40h;A n/a
B 68%
With cobalt dichloride; oxygen; isobutyraldehyde In acetonitrileA 47%
B 35%
dimethyl sulfide borane
13292-87-0

dimethyl sulfide borane

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

B-methoxydiisocaranylborane

B-methoxydiisocaranylborane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran (N2), BH3*SMe2 in THF cooled to 0°C in ice bath, carene added dropwise with stirring, maintained at 0°C for 20 h with stirring; crystals washed with ice-cold Et2O, solid taken up in THF, MeOH added dropwise at 0°C, mixture stirred at 0°C for 2 h, slowly warmed to room temp., stirred at 25°C for 1 h, solvent removed under vac.;68%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

(+/-)-Car-3-ene-2,5-dione
67670-71-7, 67670-72-8, 6617-34-1

(+/-)-Car-3-ene-2,5-dione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; oxygen In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 2h; Green chemistry;61.2%
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; bis{rhodium[3,3'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid)]}; water at 20℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; regioselective reaction;60%
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; sodium hydrogencarbonate; bis-[(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene In dichloromethane at -30 - 20℃; for 6h;35%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

2-(2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)cyclopropyl)acetic acid
99265-61-9

2-(2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)cyclopropyl)acetic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium periodate; ruthenium(III) trichloride hydrate In water; tert-butyl alcohol at 35 - 55℃; for 3.5h;59%
With sodium periodate; rhodium(III) chloride hydrate In water; tert-butyl alcohol at 35 - 55℃; for 3.5h; Inert atmosphere;59%
With sodium periodate; rhodium(III) chloride hydrate In water; tert-butyl alcohol at 45 - 55℃; for 3.5h; Temperature;
palladium dichloride

palladium dichloride

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

Pd2Cl2(C10H15)2
89606-45-1

Pd2Cl2(C10H15)2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium acetate In acetic acid equimolar amts., 55-60°C, 4 h;50%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

2,2-dimethyl cyclohepta-3,5-diene-1-one

2,2-dimethyl cyclohepta-3,5-diene-1-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen; isobutyraldehyde; (MeO2CCH(Bn)N=CH(C6H4O)-o)2Co In acetonitrile at 25℃;48%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

A

3-acetyl-6,6-dimethylbicyclo<3.1.0>hexane
1856-74-2

3-acetyl-6,6-dimethylbicyclo<3.1.0>hexane

2α-Bromo-3β-hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo<4.1.0>heptane
94450-61-0

2α-Bromo-3β-hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo<4.1.0>heptane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N-Bromosuccinimide; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 70℃; for 10h;A 25%
B 40%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

C10H16O2

C10H16O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium permanganate; water In acetone at 5℃; for 12h; Temperature;40%
3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

1,1,4-trimethylcycloheptane
2158-55-6

1,1,4-trimethylcycloheptane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; platinum on activated charcoal at 70℃; Product distribution; other temperature; other catalyst;37%
acetic acid
64-19-7

acetic acid

3-carene
13466-78-9

3-carene

C12H18O2
13837-89-3

C12H18O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2-[(phenylmethyl) thio]-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole; palladium diacetate; triethylamine; p-benzoquinone at 40℃; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; regioselective reaction;32%

13466-78-9Related news

Detection of 3-CARENE (cas 13466-78-9) in mango using a quartz crystal microbalance sensor08/09/2019

The exacting technology of piezoelectric aroma sensor has engendered a great hope for determining the ripening aroma of mango (Mangifera indica L.). 3-Carene is one of the most important ripeness indicating aromas of mango. Detection of 3-Carene content in mango is very important because fruit a...detailed

Measurement and correlation of vapor–liquid equilibrium data for binary and ternary systems composed of (−)-β-caryophyllene, p-cymene and 3-CARENE (cas 13466-78-9) at 101.33 kPa08/07/2019

New experimental vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for three binary systems composed of p-cymene + (−)-β-caryophyllene, 3-carene + (−)-β-caryophyllene, and 3-carene + p-cymene and for the ternary system of (−)-β-caryophyllene + p-cymene + 3-carene were obtained using a modified Ellis equil...detailed

Catalytic isomerization of α-pinene and 3-CARENE (cas 13466-78-9) in the presence of modified layered aluminosilicates08/06/2019

The catalytic properties of acid-modified montmorillonite, kaolinite (Mongolia) and illite (Belarus) clays, as well as a commercial aluminosilicate catalyst AS-36 were studied in the liquid-phase isomerization of α-pinene and 3-carene. The largest conversion of α-pinene (100% after 6 h) was ob...detailed

Preparation of chiral isobenzofurans from 3-CARENE (cas 13466-78-9) in the presence of modified clays08/05/2019

Isomerization of 3-carene to the reaction mixture, containing 2-carene and its further utilization in the synthesis of chiral isobenzofurans, was investigated in the presence of acid-modified clays at 140 °C. The catalysts were characterized by XRF, FTIR with pyridine and nitrogen adsorption. Q...detailed

13466-78-9Relevant articles and documents

Wijayati,Handayani,Supartono

, p. 1705 - 1708 (2017)

Schweers

, p. 4425 - 4428 (1968)

Nuretdinova et al.

, (1975)

Fine particle and gaseous emission rates from residential wood combustion

Mcdonald, Jacob D.,Zielinska, Barbara,Fujita, Eric M.,Sagebiel, John C.,Chow, Judith C.,Watson, John G.

, p. 2080 - 2091 (2007/10/03)

Residential wood combustion emissions were analyzed to determine emission rates and to develop chemical emissions profiles that represent the appliances and woods typically used in wood-burning-communities. Over 350 elements, inorganic compounds, and organic compounds were quantified. A range of 4-9 g/kg dry fuel of particulate matter(a dilution stack sampler equipped with a 2.5-μm particle selective cyclone. Emissions were diluted 20-70 times, cooled to ambient temperature, and allowed 80 s for condensation prior to collection. Wood type, wood moisture, burn rate, and fuel load were varied for different experiments. Fine particle and se mivolatile organic compounds were collected on filter/PUF/XAD/PUF cartridges. Inorganic samples and mass were collected on Teflon and quartz filters. Volatile organic carbon compounds were trapped with Tenax (C8- C20), canister (C2-C12), and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated cartridges (carbonyl compounds). Analysis of particle and semivolatile organic species was conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Teflon filters were analyzed for mass by gravimetry, trace elements were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and ammonium was analyzed by automated colorimetry. Quartz filters were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance, and forts were analyzed by ion chromatography. Select quartz filters were analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry for carbon-12 and carbon-14 abundance. Canister and Tenax samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Residential wood combustion emissions were analyzed to determine emission rates and to develop chemical emissions profiles that represent the appliances and woods typically used in wood-burning communities. Over 350 elements, inorganic compounds, and organic compounds were quantified. A range of 4-9 g/kg dry fuel of particulate matter (a dilution stack sampler equipped with a 2.5-μm particle selective cyclone. Emissions were diluted 20-70 times, cooled to ambient temperature, and allowed 80 s for condensation prior to collection. Wood type, wood moisture, burn rate, and fuel load were varied for different experiments. Fine particle and semivolatile organic compounds were collected on filter/PUF/XAD/PUF cartridges. Inorganic samples and mass were collected on Teflon and quartz filters. Volatile organic carbon compounds were trapped with Tenax (C8-C20), canister (C2-C12), and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated cartridges (carbonyl compounds). Analysis of particle and semivolatile organic species was conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Teflon filters were analyzed for mass by gravimetry, trace elements were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, and ammonium was analyzed by automated colorimetry. Quartz filters were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance, and ions were analyzed by ion chromatography. Select quartz filters were analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry for carbon-12 and carbon-14 abundance. Canister and Tenax samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

2-PHENYLSULFINYLMETHYL-1,3-BUTADIENE IN THE THERMAL DIELS-ALDER REACTION

Veselovskii, V. V.,Makarova, Z. G.,Lutsenko, A. I.,Shpiro, N. A.,Zhulin, V. M.,Moiseenkov, A. M.

, p. 692 - 697 (2007/10/02)

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