14072-87-8Relevant articles and documents
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Biggerstaff et al.
, p. 934,938 (1954)
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Dehydration of secondary alcohols via thermolysis of in situ generated alkyl diphenyl phosphates: An inexpensive and environmentally compatible method for the preparation of alkenes
Quast,Dietz
, p. 1300 - 1304 (2007/10/02)
Secondary alcohols are converted into diphenyl phosphate esters by the action of triphenyl phosphate or diphenyl phosphorochloridate in high-boiling, water-miscible solvents in the presence of base. The alkyl diphenyl phosphates undergo thermolysis to afford high yields of alkenes which distill from the reaction mixtures. Purification of the products is achieved by extraction with dilute sulfuric acid which removes traces of solvent and base that may have codistilled. The ratios of 2- (14) and 3-menthene (15), obtained from menthol (13) and neomenthol (16), and the formation of rearranged alkenes by 1,2-shifts from 3, 6, and 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol are consistent with ionic intermediates of the elimination reaction. The novel dehydration method offers distinct and important advantages over the existing methods.
A New Reducing System: Calcium Metal in Amines. Reduction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Benkeser, Robert A.,Belmonte, Frank G.,Kang, Jahyo
, p. 2796 - 2802 (2007/10/02)
A new reducing system consisting of calcium dissolved in a mixture of amines (methylamine-ethylenediamine) is described.Representative aromatic hydrocarbons have been reduced by this new reagent largely to monoalkenes.Hydrocarbons like tetralin, m- and p-xylene, and indan are reduced in excellent yields by the calcium system to a crude product containing 88percent or better of a single alkene.A new technique involving oxymercuration-demercuration is used to purify two of the monoalkene isomer mixtures obtained in these reductions.Unexpectedly, durene is reduced by the calcium reagent to 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene in excellent yield.Likewise anthracene is reduced in one step to 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-decahydroanthracene.Experiments designed to elucidate why the calcium system does not reduce durene or anthracene to monoalkenes are described.Similarities and differences between the calcium-amine and the lithium-amine reducing systems are discussed.