189818-20-0Relevant articles and documents
Stereospecific synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and oral bioavailability of tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one HIV protease inhibitors
De Lucca, George V.,Liang, Jing,De Lucca, Indawati
, p. 135 - 152 (2007/10/03)
The use of tetrahydropyrimidinones as an alternate scaffold for designing HIVPR inhibitors has advantages, over the previously disclosed hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2-ones, of being more unsymmetrical (different P1/P1'), less crystalline, more soluble, and more lipophilic (mono-ol vs diol). They show a better translation of K(i) to IC90 for the more polar P2 groups that in general give the more potent enzyme inhibitors. Structure- activity relationship (SAR) studies of the tetrahydropyrimidinones showed that the phenylethyl P1' substituent, the hydroxyl group, and the urea carbonyl are all critical for good activity. However, there was significant flexibility in the possible P2/P2' substituents that could be used. Many analogues that contained identical or different P2/P2' substituents, or only one P2 substituent, were found to have excellent enzyme potency and several had excellent antiviral potency. Several of these compounds were examined for oral bioavailability in the rat or the dog at 10 mg/kg. However, the oral bioavailability of the tetrahydropyrimidinones was, in general, less than the corresponding hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2-ones. Unfortunately, when all factors are considered, including potency, protein binding, solubility, bioavailability, and resistance profile, the tetrahydropyrimidinones did not offer any advantage over the previously disclosed hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2- ones series.
Stereospecific, Stereoselective Rearrangement of Hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2-ones to Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones and Imidazolidin-2-ones, a Useful Route for the Synthesis of HIV Protease Inhibitors
De Lucca, George V.
, p. 4755 - 4766 (2007/10/03)
We have discovered that hexahydro-5,6-dihydroxy-l,3-diazepin-2-ones can undergo a stereospecific, stereoselective-rearrangement, ring-contraction reaction to give the corresponding tetrahydro-5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-ones. This reaction is very general and proceeds in excellent yields. The rearrangement proceeds through the formation of the aziridinium cationic intermediate I, which is subsequently opened by nucleophilic attack (SN2) at the less hindered carbon to give the rearranged product. The X-ray structure determination of the rearranged product (17a; Figure 1) confirmed the structure and the stereochemical assignments and is consistent with the proposed mechanism. When the urea nitrogens are not substituted, the aziridine product can be isolated, and its structure (24; Figure 2) was also confirmed by X-ray analysis. The aziridine product can be used as a mono N-protecting group to synthesize differentially disubstituted N,N′-dialkylated tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one analogues. The tetrahydro-5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-ones can further undergo a second stereospecific, stereoselective-rearrangement, ring-contraction reaction to give the corresponding imidazolidinones. This second rearrangement is also very general and proceeds in good yields. These tetrahydro-5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-ones and imidazolidinones have previously been shown to be potent HIVPR inhibitors.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of tetrahydropyrimidinones as an example of a general approach to nonpeptide HIV protease inhibitors
De Lucca, George V.,Liang, Jing,Aldrich, Paul E.,Calabrese, Joe,Cordova, Beverly,Klabe, Ronald M.,Rayner, Marlene M.,Chang, Chong-Hwan
, p. 1707 - 1719 (2007/10/03)
Re-examination of the design of the cyclic urea class of HIV protease (HIVPR) inhibitors suggests a general approach to designing novel nonpeptide cyclic HIVPR inhibitors. This process involves the inversion of the stereochemical centers of the core transition-state isostere of the linear HIVPR inhibitors and cyclization of the resulting core using an appropriate cyclizing reagent. As an example, this process is applied to the diamino alcohol class of HIVPR inhibitors to give tetrahydropyrimidinones. Conformational analysis of the tetrahydropyrimidinones and modeling of its interaction with the active site of HIVPR suggested modifications which led to very potent inhibitors of HIVPR (24 with a K(i) = 0.018 nM). The X-ray crystallographic structure of the complex of 24 with HIVPR confirms the analysis and modeling predictions. The example reported in this study and other examples that are cited indicate that this process may be generally applicable to other linear inhibitors.
