19576-08-0Relevant articles and documents
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Boyce,Whitehurst
, p. 2022 (1959)
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A Highly Active Polymer-Supported Catalyst for Asymmetric Robinson Annulations in Continuous Flow
Canellas, Santiago,Ayats, Carles,Henseler, Andrea H.,Pericàs, Miquel A.
, p. 1383 - 1391 (2017/08/09)
The preparation through Robinson annulation of enantiopure building blocks with both academic and industrial relevance, such as the Wieland-Miescher and Hajos-Parrish ketones, has suffered from important drawbacks, such as the need for high catalyst loading or extremely long reaction times. Here we report a heterogenized organocatalyst based on Luo's diamine for fast and broad-scope enantioselective Robinson annulation reactions. The polystyrene-supported diamine 19a enables the high-yield, highly enantioselective preparation of a wide range of chiral bicyclic enones under mild conditions, with reaction times as short as 60 min (batch) or residence times of 10 min (flow). In contrast with its homogeneous counterpart 19b, the catalytic resin 19a experiences a notable increase in catalytic activity with temperature in 2-MeTHF (a 10-fold decrease in reaction times without erosion in enantioselectivity is observed from room temperature to 55 °C). The scope of the transformation in batch mode has been illustrated with 14 examples, including examples only reported in poorly enantioenriched (22n) or in racemic form (22k). Enantiopure 22k has been used as the starting material for a straightforward formal synthesis of the antibiotic and antifeedant sesquiterpene (-)-isovelleral (24). The heterogenized catalyst 19a admits extended recycling (10 cycles) and has been used to develop the first asymmetric Robinson annulations in continuous flow. The potential of the flow process is illustrated by the large-scale preparation of the Wieland-Miescher ketone (65 mmol in 24 h of operation, TON of 117) and by a sequential flow experiment leading to a library of eight enantioenriched diketone compounds.
Pyrimidine-derived prolinamides as recoverable bifunctional organocatalysts for enantioselective inter- and intramolecular aldol reactions under solvent-free conditions
Vizcaíno-Milla, Pascuala,Sansano, José M.,Nájera, Carmen,Fiser, Béla,G?mez-Bengoa, Enrique
supporting information, p. 2614 - 2621 (2015/04/27)
Chiral L-prolinamides 2 containing the (R,R)- and (S,S)-trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine scaffold and a 2-pyrimidinyl unit are synthesized and used as general organocatalysts for intermolecular and intramolecular aldol reactions with 1,6-hexanedioic acid as a co-catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The intermolecular reaction between ketone-aldehyde and aldehyde-aldehyde must be performed under wet conditions with catalyst (S,S)-2b at 10 °C, which affords anti-aldols with high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. For the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction, both diastereomers of catalyst 2 give similar results at room temperature in the absence of water to give the corresponding Wieland-Miescher ketone and derivatives. Both types of reactions were scaled up to 1 g, and the organocatalysts were recovered by extractive workup and reused without any appreciable loss in activity. DFT calculations support the stereochemical results of the intermolecular process and the bifunctional role played by the organocatalyst by providing a computational comparison of the H-bonding networks occurring with catalysts 2a and 2b. The intermolecular ketone-aldehyde and aldehyde-aldehyde aldol reactions and the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert versions with the employment of chiral L-prolinamides containing the (R,R)- and (S,S)-trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine scaffold and a 2-pyrimidinyl unit are successfully performed under solvent-free conditions; WMK = Wieland-Miescher ketone.
