247068-84-4Relevant articles and documents
Allenone-Mediated Racemization/Epimerization-Free Peptide Bond Formation and Its Application in Peptide Synthesis
Wang, Penghui,Wang, Xuewei,Wang, Zhengning,Zhao, Junfeng
supporting information, p. 10374 - 10381 (2021/07/26)
Allenone has been identified as a highly effective peptide coupling reagent for the first time. The peptide bond was formed with an α-carbonyl vinyl ester as the key intermediate, the formation and subsequent aminolysis of which proceed spontaneously in a racemization-/epimerization-free manner. The allenone coupling reagent not only is effective for the synthesis of simple amides and dipeptides but is also amenable to peptide fragment condensation and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The robustness of the allenone-mediated peptide bond formation was showcased incisively by the synthesis of carfilzomib, which involved a rare racemization-/epimerization-free N to C peptide elongation strategy. Furthermore, the successful synthesis of the model difficult peptide ACP (65-74) on a solid support suggested that this method was compatible with SPPS. This method combines the advantages of conventional active esters and coupling reagents, while overcoming the disadvantages of both strategies. Thus, this allenone-mediated peptide bond formation strategy represents a disruptive innovation in peptide synthesis.
LMP2 Inhibitors as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease
Bhattarai, Deepak,Lee, Min Jae,Baek, Ahruem,Yeo, In Jun,Miller, Zachary,Baek, Yu Mi,Lee, Sukyeong,Kim, Dong-Eun,Hong, Jin Tae,Kim, Kyung Bo
, p. 3763 - 3783 (2020/04/30)
The immunoproteasome (iP), an inducible proteasome variant harboring three immunosubunits, low molecular mass polypeptide-2 (LMP2), multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit-1, and low molecular mass polypeptide-7 (LMP7), is involved in multiple facets of inflammatory responses. We recently reported that YU102, a dual inhibitor of the iP subunit LMP2 and the constitutive proteasome catalytic subunit β1, ameliorates cognitive impairments in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) independently of amyloid deposits. To investigate whether inhibition of LMP2 is sufficient to improve the cognitive functions of AD mice, here we prepared 37 YU102 analogues and identified a potent LMP2 inhibitor DB-310 (28) (IC50: 80.6 nM) with improved selectivity and permeability in cells overexpressing ABCB1 transporters. We show that DB-310 induces suppression of IL-1α production in microglia cells and improves cognitive functions in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of AD. This study supports that inhibition of LMP2 is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of AD.
Covalent docking modelling-based discovery of tripeptidyl epoxyketone proteasome inhibitors composed of aliphatic-heterocycles
Dong, Xiao-Wu,Zhang, Jian-Kang,Xu, Lei,Che, Jin-Xin,Cheng, Gang,Hu, Xiao-Bei,Sheng, Li,Gao, An-Hui,Li, Jia,Liu, Tao,Hu, Yong-Zhou,Zhou, Yu-Bo
, p. 602 - 614 (2019/01/11)
The potential of specific proteasome inhibitors to act as anti-cancer agents has attracted intensive investigations. The proteasome can be covalently inhibited by epoxyketone derivatives via a two-step reaction. Several computational approaches have been developed to mimic the covalent binding event. Compound 1 composed of a six-membered heterocyclic ring was designed by using covalent docking. With a possible different binding mode from the clinical compound Carfilzomib, it occupied the S5 pocket of 20S proteasome and showed favorable inhibitory activity. Subsequently optimization and evaluation were taken place. Among these compounds, 11h demonstrated extraordinary in vitro inhibitory activity and selectivity, and good in vivo proteasome inhibitory activity, a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and xenograft tumor inhibition. The possible binding pattern of compound 11h against proteasome was further fully explored via calculations, providing a theoretical basis for finding potent proteasome inhibitors.
Tripeptide analogues of MG132 as protease inhibitors
Pehere, Ashok D.,Nguyen, Steven,Garlick, Sarah K.,Wilson, Danny W.,Hudson, Irene,Sykes, Matthew J.,Morton, James D.,Abell, Andrew D.
, p. 436 - 441 (2019/01/04)
The 26S proteasome and calpain are linked to a number of important human diseases. Here, we report a series of analogues of the prototypical tripeptide aldehyde inhibitor MG132 that show a unique combination of high activity and selectivity for calpains over proteasome. Tripeptide aldehydes (1–3) with an aromatic P3 substituent show enhanced activity and selectivity against ovine calpain 2 relative to chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome. Docking studies reveal the key contacts between inhibitors and calpain to confirm the importance of the S3 pocket with respect to selectivity between calpains 1 and 2 and the proteasome.
BETA-SUBSTITUTED BETA-AMINO ACIDS AND ANALOGS AS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND USES THEREOF
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Paragraph 0569; 0885; 0908, (2017/02/28)
β-Substituted β-amino acids, β-substituted β-amino acid derivatives, and β-substituted β-amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The β-substituted β-amino acid derivatives and β-substituted β-amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the β-substituted β-amino acid derivatives and β-substituted β-amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The β-substituted β-amino acid derivatives and β-substituted β-amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The β-substituted β-amino acid derivatives and β-substituted β-amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF (2S)-N-((S)-1-((S)-4-METHYL-1-((R)-2-METHYL OXIRAN-2-YL)-1-OXOPENTAN-2-YLCARBAMOYL)-2-PHENYLETHYL)-2-((S)-2-(2-MORPHOLINO ACETAMIDO)-4-PHENYLBUTANAMIDO)-4-METHYLPENTANAMIDE
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, (2016/11/14)
The present invention relates to process for the preparation of (2S)-N-((S)-l -((S)-4-methyl-1 -((R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-1-oxopentan-2-ylcarbamoyl)-2-phenylethyl)-2-((S)-2-(2-morpholinoacetamido)-4-phenylbutanamido)-4 -methylpentanamide represented by the following structural formula-1.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tripeptidyl epoxyketone derivatives constructed from β-amino acid as proteasome inhibitors
Zhang, Jiankang,Cao, Jiayi,Xu, Lei,Zhou, Yubo,Liu, Tao,Li, Jia,Hu, Yongzhou
, p. 2955 - 2965 (2014/05/20)
A series of novel tripeptidyl epoxyketone derivatives constructed from β-amino acid were designed, synthesized and evaluated as proteasome inhibitors. All target compounds were tested for their proteasome inhibitory activities and selected compounds were tested for their anti-proliferation activities against two multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines RPMI 8226 and NCI-H929. Among them, eleven compounds exhibited proteasome inhibitory rates of more than 50% at the concentration of 1 μg/mL and nine compounds showed anti-proliferation activities with IC50 values at low micromolar level. Compound 20h displayed the most potent proteasome inhibitory activities (IC50: 0.11 ± 0.01 μM) and anti-proliferation activities with IC50 values at 0.23 ± 0.01 and 0.17 ± 0.02 μM against two tested cell lines. Additionally, the poly-ubiquitin accumulation in the western blot analysis supported that proteasome inhibition in a cellular system was induced by compound 20h. All these experimental results confirmed that β-amino acid can be introduced as a building block for the development of proteasome inhibitors.
Enzyme inhibition by hydroamination: Design and mechanism of a hybrid carmaphycin-syringolin enone proteasome inhibitor
Trivella, Daniela B.B.,Pereira, Alban R.,Stein, Martin L.,Kasai, Yusuke,Byrum, Tara,Valeriote, Frederick A.,Tantillo, Dean J.,Groll, Michael,Gerwick, William H.,Moore, Bradley S.
, p. 782 - 791 (2014/07/07)
Hydroamination reactions involving the addition of an amine to an inactivated alkene are entropically prohibited and require strong chemical catalysts. While this synthetic process is efficient at generating substituted amines, there is no equivalent in small molecule-mediated enzyme inhibition. We report an unusual mechanism of proteasome inhibition that involves a hydroamination reaction of alkene derivatives of the epoxyketone natural product carmaphycin. We show that the carmaphycin enone first forms a hemiketal intermediate with the catalytic Thr1 residue of the proteasome before cyclization by an unanticipated intramolecular alkene hydroamination reaction, resulting in a stable six-membered morpholine ring. The carmaphycin enone electrophile, which does not undergo a 1,4-Michael addition as previously observed with vinyl sulfone and α,β-unsaturated amide-based inhibitors, is partially reversible and gives insight into the design of proteasome inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy.
Development of a new class of proteasome inhibitors with an epoxyketone warhead: Rational hybridization of non-peptidic belactosin derivatives and peptide epoxyketones
Kawamura, Shuhei,Unno, Yuka,Asai, Akira,Arisawa, Mitsuhiro,Shuto, Satoshi
supporting information, p. 3091 - 3095 (2014/06/09)
Proteasome inhibitors are currently a focus of increased attention as anticancer drug candidates. We recently performed systematic structure-activity relationship studies of the peptidic natural product belactosin A and identified non-peptidic derivative 2 as a highly potent proteasome inhibitor. However, the cell growth inhibitory effect of 2 is only moderate, probably due to the biologically unstable β-lactone warhead. Peptide epoxyketones are an important class of proteasome inhibitors exhibit high potency in cellular systems based on the efficient α,β-epoxyketone warhead. Importantly, belactosin derivatives bind primarily to the primed binding site, while peptide epoxyketones bind only to the non-primed binding site of proteasome, suggesting that hybridization of them might lead to the development of a new class of proteasome inhibitors. Thus, we successfully identified a novel chemotype of proteasome inhibitors 3 and 4 by rational structure-based design, which are expected to bind to both the primed and non-primed binding sites of proteasome.
The Carmaphycins: New Proteasome Inhibitors Exhibiting an α,β-Epoxyketone Warhead from a Marine Cyanobacterium
Pereira, Alban R.,Kale, Andrew J.,Fenley, Andrew T.,Byrum, Tara,Debonsi, Hosana M.,Gilson, Michael K.,Valeriote, Frederick A.,Moore, Bradley S.,Gerwick, William H.
, p. 810 - 817 (2012/07/28)
Two new peptidic proteasome inhibitors were isolated as trace components from a Curacao collection of the marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp. Carmaphycin A (1) and carmaphycin B (2) feature a leucine-derived α,β-epoxyketone warhead directly connected to either methionine sulfoxide or methionine sulfone. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS analyses and confirmed by total synthesis, which in turn provided more material for further biological evaluations. Pure carmaphycins A and B were found to inhibit the β5 subunit (chymotrypsin-like activity) of the S. cerevisiae 20S proteasome in the low nanomolar range. Additionally, they exhibited strong cytotoxicity to lung and colon cancer cell lines, as well as exquisite antiproliferative effects in the NCI60 cell-line panel. These assay results as well as initial structural biology studies suggest a distinctive binding mode for these new inhibitors.
