299-28-5 Usage
Description
Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconate, being an oxidative product of glucose containing 9.3% calcium. Calcium gluconate is a kind of mineral supplement and medication. It can be used for vein injection to treat the low blood calcium, high blood potassium, and magnesium toxicity. It is required only when there is not enough calcium in the diet. It is also used for the treatment of black widow spider bites to relieve muscle cramping and treatment of osteoporosis or rickets. It can also be used to decrease the capillary permeability in allergic conditions, nonthrombocytopenic purpura and exudative dermatoses.
References
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB11126
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_gluconate
Chemical Properties
white crystalline powder or granules
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 299-28-5 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. analgesic, antipyretic
2. Calcium Gluconate is used as an inert ingredient in pesticide formulations applied to crops. It is also used as a supplement to fortify beverages and foods lacking a sufficient amount of calcium.
3. In sewage purification; in coffee powders to prevent caking.
4. Calcium Gluconate is a white crystalline granule or powder that
functions as a firming agent, formulation aid, sequestrant, and sta-
bilizer. at room temperature the anhydrous form has a solubility of
approximately 1 g in 30 ml of water, which improves in boiling
water to approximately 1 g in 5 ml of water. it also exists as calcium
gluconate (monohydrate). it is used as a source of calcium ions for
sodium alginate gels, and as a calcium fortifier in baked goods, pud-
dings, and dairy product analogs. it functions as a coagulation aid
in milk and instant pudding powders and as a means of masking the
bitter aftertaste of some artificial sweeteners.
Brand name
Calglucon (Novartis).
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Industrial uses
calcium gluconate [Ca(C6H11O7)2] is used as a
food additive in vitamin pills.injection of a 10% calcium gluconate has been recommended. It has to be kept
in mind that the plasma Ca2+ level and any changes to the electrocardiogram (ECG) have to be carefully
monitored.
Clinical Use
Hypocalcaemia
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and
intravenous routes. Human systemic effects
in infants by intramuscular route: dermatitis
and fever. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Calcium salts are used for the prevention or treatment of hypocalcemic
conditions.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Can impair absorption of some drugs, e.g. iron,
ciprofloxacin.
Metabolism
Calcium is absorbed mainly from the small intestine by
active transport and passive diffusion. About one-third
of ingested calcium is absorbed although this can vary
depending upon dietary factors and the state of the small
intestine. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol), a
metabolite of vitamin D, enhances the active phase of
absorption.
Excess calcium is mainly excreted renally. Unabsorbed
calcium is eliminated in the faeces, together with that
secreted in the bile and pancreatic juice. Minor amounts
are lost in the sweat, skin, hair, and nails.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 299-28-5 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 2,9 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 299-28:
(5*2)+(4*9)+(3*9)+(2*2)+(1*8)=85
85 % 10 = 5
So 299-28-5 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI:1S/2C6H12O7.Ca/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2
299-28-5Relevant articles and documents
Crystal structure and thermodynamic properties of the coordination compound calcium D-gluconate Ca[D-C6H11O7]2(s)
Di, You-Ying,Kong, Yu-Xia,Liu, Yu-Pu,Zhang, Guo-Chun,Zhou, Chun-Sheng
, (2020/09/03)
The coordination compound calcium D-gluconate, Ca[D-C6H11O7]2(s), was synthesized and characterized by chemical analysis, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Single crystal X-ray diffraction technique revealed that the compound was formed by two D-gluconate anions and one calcium (II) cation. And the D-gluconate anion had a curved chain configuration with an intramolecular bond. The compound exhibited an outstanding chelate property of D-gluconate anions to calcium (II) cations, and the calcium (II) cation was eight-coordinated and chelated by four D-gluconate anions. The lattice potential energy and ionic volume of the anion were calculated to be 1434.05 kJ?mol?1 and 0.4211 nm3 from crystallographic data. In accordance with famous Hess law, a reasonable thermochemical cycle was designed and the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ca[D-C6H11O7]2(s) was calculated as ΔsHm[Ca[D-C6H11O7]2, s] = -(3545.19 ± 1.07) kJ?mol?1 by use of an isoperibol solution-reaction calorimeter. Furthermore, molar heat capacities of the compound were measured using a Quantum Design Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) with specific heat option within the temperature range from (1.9–300) K. The heat capacities of the compound increased with the temperature and no thermal anomaly was found in the whole temperature region. The experimental data was fitted to a function of the absolute temperature T with a series of theoretical and empirical models for the proper temperature ranges. The values of standard thermodynamic function, Cp,mo/J?K?1?mol?1, Δ0THmo/kJ?mol?1, Δ0TSmo/J?K?1?mol?1, and ΔoTGmo/T/J?K?1?mol?1 (=Δ0TSmo-Δ0THmo/T) from T = (0–300) K was calculated based on the fitting results. The standard molar heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy of the compound at T = 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa was determined to be Cp,mo= (493.20 ± 2.70) J·K?1 mol?1, Hmo= (75934 ± 805) J·mol?1, Smo= (471.55 ± 2.78) J·K?1 mol?1, and Gmo/T = - (64658 ± 808) J·K?1?mol?1, respectively.
Preparation method of calcium glucarate
-
Paragraph 0051-0054, (2019/05/08)
The invention relates to a preparation method of calcium glucarate, and belongs to the field of pharmacy. The invention provides a preparation method of the calcium glucarate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) putting glucose, oxygen and a metal catalyst palladium vanadium ammonium into a high-pressure reactor for catalytic oxidation reaction to obtain glucaric acid; (2) after the oxidation reaction, adding potassium-containing alkali to convert the glucaric acid into potassium gluconate; (3) enabling the potassium gluconate to react with an acid to release the glucaricacid; (4) enabling the glucaric acid to react with the calcium-containing alkali to obtain the calcium glucarate. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is pollution-free to the environment, and meanwhile, the total yield is increased; the catalyst can be repeatedly used; the cost is reduced; the calcium content is 98 to 102 percent; a small amount of industrial wastewater, waste residues and waste gas are generated; the preparation method is suitable for industrial production.
Electrodialytic purification of calcium gluconate
Konarev
experimental part, p. 225 - 228 (2012/08/08)
Possibility of using the electrodialytic method for purification of calcium gluconate to remove sodium bromide was examined. The electrodialysis conditions were optimized. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.
