36653-82-4 Usage
Description
1-Hexadecanol is a waxy white powder or flake form at room temperature, and is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohols and oils. Discovered by Chevrenl in 1913, It is one of the oldest known long-chain alcohol. It can be produced from the reduction of palmitic acid. 1-Hexadecanol may be contained in cosmetic and personal care products such as shampoos, creams and lotions. it is mainly used as an opacifier, emulsifier, and thickening agent that alter the thickness of the liquid, and increase and stabilize the foaming capacity.
Chemical Properties
Cetyl alcohol occurs as waxy, white flakes, granules, cubes, or
castings. It has a faint characteristic odor and bland taste.
Originator
Hexadecyl alcohol,Esso Res. And
Eng. Co.
Occurrence
Reported as a major constituent of spermaceti oil, where it is present chiefy as cetyl palmitate Also reported found in guava, peach, pear, kohlrabi, baked potato, mustard, Parmesan cheese, butter, milk powder, boiled egg, cooked chicken, roasted beef, beef fat, whiskies, tea, starfruit, mango, rice, licorice, kiwifruit, loquat, endive, shrimp, crab, clam, Cape gooseberry and pawpaw
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 36653-82-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 1-Hexadecanol has been used in preparation of:(±)-2-methoxyheptadecanoic acid (fatty acid)high-chain fatty acid esters of 1-hexadecanol, novel organic phase change material for thermal energy storagehexadecane (alkane) in the presence of membrane fraction of Vibrio furnissii M1
2. cetyl alcohol is a versatile ingredient that can serve as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, binder, foam booster, or emulsion stabilizer, depending on the formulation and need. It is derived from coconut or palm oil as well as being synthetically manufactured. It is considered by some sources to be a non-comedogenic material.
Definition
ChEBI: 1-Hexadecanol is a long chain fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a synthetic, solid, fatty alcohol and nonionic surfactant. It is used as an emulsifying agent in pharmaceutical preparations.
Production Methods
Cetyl alcohol may be manufactured by a number of methods such as
esterification and hydrogenolysis of fatty acids or by catalytic
hydrogenation of the triglycerides obtained from coconut oil or
tallow. Cetyl alcohol may be purified by crystallization and
distillation.
Synthesis Reference(s)
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 42, p. 512, 1977 DOI: 10.1021/jo00423a025Synthetic Communications, 25, p. 1901, 1995 DOI: 10.1080/00397919508015865Tetrahedron Letters, 24, p. 4485, 1983 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)85933-X
General Description
1-Hexadecanol is a free fatty acid alcohol generally used as an emulsifier, emollient, opacifier and surfactant in cosmetics formulations.
Flammability and Explosibility
Notclassified
Safety
Cetyl alcohol is mainly used in topical formulations, although it has
also been used in oral and rectal preparations.
Cetyl alcohol has been associated with allergic delayed-type
hypersensitivity reactions in patients with stasis dermatitis. Crosssensitization
with cetostearyl alcohol, lanolin, and stearyl alcohol
has also been reported. It has been suggested that hypersensitivity
may be caused by impurities in commercial grades of cetyl
alcohol since highly refined cetyl alcohol (99.5%) has not been
associated with hypersensitivity reactions.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 1.6 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 3.2 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 1.6 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 5 g/kg
storage
Cetyl alcohol is stable in the presence of acids, alkalis, light, and air;
it does not become rancid. It should be stored in a well-closed
container in a cool, dry place.
Purification Methods
Crystallise the alcohol from aqueous EtOH or from cyclohexane. Alternatively purify it by zone refining. The purity can be checked by gas chromatography. [Beilstein 1 H 429, 1 I 219, 1 II 466, 1 III 1815, 1 IV 1876.]
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Cetyl alcohol is
responsible for lowering the melting point of ibuprofen, which
results in sticking tendencies during the process of film coating
ibuprofen crystals.
Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (ophthalmic
preparations, oral capsules and tablets, otic and rectal preparations,
topical aerosols, creams, emulsions, ointments and solutions, and
vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed
in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal
Ingredients.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 36653-82-4 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 3,6,6,5 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 36653-82:
(7*3)+(6*6)+(5*6)+(4*5)+(3*3)+(2*8)+(1*2)=134
134 % 10 = 4
So 36653-82-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C16H34O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17/h17H,2-16H2,1H3
36653-82-4Relevant articles and documents
Linear long-chain α-olefins from hydrodeoxygenation of methyl palmitate over copper phyllosilicate catalysts
Choojun, Kittisak,Huang, Ai-Lin,Lin, Yu-Chuan,Poo-arporn, Yingyot,Prasanseang, Warot,Sooknoi, Tawan
, (2022/03/01)
Copper phyllosilicate (CuPS) was used as a bifunctional catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of methyl palmitate (MP) to produce long-chain α-olefins without the loss of carbon backbone. The CuPS catalysts were prepared by ammonia evaporation-hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, surface area, reducibility, Cu dispersion, Cu particle size and acidity of the catalysts were examined by XRD, BET, H2-TPR, TEM, NH3-TPD and Py-IR. The existence of Cu2+ species (octahedral (Oh)/square planar (Sq)), Cu+ and Cu0 upon calcination/reduction was investigated by in situ TR-XANES. The Cu dispersion was related to the Cu+ fraction in CuPS, while Br?nsted acid sites (BAS) depends on Cu0 particles. The MP conversion to 1-hexadecene proceeds via hydrogenation-dehydration promoted by the synergy of Cu0 surface and Br?nsted acid sites at the interface. The α-olefin selectivity depends on a balance between Cu+ and Cu loading. The 20CuPS possessing 10% Cu+ fraction, provides a high conversion of 72% with 45% α-olefin selectivity.
Synthesis and surface-active properties of novel cleavable gemini surfactants
Gilbert, Elangeni Ana,Guastavino, Javier Fernando,Murguía, Marcelo César
, (2021/09/14)
A novel series of quaternary ammonium gemini compounds having a butynylene spacer and different hydrocarbon chain lengths (CGBu8-16) were prepared. Carbonate group inserted between the hydrocarbon chains and the polar heads make these compounds hydrolyzable. The degradation under hydrolysis of these novel series will lead to the generation of fatty alcohols and readily degradable compounds. The reagents used are biodegradable, renewable, or reusable. The surface activities and foamability in aqueous solution of the cleavable gemini compounds containing n-octyl, n-decyl, and n-dodecyl chains meet the criteria for being good surfactants and showed stable foams even at low concentrations.
Surfactant-Free Synthesis of Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles on MoS2Nanosheets as Bifunctional Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-Oil
Fan, Xiaobin,Li, Yang,Liang, Junmei,Lin, Qianqian,Peng, Wenchao,Xu, Danyun,Zhang, Fengbao,Zhang, Qicheng
, p. 14710 - 14716 (2020/12/23)
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oil is a crucial step for improving the bio-fuel quality, but developing highly dispersed Pt-based catalysts with high selectivity for target alkanes remains a great challenge. This study presents a fast surfactant-free method to prepare the MoS2-supported Pt catalyst for HDO. Ultrafine Pt nanoparticles with sizes of 5 nm can be readily grown on chemically exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) via the direct microwave-assisted thermal reduction. The obtained Pt NPs/MoS2 composites show excellent catalytic performance in the conversion of palmitic acid, and the best selectivity (also the yield) of hexadecane and pentadecane is 80.56 and 19.43%, respectively.
