4103-11-1Relevant articles and documents
Reactions of Sodium Diisopropylamide: Liquid-Phase and Solid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysis by N, N, N′, N″, N″-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
Ma, Yun,Woltornist, Ryan A.,Algera, Russell F.,Collum, David B.
supporting information, p. 13370 - 13381 (2021/09/03)
Sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA) in N,N-dimethylethylamine (DMEA) and DMEA-hydrocarbon mixtures with added N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) reacts with alkyl halides, epoxides, hydrazones, arenes, alkenes, and allyl ethers. Comparisons of PMDTA with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) accompanied by detailed rate and computational studies reveal the importance of the trifunctionality and κ2-κ3 hemilability. Rate studies show exclusively monomer-based reactions of 2-bromooctane, cyclooctene oxide, and dimethylresorcinol. Catalysis with 10 mol % PMDTA shows up to >30-fold accelerations (kcat > 300) with no evidence of inhibition over 10 turnovers. Solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysis (SLPTC) is explored as a means to optimize the catalysis as well as explore the merits of heterogeneous reaction conditions.
Electronic effects versus distortion energies during strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions: A theoretical tool to predict reaction kinetics
Garcia-Hartjes, Jaime,Dommerholt, Jan,Wennekes, Tom,Van Delft, Floris L.,Zuilhof, Han
, p. 3712 - 3720 (2013/07/26)
Second-order reaction kinetics of known strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions were compared with theoretical data from a range of ab initio methods. This produced both detailed insights into the factors determining the reaction rates and two straightforward theoretical tools that can be used to predict a priori the reaction kinetics of novel cyclooctynes for strain-promoted cycloaddition reactions. Multiple structural and electronic effects contribute to the reactivity of various cyclooctynes. It is therefore hard to relate a physical or electronic property directly and independently to the reactivity of the cyclooctyne. However, we show that Hartree-Fock LUMO energies, which were acquired while calculating activation energies at the MP2 level of theory, correlate with second-order kinetic rate data and are therefore usable for reactivity predictions of cyclooctynes towards azides. Using this correlation, we developed a simple theoretical tool that can be used to predict the reaction kinetics of (novel) cyclooctynes for SPAAC reactions. Activation energies, distortion energies, and TS conformational data were compared in a set of strained cyclooctynes in strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions. Only electronic effects could be accurately related to experimental rate data. Copyright
Clicking 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and cyclooctynes with tunable reaction rates
Chen, Weixuan,Wang, Danzhu,Dai, Chaofeng,Hamelberg, Donald,Wang, Binghe
supporting information; experimental part, p. 1736 - 1738 (2012/03/09)
Substituted tetrazines have been found to undergo facile inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions with "tunable" reaction rates.