5765-63-9Relevant articles and documents
The SN2 Reactivity of 3,3-Disubstituted 1,2-Dioxetanes with Morpholine
Adam, Waldemar,Stoessel, Roland,Treiber, Alexander
, p. 2879 - 2884 (2007/10/02)
The reaction of morpholine with the 3-aryl-3-methyldioxetanes 1a-c (Y = 4-OMe, H, 4-NO2), the 3-(methoxymethyl)-3-phenyldioxetane (1d), and the 3-(halomethyl) 3-phenyldioxetanes 1e,f (X = Cl, Br) was investigated to determine the SN2 reactivity of these dioxetanes and the product distribution of the hydroxylamine ether 2 adducts and the dioxetane fragmentation products 3.It was shown that the overall reactivity and the product distribution are strongly dependent on the substituents of the dioxetanes 1.Thus, the reactivity of the dioxetanes 1 toward morpholine was demonstrated to correlate with the electron-accepting propensity of the substituents in the 3-position, while the product distribution depends on the electronic features of the primary dipolar adduct, which results from nucleophilic attack at the dioxetane peroxide bond.Electron-donating substituents (Y = 4-OMe) favor proton transfer from the hydroxylammonium site to the alkoxide ion due to the enhanced basicity of the latter, and, therefore, the formation of the hydroxylamine ether 2 is promoted.Additionally, electron-accepting substituents (Y = NO2) facilitate the Grob fragmentation of the primary dipolar adduct to the dioxetane cleavage products 3.The unexpected formation of the hydroperoxide 4f in the reaction of the dioxetane 1f with morpholine was shown to result from acid-catalyzed ring opening of the dioxetane by morpholinium bromide and subsequent morpholine trapping of the resulting stabilized, bromine-bridged benzylic cation.
Factors affecting product formation in the photolysis of α-spirocyclopropyl ketones
Yates, Peter,Helferty, Patrick Hugh
, p. 936 - 945 (2007/10/02)
Photolysis of spirooct-7-en-4-ones results in exclusive β-cleavage in methanol to give 2-ethenylcyclohex-2-en-1-ones and in hydrocarbon solvents to give (E)- and (Z)-2-ethylidenecyclohex-3-en-1-ones.The solvent effect is ascribed to the role of metha