6163-66-2Relevant articles and documents
PROCESS AND SYSTEM TO MAKE SUBSTITUTED LACTONES
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Paragraph 0052; 0054, (2021/02/05)
A process for oxidizing iso-butane with oxygen to produce t-butyl hydroperoxide and t-butyl alcohol; dehydrating at least a portion of the t-butyl alcohol to produce di-tert-butyl ether and isobutylene; epoxidizing at least a portion of the isobutylene with the t-butyl hydroperoxide to produce isobutylene oxide and t-butyl alcohol; and carbonylating at least a portion of the isobutylene oxide with carbon monoxide to produce pivalolactone.
Catalytic etherification of alcohols in Shilov system: C[sbnd]O versus C[sbnd]H bond activation
Khazipov, Oleg V.,Nykytenko, Denys V.,Krasnyakova, Tatyana V.,Vdovichenko, Alexander N.,Fuentes Frias, Dario A.,Mitchenko, Serge A.
, p. 490 - 498 (2016/12/16)
A novel catalytic reaction of alcohol etherification in the system ROH ? PtCl42? ‐ PtCl62? was found. Methanol easily transforms into dimethyl ether in the presence of catalytic amounts of PtII chloro complexes at 70?°C. Under the same conditions reaction of ethanol affords diethyl ether (catalytic) and π-ethylene PtII complex (stoichiometric). The reactions are accompanied by multiple H/D exchange, which is indicative of intermediacy of corresponding alkyl platinum derivatives. The plausible reaction mechanism involves oxidative addition of alcohol forming intermediate alkyl platinum(IV) derivative followed by decomposition of it via reductive elimination step under the action of alcohol giving the ether and regenerating catalyst. In the case of ethyl alcohol reaction, β-hydrogen abstraction from the intermediate Pt-ethyl species yields π-ethylene platinum(II) complex. Although it seems that the reaction does not involve the initial breaking of C[sbnd]H bonds of an alcohol, this system can be regarded as a model for studying of some peculiarities of Shilov chemistry, in particular, of isotope scrambling mechanisms in Shilov alkane activation. In contrast to reactions of dimethyl and diethyl ethers formation, tert-butyl ethers formation in CD3OH/t-BuOH medium is catalyzed by PtIV chloro complexes also and is not accompanied by isotope scrambling. These observations argue against intermediacy of alkyl platinum derivatives suggesting that acid-catalyzed mechanism operates in tert-butyl alcohol etherification.
Lactam inhibitors of factor Xa and method
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, (2008/06/13)
Lactam inhibitors are provided which have the structure including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and all stereoisomers thereof, and prodrug esters thereof, wherein n is 1 to 5; and and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 , R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R10a, 1011 and R12 are as defined herein. These compounds are inhibitors of Factor Xa and thus are useful as anticoagulants. A method for treating cardiovascular diseases associated with thromboses is also provided.
