617-55-0Relevant articles and documents
An approach to the chemotaxonomic differentiation of two European Dog's mercury species: Mercurialis annua L. and M. perennis L.
Lorenz, Peter,Duckstein, Sarina,Conrad, Juergen,Knoedler, Matthias,Meyer, Ulrich,Stintzing, Florian C.
experimental part, p. 282 - 297 (2012/05/04)
Mercurialis annua and M. perennis are medicinal plants used in complementary medicine. In the present work, analytical methods to allow a chemotaxonomic differentiation of M. annua and M. perennis by means of chemical marker compounds were established. In addition to previously published compounds, the exclusive presence of pyridine-3-carbonitrile and nicotinamide in CH2Cl2 extracts obtained from the herbal parts of M. annua was demonstrated by GC/MS. Notably, pyridine-3-carbonitrile was identified for the first time as a natural product. Further chromatographic separation of the CH2Cl2 extracts via polyamide yielded a MeOH fraction exhibiting a broad spectrum of side-chain saturated n-alkylresorcinols. While the n-alkylresorcinol pattern was similar for both plant species, some specific differences were observed for particular n-alkylresorcinol homologs. Finally, the investigation of H2O extracts by LC/MS/MS revealed the presence of depside constituents. Whereas, in M. perennis, a mixture of mercurialis acid (=(2R)-[(E)-caffeoyl]-2-oxoglutarate) and phaselic acid (=(E)-caffeoyl-2-malate) could be detected, in M. annua solely phaselic acid was found. By comparison with synthesized enantiomerically pure (2R)- and (2S)-phaselic acids, the configuration of the depside could be determined as (2S) in M. annua and as (2R) in M. perennis.
Enantiomerically pure tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic esters from dialkyl 2-oxoglutarates
Drioli, Sara,Nitti, Patrizia,Pitacco, Giuliana,Tossut, Laura,Valentin, Ennio
, p. 2713 - 2728 (2007/10/03)
Enantiomerically pure tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic esters can be prepared either by enzymatic resolution of the racemic γ-lactones themselves or by bioreduction with baker's yeast of dialkyl 2-oxoglutarates and subsequent cyclization of the resulting dialkyl 2-hydroxyglutarates. The best results were obtained by the former route, by which the desired compounds were isolated in high enantiomeric excess. Bioreductions were less satisfactory. In fact the hydroxyester intermediates were initially formed as racemic mixtures and their final enantiomeric enrichment was reached by asymmetric destruction, occurring in the bioreaction medium, however at the same time large amounts of alkyl 4-hydroxybutanoates were formed as side products.
A Biocatalytic Approach to the Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-Malic Acid
Santaniello, Enzo,Ferraboschi, Patrizia,Grisenti, Paride,Aragozzini, Fabrizio,Maconi, Elisabetta
, p. 601 - 605 (2007/10/02)
(S)-Diethyl malate 1a was prepared (70-80percent yield; >98percent optical purity) by an enantioselective reduction of sodium diethyl oxalacetate 2 by fermenting baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).Other microorganisms were tested for their capability of reducing 2.Most of them afforded (S)-1a with ee from 8 to 94percent and only Candida utilis, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus fermentum ILC G18D preferentially reduced compound 2 to (R)-1a. (R)-Dimethyl malate 1b was obtained from (R,S)-malate 1b by hydrolysis with pig liver esterase (PLE), the highest ee (93percent) being realized at 0 deg C in 20percent aqueous methanol.Enzymatic hydrolyses of protected malates 1d and 1e did not lead to improvement of the ee.
