Structures of coronatine (+)-1, jasmonic acid (-)-4, and their derivatives.
Retrosynthesis of coronatine and their stereoisomers. A: Retrosynthesis of coronatine and their derivatives. B: Retrosynthesis of coronamic acid moieties.
Synthesis of naturally occurring coronatine (+)-1 and stereoisomers (-)-1, (+)-7, and (-)-7. aEnantio excess was calculated by chiral HPLC analysis.
Effects of synthetic coronatines and related compounds on stomatal aperture in epidermis of I. tricolor (A) and a stoma in epidermis of I. tricolor (B).
