72442-37-6Relevant articles and documents
Metal-catalyzed reductive deamination of glutamic acid to bio-based dimethyl glutarate and methylamines
De Schouwer, Free,Cuypers, Thomas,Claes, Laurens,De Vos, Dirk E.
, p. 1866 - 1876 (2017/06/09)
Glutamic acid is a promising renewable platform molecule which is abundantly available in biomass waste streams; it is also efficiently manufactured by fermentation. Here we report the reductive deamination of glutamic acid to bio-based dimethyl glutarate and methylamines. In order to recycle nitrogen in an industrially relevant co-product, glutamic acid was modified to N,N-dimethylglutamic acid by a mild reductive alkylation with Pd/C. Subsequently, selective C-N hydrogenolysis in methanol resulted in dimethyl glutarate and trimethylamine. A wide screening of transition metals (Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru) immobilized on various supports showed that the highest yields of dimethyl glutarate were obtained with Pt/TiO2. An FTIR study and kinetic experiments on metal-loaded and unloaded supports demonstrate that the interplay between the metal and the moderate acidity of the support results in the excellent C-N hydrogenolysis activity and selectivity. Finally, reaction parameter optimization resulted in 81% yield of dimethyl glutarate with 1 wt% Pt/TiO2 at 225 °C, 30 bar H2 after 8 h.
New AZT conjugates as potent anti-HIV agents
You, Zhengqing,Lee, Henry
, p. 37 - 54 (2007/10/03)
In an attempt to discover anti-HIV agents with much reduced cytotoxicity from the currently available HIV-reverse transcriptase inhibitors, AZT conjugates of cholanic acids, 2-imidazolidone-4-carboxylic acid and its derivatives, and N,N′-disubstituted 5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones have been synthesized and their anti-HIV profiles determined with CEM-SS cell line. The AZT conjugates with 2-imidazolidone-4-carboxylic acid and 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid through an ester linkage, and with N,N′-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one through a succinate tether showed significantly higher therapeutic indexes than AZT while they also retained or enhanced AZT's anti-HIV activity. Thus, structural features that favor the desired therapeutic profile of the conjugates appear to include a five-membered ring cyclic urea or lactam, and six-membered ring cyclic urea with N,N′-diphenyl substitution. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.