7726-95-6

Basic information

• Product Name: Bromine (standard state)
• Synonyms: EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 008701;Br2;Broom [Dutch];Br-;Brome [French];Bromine solution;Bromo [Italian];Bromo [Spanish];Bromo group;Brom [German];dibromine;Brom;Bromination catalysts Bromination kinetics See also Bromine;Bromine or bromine solutions [UN1744] [Corrosive];molecular bromine;BrominationSee also related:;Industrial Bromine(Br2);Bromine, Reagent;Bromine7726-95-6;ambroxol Su
• CAS NO: 7726-95-6
• Molecular Formula: Br₂
• Molecular Weight: 159.808
• EINECS: 231-778-1
• Mol File: 7726-95-6.mol
• Article Data: 124

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -7.2℃
• Boiling Point: 58.7 °C
• Flash Point: 113°C
• Appearance: red brown liquid
• Density: 2.91 g/cm³
• Vapor Pressure: 190mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.55
• Water Solubility: 35 g/L (20℃)
• CAS DataBase Reference: Bromine (standard state)(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Bromine (standard state)(7726-95-6)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Bromine (standard state)(7726-95-6)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T+:Very toxic
• Statements: R26:; R35:; R50:
• Safety Statements: S26:; S45:; S61:; S7/9:
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7726-95-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

InChI:InChI=1/Br2/c1-2

Upstream product

• 5332-26-3 N-(bromomethyl)phtalimide 
• 2401-40-3 1-bromopyrrolidin-2-one 
• 10035-10-6 hydrogen bromide 
• 7697-37-2 nitric acid 
• 128-08-5 N-Bromosuccinimide 
• 15719-64-9 methylammonium carbonate 
• 5332-24-1 3-bromoquinoline 
• 110-86-1 pyridine 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 728-84-7 2-bromo-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione 
• 110-83-8 cyclohexene 
• 79-08-3 bromoacetic acid 
• 71-43-2 benzene 
• 106-40-1 4-bromo-aniline 

Downstream Products

• 97-59-6 Allantoin 
• 1003-09-4 2-bromothiophene 
• 45438-73-1 2-thenyl bromide 
• 563-76-8 α-bromopropionyl bromide 
• 1056477-06-5 2-bromocyclohexanone 
• 13094-51-4 bromoacetic anhydride 
• 3140-93-0 2,3-dibromothiophen 
• 6602-32-0 2-bromo-pyridin-3-ol 
• 3141-27-3 2,5-dibromothiophen 
• 2346-26-1 2,4-oxazolidinedione 
• 2034-22-2 2,4,5-tribromo-1H-imidazole 
• 2302-30-9 4,5-dibromo-1H-imidazole 
• 504-24-5 4-aminopyridine 
• 84539-34-4 4-amino-3,5-dibromopyridine 

Relevant articles and documents

Oscillation in the Bromate-Bromide-Cerous System. The Simplest Chemical Oscillator

The bistability of the cerium-bromate-bromide system in an open-flow (CSTR) system was investigated near the critical point.Near this critical point Hopf's bifurcation occurs, causing stable states to become unstable.Domains of single or three unstable steady states occur, with possible oscillations around them.A good agreement is obtained between the calculated and experimental oscillation domains on the various subspaces of constraints.This oscillator is the simplest chemical oscillator fully understood in terms of elementary reactions.

A new chemical oscillator with a macrocyclic copper(II) complex as catalyst and lactic acid as the substrate

The oscillatory features of a new type Belousov-Zhabotin-skii oscillator with a macrocyclic copper(II) complex [CuL](ClO4)2 as catalyst and lactic acid as the substrate have been reported. This complex contains the ligand 5,7,12,14-tetraethyl-7,14-dimethyl-1,4,8,11 -tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene. A tentative mechanism based on FKN has been suggested. Copyright

The Syntheses of Carbocations by Use of the Noble-Gas Oxidant, [XeOTeF 5][Sb(OTeF5)6]: The Syntheses and Characterization of the CX3+ (X = Cl, Br, OTeF 5) and CBr(OTeF5)2+ Cations and Theoretical Studies of CX3+ and BX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I, OTeF5)

The CCl3+ and CBr3+ cations have been synthesized by oxidation of a halide ligand of CCl4 and CBr4 at -78 °C in SO2ClF solvent by use of [XeOTeF5][Sb(OTeF5)6]. The CBr3 + cation reacts further with BrOTeF5 to give CBr(OTeF 5)2+, C(OTeF5)3 +, and Br2. The [XeOTeF5][Sb(OTeF 5)6] salt was also found to react with BrOTeF5 in SO2ClF solvent at -78 °C to give the Br(OTeF5) 2+ cation. The CCl3+, CBr 3+, CBr(OTeF5)2+, C(OTeF5)3+, and Br(OTeF5) 2+ cations and C(OTeF5)4 have been characterized in SO2ClF solution by 13C and/or 19F NMR spectroscopy at -78 °C. The X-ray crystal structures of the CCl3+, CBr3+, and C(OTeF 5)3+ cations have been determined in [CCl 3][Sb(OTeF5)6], [CBr3][Sb(OTeF 5)6]·SO2ClF, and [C(OTeF 5)3][Sb(OTeF5)6]·3SO 2ClF at -173 °C. The CCl3+ and CBr 3+ salts were stable at room temperature, whereas the CBrn(OTeF5)3-n+ salts were stable at 0 °C for several hours. The cations were found to be trigonal planar about carbon, with the CCl3+ and CBr3 + cations showing no significant interactions between their carbon atoms and the fluorine atoms of the Sb(OTeF5)6 - anions. In constrast, the C(OTeF5)3 + cation interacts with an oxygen of each of two SO2ClF molecules by coordination along the three-fold axis of the cation. The solid-state Raman spectra of the Sb(OTeF5)6- salts of CCl3+ and CBr3+ have been obtained and assigned with the aid of electronic structure calculations. The CCl3+ cation displays a well-resolved 35Cl/37Cl isotopic pattern for the symmetric CCl 3 stretch. The energy-minimized geometries, natural charges, and natural bond orders of the CCl3+, CBr3 +, Cl3+, and C(OTeF5) 3+ cations and of the presently unknown CF 3+ cation have been calculated using HF and MP2 methods have been compared with those of the isoelectronic BX3 molecules (X = F, Cl, Br, I, and OTeF5). The 13C and 11B chemical shifts for CX3+ (X = Cl, Br, I) and BX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) were calculated by the GIAO method, and their trends were assessed in terms of paramagnetic contributions and spin-orbit coupling.

Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid by inhibition of the hydrochloric acid-bromate reaction

A new analytical method was developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juice and pharmaceuticals. The method is based on its inhibition effect on the reaction between hydrochloric acid and bromate. The decolourisation of Methyl Orange by the reaction products was used to monitor the reaction spectrophotometrically at 510 nm. The linearity range of the calibration graph depends on bromate concentration. The variable affecting the rate of the reaction was investigated. The method is simple, rapid, relatively sensitive and precise. The limit of detection is 7.6 × 10-6 M and calibration rang is 8 × 10-6-1.2 × 10-3 M ascorbic acid. The relative standard deviation of seven replication determinations of 8 × 10-6 and 2 × 10-5 M ascorbic acid was 2.8 and 1.7%, respectively. The influence of potential interfering substance was studied. The method was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals.

Novel oscillatory reactions involving double substrate

The oscillatory features of a novel type B-Z type oscillator, fructose [F] + oxalic acid [OA] + Ce4+ + BrO3- + H2SO4 has been investigated. The induction time is found to be usually small or negligible. Both single frequency oscillations and two oscillatory states separated by a time-pause are observed. Oscillations occur between two critical limits of [F] and [OA]. A tentative mechanism has been suggested which involves both Br- ion control and free radical control. Computer simulation correctly predicts some of the oscillatory features such as (i) time of initiation, (ii) critical limits of [OA] and (iii) stoppage of oscillations by higher [Br-], confirming the primary role of Br- control mechanism.

Very Efficient Visible Light Energy Harvesting and Conversion by Spectral Sensitization of High Surface Area Polycrystalline Titanium Dioxide Films

By using high surface area (roughness factor ca. 200) polycrystalline anatase films together with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II), RuL34-, as a sensitizer, we have achieved unprecedentedly high visible light to electric current conversion efficiencies in regenerative photoelectrochemical cells.Incident photon to current conversion efficiencies of 73percent have been obtained at the wavelength of maximum absorption of the dye in the presence of iodide as an electron donor.Bromide is oxidized under the same conditions with an efficiency of 56percent.A regenerative cell based on the Br2/Br1- redox system gives a monochromatic light to power conversion efficiency of 12percent with a fill factor of 74percent.Preliminary results with polychromatic illumination are also presented.

Kinetics of the BrO + BrO Reaction

Discharge flow/mass spectrometry has been used to measure the rate coefficient for the disproportionation reaction of BrO radicals, BrO + BrO -> products, at 2-Torr total pressure and over the temperature range 253-400 K.The value of k1 was fou

Photoassisted Oxidation of Hydrogen Bromide to Bromine

Irradiation of oxygen-swept aqueous HBr solutions in the presence of catalytic amounts of anthraquinone derivatives (e.g. 2-sulphonate) produces molecular bromine (up to 3 mmol h-1) with quantum yields of up to 0.07.

Sol-gel-derived carbon ceramic composite electrodes bulk-modified with 1:12-silicomolybdic acid

1:12-Silicomolybdic acid (SiMo12) doped carbon ceramic composite electrodes were fabricated by incorporating SiMo12 and graphite powder in a methyltrimethoxysilane-based gel and characterized by cyclic and square-wave voltammetry. It was demonstrated that the chemically modified electrodes were suitable for electrocatalytic reduction of bromate. The electrodes had the remarkable advantage of surface renewal owing to bulk modification, as well as simple preparation, good mechanical and chemical stability and reproducibility.

Mechanistic Study of the Co-ordination of Hydrogen Peroxide to Methylrhenium Trioxide

The activation parameters (ΔH(excit.), ΔS(excit.), ΔV(excit.)) for the co-ordination of hydrogen peroxide to methylrhenium trioxide have been determined.They indicate a mechanism involving nucleophilic attack.The protons lost in converting H2O2 to a co-ordinated η2-O2(2-) group are transferred to one oxide oxygen, which remains on the metal as an aqua ligand.The rate of reaction is not pH dependent, consistent with the deuterium kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 2.8).The method used to study the reaction is based on the ability of ReMeO3 to catalyse the reaction between Br(1-) and H2O2.The activation parameters for the uncatalysed reaction of Br(1-) and H2O2 were also determined.The value found for ΔV(excit.) is consistent with the accepted mechanism, proton-assisted nucleophilic displacement.

Electrochemistry of Br-/Br2 Redox Couple in Acetonitrile, Methanol and Mix Media of Acetonitrile-Methanol: An Insight into Redox Behavior of Bromide on Platinum (Pt) and Gold (Au) Electrode

Electro-oxidation of Br- on platinum and gold electrode was studied in acetonitrile, methanol and mix media of acetonitrile-methanol. The mechanism of Br- oxidation in these media was investigated using CV, Semi Integration Cyclic Vo

Treatment of Olefinic Amides with NBS in Water: Synthesis of Monobromo- A nd Multibromobenzoxazines

Treatment of olefinic amides with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in water is reported. Monobromobenzoxazines were mainly formed at room temperature, while at 80? °C multibromobenzoxazines were preferentially generated. Mechanism studies showed that the reaction might proceed via a cascade of electrophilic addition at the C=C bond followed by electrophilic substitution at the aromatic ring. No additives are required in this protocol.

Binding of halogens by a Cr8 metallacrown

A Cr8 metallacrown binds halogens X2 (Cl2, Br2 and I2) without loss of crystallinity; the binding has been studied by X-ray diffraction and thermodynamic techniques.