9005-27-0

Basic information

• Product Name: Hydroxyethyl starch
• Synonyms: 2-hydroxyethylstarchether;essex1360;essexgum1360;ethylexgum2020;hes;hespander;hespanderinjection;hydroxyathylstarke
• CAS NO: 9005-27-0
• Molecular Formula: (C6H10O5)m(C2H5O)n
• Molecular Weight: 0
• EINECS: 1308068-626-2
• Product Categories: Carbohydrates;Carbohydrates A to;Carbohydrates H-LBiochemicals and Reagents;Polysaccharide;API
• Mol File: 9005-27-0.mol

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 878.8°C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 485.3°C
• Appearance: /
• Vapor Pressure: 0mmHg at 25°C
• Storage Temp.: -20°C
• Solubility: Freely soluble in water and in dimethyl sulfoxide, practically insoluble in anhydrous ethanol. Hydroxyethyl starches are hygroscopic until they reach a water content of about 12 per cent to 15 per cent.
• CAS DataBase Reference: Hydroxyethyl starch(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Hydroxyethyl starch(9005-27-0)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Hydroxyethyl starch(9005-27-0)

Safety Data

• WGK Germany: 2
• RTECS: WI0410000
• Hazardous Substances Data: 9005-27-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Used in Medical Industry:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as a volume expander for the treatment of hypovolemia, a condition characterized by a decrease in blood volume. It is administered intravenously to prevent shock following severe blood loss caused by trauma, surgery, or other medical problems.
Used in Emergency Medicine:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as a resuscitation fluid in emergency medicine to rapidly restore blood volume and maintain adequate tissue perfusion in patients with severe blood loss or hypovolemic shock.
Used in Intensive Care Medicine:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as a plasma substitute in intensive care medicine to maintain blood volume and improve oxygen delivery to tissues in critically ill patients.
Used in Anesthesiology:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as a component of balanced salt solutions in anesthesiology to maintain blood volume and prevent hypotension during surgery.
Used in Nephrology:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as a plasma expander in nephrology to improve hemodynamics and maintain blood volume in patients with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease.
Used in Oncology:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as a carrier for chemotherapy drugs in oncology to improve drug delivery and enhance the therapeutic effects of cancer treatment.
Used in Transfusion Medicine:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as an alternative to blood transfusions in transfusion medicine to maintain blood volume and prevent complications associated with blood loss.
Used in Sports Medicine:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as a plasma volume expander in sports medicine to prevent dehydration and maintain blood volume in athletes during intense physical activity.
Used in Veterinary Medicine:
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as a plasma volume expander in veterinary medicine to treat hypovolemia and shock in animals due to trauma, surgery, or other medical conditions.

Clinical Uses

Hydroxyethyl starch is often used as a plasma substitute for therapy of hypo- volemia after trauma, burns, infections or during surgery.It is also widely used for hemodilution treatment of cerebral ischemia and of retinal, otogenic or peripheral perfusion disturbances.In treatment of cerebral ischemia, a hypervolemic therapy protocol has been shown to be more effective than an isovolemic infusion. Another indication is the hyperdynamic treatment of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Some of these indications require relatively high dosages to ensure efficacy of therapy.However, during continuous treatment with large volumes of HES, disturbances of coagulation and hemor- rhagic complications are not uncommon. Trumble et al. reported bleeding complications during hetastarch therapy of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients and recommended the use of plasma protein fraction instead.Van den Brink observed coagulopathy under therapy with highly sub- stituted medium molecular weight HES.These disturbances of the coagulation sys-tem were found to be due to an acquired von Willebrand syndrome.

lnstructions for Use

Suspend in saline(0.9%) or 5% dextrose solution for use. Administer slowly in 5-mL/kg increments to small animals,then reassess and increase the dose to rates listed in the dosing section.Hydroxyethyl starch solutions are used in critical care situations and infused via CRI.

Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Most of the serious adverse effects reported, such as kidney injury and coagula- tion abnormalitics,have been observed in human studies and have not been docu- mented with clinical use in veterinary medicine.The use in people has become controversial and caution is advised when using these products in animals,with attention to the most commonly reported problems in people.Hetastarch may cause allergic reactions and hyperosmotic kidney injury.Hydroxyethyl starch solu- tions may affect platelet function and produce coagulation abnormalitics at clini- cally relevant doses for up to 24 hours.The high-molecular-weight hetastarch may alter coagulation and alter viscoelastic measurements and fibrinolysis.Do not use in patients with bleeding problems or preexisting coagulopathies. High-molecular- weight products (10% solutions) have molecular weight more than 200 kDa (kilodaltons)and are associated with higher risk of kidney injury.Tetrastarch solu- tions also may have less tendency to cause coagulopathics than hetastarch.There- fore the current recommendation is to use tetrastarch solutions of 6% and reduced molecular weight(130 kDa).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Analysis of cDNA clones indicates that ribosome binding protein 1 may exist in different forms due to removal of tandem repeats, or partial intraexonic splicing of RRBP1. The form presented here is lacking the canine p180 ribosome-binding domain, NQGKKAEGAQ, which is tandemly repeated close to the N-terminus in other forms that haven′t been fully characterized. RRBP1 has been excluded as a candidate gene in the cause of Alagille syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq]

InChI:InChI=1/C16H32O11.C6H12O6/c17-1-6-22-11-12-13(23-7-2-18)14(24-8-3-19)15(25-9-4-20)16(27-12)26-10-5-21;7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h12-21H,1-11H2;2-11H,1H2/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16+;2-,3-,4+,5-,6+/m11/s1