The fundamental temperature scale used in theoretical physics and chemistry, and in certain engineering calculations, such as the change in volume of a gas with temperature. Absolute temperatures are expressed either in degrees Kelvin or in degrees Rankine, corresponding respectively to the centigrade and Fahrenheit scales. Temperatures in Kelvins are obtained by adding 273 to the centigrade temperature (if above 0C) or subtracting the centigrade temperature from 273 (if below 0C). Degrees Rankine are obtained by subtracting 460 from the Fahrenheit temperature.