The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required for neutralization of acetic acid obtained by the saponification of 1 g of acetylated fat or oil sample. Acetylation is carried out by boiling the sample with an equal amount of acetic anhydride, washing, and drying. Saponification values on acetylated and on untreated fat are determined. From the results the acetyl value is calculated. It is a measure of the number of free hydroxyl groups in the fat or oil.