(1779–1848). A native of Sweden, Berzelius was one of the foremost chemists of the 19th century. He made many contributions to both fundamental and applied chemistry; coined the words isomer and catalyst; classified minerals by chemical compound; recognized organic radicals which maintain their identity in a series of reactions; discovered selenium and thorium, and isolated silicon, titanium, and zirconium; did pioneer work with solutions of proteinaceous materials which he recognized as being different from “true” solutions.