An instrument for measuring and indicating such process variables as pressure (hydraulic, steam, air), liquid level, thickness, vacuum, etc. The many types of gauges are activated by mechanical, ultrasonic, electronic, magnetic, and pneumatic means. Some operate on the principle of automatic control. In materials technology, the term gauge is often synonymous with thickness, especially in the metals, rubber, and plastics fields. Light gauge refers to thicknesses from about 0.005 to 0.05 inch, and heavy gauge to thicknesses from about 0.05 to 0.150 inch.See Mil; Meter.