The time required for an unstable element or nuclide to lose one-half of its radioactive intensity in the form of α, β, and γ radiation. It is a constant for each radioactive element or nuclide. Half-lives vary from fractions of a second for some artificially produced radioactive elements to millions of years. The half-life of 235U is 7.1 × 108 years; that of 239Pu is 24,360 years.