(1908–1980). An American chemist who won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1960 and in 1980. His first Nobel work involved radiochemistry and isotope tracer work in the space program. He is known for the “atomic time clock” which is a way of estimating the age of ancient materials by measuring the amount of radioactive 14C in organic or carbon-containing objects. His Doctorate was awarded at Wesleyan University. He also worked at Syracuse, Carnegie Institute of Technology, and Georgetown institutions, among others.