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Solid
Name:
Solid
Detailed information:
Matter in its most highly concentrated form, i.e., the atoms or molecules are much more closely packed than in gases or liquids and thus more resistant to deformation. The normal condition of the solid state is crystalline structure—the orderly arrangement of the constituent atoms of a substance in a framework called a lattice (see
Crystal
). Crystals are of many types and normally have defects and impurities that profoundly affect their applications, as in semiconductors. The geometric structure of solids is determined by X rays which are reflected at characteristic angles from the crystalline lattices, which act as diffraction gratings.See
Crystallography
. Some materials that are physically rigid, such as glass, are regarded as highly viscous liquids because they lack crystalline structure. All solids can be melted (i.e., the attractive forces acting between the crystals are disrupted) by heat and are thus converted to liquids. For ice, this occurs at 0C; for some metals the melting point may be as high as 3300C. Some solids convert by sublimation directly to a gas.
Others
Solder
Solar Pond
Solar Furnace
Solar Energy
Solar Collector
Solar Cell
“Soilfume” [FMC]
“Soilbond” [Huntsman]
Soil Conditioner
Soil
Softwood
“Softisan” [Degussa]
“Softigen” [Degussa]
Softener
Soft
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